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Obesity and hypertension may interact to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma to a greater degree than does either factor alone, according to results of a case-control study.
The findings “suggest synergistic action between obesity and elevated blood pressure, implying that control of either could be effective in lowering RCC risk,” wrote Kaye E. Brock, Ph.D., of the University of Sydney and her associates (Obesity Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;1:147–53).
Of the many case-control studies that have investigated the relationship among RCC, obesity, and hypertension, only two have reported synergism between hypertension and body mass index (BMI).
Lipid peroxidation in hypertensive and overweight patients has been proposed to explain the associations of obesity and hypertension with RCC because of its occurrence in clinical findings, animal models, and human renal cell tissue. Renal DNA is known to react with by-products of lipid peroxidation to form adducts, which, without proper DNA repair, may lead to carcinogenesis, the investigators said.
Dr. Brock and her colleagues compared 373 patients, who had histologically confirmed RCCs identified by the State Health Registry of Iowa during 1985–1987, with 2,250 population-based controls, who were matched to the cases by gender and 5-year age groupings. Overall, 99% of the patients were white and had an age range of 40–85 years.
The researchers found that hypertension was associated with significantly higher odds (odds ratio 1.74) of developing RCC after adjustment for BMI, whereas BMI also was associated with significantly higher odds (OR 1.82) of developing RCC after adjusting for hypertension.
Risk of RCC steadily rose as BMI (kg/m
But there was little increase in the risk of RCC as the severity of obesity rose in patients with normal blood pressure.
Each analysis was adjusted for age, gender, and pack-years of smoking. A proxy respondent filled out a questionnaire on behalf of some patients because of death or illness, so the investigators also adjusted each analysis for proxy status.
Obesity and hypertension may interact to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma to a greater degree than does either factor alone, according to results of a case-control study.
The findings “suggest synergistic action between obesity and elevated blood pressure, implying that control of either could be effective in lowering RCC risk,” wrote Kaye E. Brock, Ph.D., of the University of Sydney and her associates (Obesity Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;1:147–53).
Of the many case-control studies that have investigated the relationship among RCC, obesity, and hypertension, only two have reported synergism between hypertension and body mass index (BMI).
Lipid peroxidation in hypertensive and overweight patients has been proposed to explain the associations of obesity and hypertension with RCC because of its occurrence in clinical findings, animal models, and human renal cell tissue. Renal DNA is known to react with by-products of lipid peroxidation to form adducts, which, without proper DNA repair, may lead to carcinogenesis, the investigators said.
Dr. Brock and her colleagues compared 373 patients, who had histologically confirmed RCCs identified by the State Health Registry of Iowa during 1985–1987, with 2,250 population-based controls, who were matched to the cases by gender and 5-year age groupings. Overall, 99% of the patients were white and had an age range of 40–85 years.
The researchers found that hypertension was associated with significantly higher odds (odds ratio 1.74) of developing RCC after adjustment for BMI, whereas BMI also was associated with significantly higher odds (OR 1.82) of developing RCC after adjusting for hypertension.
Risk of RCC steadily rose as BMI (kg/m
But there was little increase in the risk of RCC as the severity of obesity rose in patients with normal blood pressure.
Each analysis was adjusted for age, gender, and pack-years of smoking. A proxy respondent filled out a questionnaire on behalf of some patients because of death or illness, so the investigators also adjusted each analysis for proxy status.
Obesity and hypertension may interact to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma to a greater degree than does either factor alone, according to results of a case-control study.
The findings “suggest synergistic action between obesity and elevated blood pressure, implying that control of either could be effective in lowering RCC risk,” wrote Kaye E. Brock, Ph.D., of the University of Sydney and her associates (Obesity Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;1:147–53).
Of the many case-control studies that have investigated the relationship among RCC, obesity, and hypertension, only two have reported synergism between hypertension and body mass index (BMI).
Lipid peroxidation in hypertensive and overweight patients has been proposed to explain the associations of obesity and hypertension with RCC because of its occurrence in clinical findings, animal models, and human renal cell tissue. Renal DNA is known to react with by-products of lipid peroxidation to form adducts, which, without proper DNA repair, may lead to carcinogenesis, the investigators said.
Dr. Brock and her colleagues compared 373 patients, who had histologically confirmed RCCs identified by the State Health Registry of Iowa during 1985–1987, with 2,250 population-based controls, who were matched to the cases by gender and 5-year age groupings. Overall, 99% of the patients were white and had an age range of 40–85 years.
The researchers found that hypertension was associated with significantly higher odds (odds ratio 1.74) of developing RCC after adjustment for BMI, whereas BMI also was associated with significantly higher odds (OR 1.82) of developing RCC after adjusting for hypertension.
Risk of RCC steadily rose as BMI (kg/m
But there was little increase in the risk of RCC as the severity of obesity rose in patients with normal blood pressure.
Each analysis was adjusted for age, gender, and pack-years of smoking. A proxy respondent filled out a questionnaire on behalf of some patients because of death or illness, so the investigators also adjusted each analysis for proxy status.