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Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography identified several significant predictors of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, according to a study published online Jan. 5 in JACC Cardiovascular Imaging.
“This is the first study to demonstrate that large prosthetic expansion, elliptical prosthetic shape, and anti-anatomical position are 3D features associated with transvalvular AR,” said Dr. Kentaro Shibayama of Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, and his associates. The study also showed that paravalvular AR was inversely related to effective area oversizing, the investigators said (JACC Cardiovasc Imag. 2016 Jan. 6).
Post-TAVR AR continues to affect substantial numbers of patients, despite progress in prosthesis design. Past research has linked paravalvular AR to prosthetic undersizing, long-axis malpositioning, and aortic annular calcification, but the causes of transvalvular AR have not been adequately studied, the researchers said. Using intraprocedural 3D transesophageal echocardiography, they imaged the native annuluses and postoperative prosthetic valves of 201 patients with severe aortic stenosis who received the Edwards SAPIEN device. The investigators also used transthoracic echocardiography to separately grade post-TAVR transvalvular and paravalvular AR as none or trivial, mild, moderate, or severe according to the 2012 Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1438-54).Fully 44% of patients developed mild or moderate aortic regurgitation after TAVR, while the rest had no or trivial AR, the investigators said. About three-quarters of AR cases were mild, nearly 25% were moderate, and none were severe. Only 3% of patients had transvalvular AR only, 34% had paravalvular AR only, and 7% had both types of AR. Patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR had significantly more prosthetic expansion (P less than .05), a more elliptical prosthetic shape at the level of the prosthetic commissure (P less than .01), and malpositioning of the prosthetic commissures in relation to the native commissures (P less than .001), compared with patients without transvalvular AR.
Patients were more likely to have paravalvular AR if they had a lower percentage of effective area oversizing, defined as the prosthetic frame area divided by the area of the native aortic annulus (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P less than .05). “A mismatch between a larger native aortic valve annulus area and a smaller deployed prosthesis found by intra-procedural 3D TEE may increase the risk of developing mild or greater paravalvular AR,” the researchers explained. Older age also was slightly but significantly linked with mild or moderate paravalvular AR(OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, P less than .05).
“Abnormalities related to transvalvular AR after TAVR found in this study may contribute to further deterioration of the prosthesis, warranting careful prospective studies to assess the long-term prognosis of these patients,” the investigators concluded. They cautioned that the number of patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR was too small to carry out detailed analyses.
The researchers reported no funding sources. Senior author Dr. Takahiro Shiota reported being a speaker for Philips Ultrasound, and three of the other seven coinvestigators reported financial relationships with Edwards, Medtronic, Abbott, Capricor, St. Jude Medical, Philips Ultrasound, and Venus Medtech.
This study is important because it reinforces the important role that 3D TEE can play in procedural planning for TAVR and in predicting which patients are more likely to suffer from post-TAVR AR. It is the first study that has highlighted the practical utilization of 3D TEE in this way.
Multislice computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality for TAVR planning in many centers. However, since the imaging resolution of both techniques is similar, and they both have software capable of generating multiplane reconstructions from 3D datasets, I believe that the skill and experience of the imaging expert analyzing the datasets are more important than the modality itself, and the results from this study could probably translate to MSCT.
Although the manufacturers of TAVR valves would have us believe that the issue of postimplant AR has largely been solved by newer valve design, it still remains an important issue and will continue to be so as the technique competes with surgical alternatives. Imaging will continue to play a pivotal role in procedure planning and guidance and, as has been demonstrated by Shibayama et al., 3D TEE can be extremely useful for anticipating and potentially avoiding post-TAVR AR.
Mark Monaghan, Ph.D., is the FESC director of noninvasive cardiology at King’s College Hospital Denmark Hill in London. These comments were taken from his editorial (JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016 Jan. 6).
This study is important because it reinforces the important role that 3D TEE can play in procedural planning for TAVR and in predicting which patients are more likely to suffer from post-TAVR AR. It is the first study that has highlighted the practical utilization of 3D TEE in this way.
Multislice computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality for TAVR planning in many centers. However, since the imaging resolution of both techniques is similar, and they both have software capable of generating multiplane reconstructions from 3D datasets, I believe that the skill and experience of the imaging expert analyzing the datasets are more important than the modality itself, and the results from this study could probably translate to MSCT.
Although the manufacturers of TAVR valves would have us believe that the issue of postimplant AR has largely been solved by newer valve design, it still remains an important issue and will continue to be so as the technique competes with surgical alternatives. Imaging will continue to play a pivotal role in procedure planning and guidance and, as has been demonstrated by Shibayama et al., 3D TEE can be extremely useful for anticipating and potentially avoiding post-TAVR AR.
Mark Monaghan, Ph.D., is the FESC director of noninvasive cardiology at King’s College Hospital Denmark Hill in London. These comments were taken from his editorial (JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016 Jan. 6).
This study is important because it reinforces the important role that 3D TEE can play in procedural planning for TAVR and in predicting which patients are more likely to suffer from post-TAVR AR. It is the first study that has highlighted the practical utilization of 3D TEE in this way.
Multislice computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality for TAVR planning in many centers. However, since the imaging resolution of both techniques is similar, and they both have software capable of generating multiplane reconstructions from 3D datasets, I believe that the skill and experience of the imaging expert analyzing the datasets are more important than the modality itself, and the results from this study could probably translate to MSCT.
Although the manufacturers of TAVR valves would have us believe that the issue of postimplant AR has largely been solved by newer valve design, it still remains an important issue and will continue to be so as the technique competes with surgical alternatives. Imaging will continue to play a pivotal role in procedure planning and guidance and, as has been demonstrated by Shibayama et al., 3D TEE can be extremely useful for anticipating and potentially avoiding post-TAVR AR.
Mark Monaghan, Ph.D., is the FESC director of noninvasive cardiology at King’s College Hospital Denmark Hill in London. These comments were taken from his editorial (JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016 Jan. 6).
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography identified several significant predictors of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, according to a study published online Jan. 5 in JACC Cardiovascular Imaging.
“This is the first study to demonstrate that large prosthetic expansion, elliptical prosthetic shape, and anti-anatomical position are 3D features associated with transvalvular AR,” said Dr. Kentaro Shibayama of Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, and his associates. The study also showed that paravalvular AR was inversely related to effective area oversizing, the investigators said (JACC Cardiovasc Imag. 2016 Jan. 6).
Post-TAVR AR continues to affect substantial numbers of patients, despite progress in prosthesis design. Past research has linked paravalvular AR to prosthetic undersizing, long-axis malpositioning, and aortic annular calcification, but the causes of transvalvular AR have not been adequately studied, the researchers said. Using intraprocedural 3D transesophageal echocardiography, they imaged the native annuluses and postoperative prosthetic valves of 201 patients with severe aortic stenosis who received the Edwards SAPIEN device. The investigators also used transthoracic echocardiography to separately grade post-TAVR transvalvular and paravalvular AR as none or trivial, mild, moderate, or severe according to the 2012 Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1438-54).Fully 44% of patients developed mild or moderate aortic regurgitation after TAVR, while the rest had no or trivial AR, the investigators said. About three-quarters of AR cases were mild, nearly 25% were moderate, and none were severe. Only 3% of patients had transvalvular AR only, 34% had paravalvular AR only, and 7% had both types of AR. Patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR had significantly more prosthetic expansion (P less than .05), a more elliptical prosthetic shape at the level of the prosthetic commissure (P less than .01), and malpositioning of the prosthetic commissures in relation to the native commissures (P less than .001), compared with patients without transvalvular AR.
Patients were more likely to have paravalvular AR if they had a lower percentage of effective area oversizing, defined as the prosthetic frame area divided by the area of the native aortic annulus (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P less than .05). “A mismatch between a larger native aortic valve annulus area and a smaller deployed prosthesis found by intra-procedural 3D TEE may increase the risk of developing mild or greater paravalvular AR,” the researchers explained. Older age also was slightly but significantly linked with mild or moderate paravalvular AR(OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, P less than .05).
“Abnormalities related to transvalvular AR after TAVR found in this study may contribute to further deterioration of the prosthesis, warranting careful prospective studies to assess the long-term prognosis of these patients,” the investigators concluded. They cautioned that the number of patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR was too small to carry out detailed analyses.
The researchers reported no funding sources. Senior author Dr. Takahiro Shiota reported being a speaker for Philips Ultrasound, and three of the other seven coinvestigators reported financial relationships with Edwards, Medtronic, Abbott, Capricor, St. Jude Medical, Philips Ultrasound, and Venus Medtech.
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography identified several significant predictors of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, according to a study published online Jan. 5 in JACC Cardiovascular Imaging.
“This is the first study to demonstrate that large prosthetic expansion, elliptical prosthetic shape, and anti-anatomical position are 3D features associated with transvalvular AR,” said Dr. Kentaro Shibayama of Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles, and his associates. The study also showed that paravalvular AR was inversely related to effective area oversizing, the investigators said (JACC Cardiovasc Imag. 2016 Jan. 6).
Post-TAVR AR continues to affect substantial numbers of patients, despite progress in prosthesis design. Past research has linked paravalvular AR to prosthetic undersizing, long-axis malpositioning, and aortic annular calcification, but the causes of transvalvular AR have not been adequately studied, the researchers said. Using intraprocedural 3D transesophageal echocardiography, they imaged the native annuluses and postoperative prosthetic valves of 201 patients with severe aortic stenosis who received the Edwards SAPIEN device. The investigators also used transthoracic echocardiography to separately grade post-TAVR transvalvular and paravalvular AR as none or trivial, mild, moderate, or severe according to the 2012 Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1438-54).Fully 44% of patients developed mild or moderate aortic regurgitation after TAVR, while the rest had no or trivial AR, the investigators said. About three-quarters of AR cases were mild, nearly 25% were moderate, and none were severe. Only 3% of patients had transvalvular AR only, 34% had paravalvular AR only, and 7% had both types of AR. Patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR had significantly more prosthetic expansion (P less than .05), a more elliptical prosthetic shape at the level of the prosthetic commissure (P less than .01), and malpositioning of the prosthetic commissures in relation to the native commissures (P less than .001), compared with patients without transvalvular AR.
Patients were more likely to have paravalvular AR if they had a lower percentage of effective area oversizing, defined as the prosthetic frame area divided by the area of the native aortic annulus (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P less than .05). “A mismatch between a larger native aortic valve annulus area and a smaller deployed prosthesis found by intra-procedural 3D TEE may increase the risk of developing mild or greater paravalvular AR,” the researchers explained. Older age also was slightly but significantly linked with mild or moderate paravalvular AR(OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, P less than .05).
“Abnormalities related to transvalvular AR after TAVR found in this study may contribute to further deterioration of the prosthesis, warranting careful prospective studies to assess the long-term prognosis of these patients,” the investigators concluded. They cautioned that the number of patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR was too small to carry out detailed analyses.
The researchers reported no funding sources. Senior author Dr. Takahiro Shiota reported being a speaker for Philips Ultrasound, and three of the other seven coinvestigators reported financial relationships with Edwards, Medtronic, Abbott, Capricor, St. Jude Medical, Philips Ultrasound, and Venus Medtech.
FROM JACC CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
Key clinical point: Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography identified significant predictors of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Major finding: Patients with post-TAVR transvalvular AR had significantly more prosthetic expansion (P less than .05), a more elliptical prosthetic shape (P less than .01), and malpositioning of the prosthetic commissures (P less than .001) compared with patients without transvalvular AR.
Data source: A 3D TEE study of 201 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR with the Edwards SAPIEN device.
Disclosures: The investigators reported no funding sources. Senior author Dr. Takahiro Shiota reported being a speaker for Philips Ultrasound, and three of the other seven coinvestigators reported financial relationships with Edwards, Medtronic, Abbott, Capricor, St. Jude Medical, Philips Ultrasound, and Venus Medtech.