Maintenance rituximab: the standard – for now
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Rituximab maintenance was a key factor influencing survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had undergone autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), according to results from a retrospective, single-center study of 191 patients.

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Of the 191 patients with MCL who underwent ASCT, 175 (92%) received rituximab before ASCT and 75 (39%) received maintenance rituximab after ASCT.

In multivariate analysis, maintenance rituximab therapy after ASCT was the single most important factor associated with improvement in progression-free survival (relative risk [RR], .25; 95% confidence interval, .14-.44) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .07-.38).

Positron emission tomography scans were done prior to ASCT for 133 patients; after ASCT, 105 (79%) were found to be in a PET-negative complete remission. All but one of the patients with PET-negative disease received rituximab before ASCT. For that PET-negative subset, maintenance rituximab was significantly associated with improvements in progression-free survival (RR, .20; 95% CI, .09-.43) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .05-.59).

This study represents one of the largest single-center reports to date on MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, according to the authors. “This study also sets the stage for prospective investigation aiming at optimization of maintenance therapy following ASCT.”

Dr. Mei reported no disclosures, and senior author Lihua E. Budde, MD, PhD, reported being a member of the Lymphoma Research Foundation MCL consortium. The study was supported by research funding from the National Cancer Institute.

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This study confirms the value of maintenance rituximab for a large cohort of patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation outside of clinical trials.

The findings also affirm results of a recent phase 3 randomized trial (LyMa) suggesting that in previously untreated MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, rituximab maintenance is superior to observation in improving overall survival and progression-free survival.

However, the most interesting aspect of this study is the positron emission tomography data. Namely, the benefit of rituximab maintenance was apparent in patients regardless of whether they were in a PET-positive or PET-negative first complete remission at ASCT. “This important finding implies that the benefit of rituximab maintenance after ASCT is present for low- and high-risk MCL patients.”

Despite these confirmatory findings, the treatment landscape for MCL has changed significantly in recent years, particularly with the introduction of treatments such as ibrutinib.

In a clinical trial currently underway, the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network is evaluating ibrutinib as an upfront treatment for young and fit patients. Specifically, the study compares first-line ASCT and rituximab maintenance, ASCT with ibrutinib maintenance, or a transplant-free approach with ibrutinib and chemotherapy.

Unless and until the data from this study “redefine the value of ASCT in the ibrutinib era, ASCT and rituximab maintenance should be recommended as the standard treatment after ASCT for transplant-eligible patients with MCL.”
 

Tobias Roider, MD, and Sascha Dietrich, MD, are with the Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Their comments are in an editorial (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017 November. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.09.008). The authors reported no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest.

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This study confirms the value of maintenance rituximab for a large cohort of patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation outside of clinical trials.

The findings also affirm results of a recent phase 3 randomized trial (LyMa) suggesting that in previously untreated MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, rituximab maintenance is superior to observation in improving overall survival and progression-free survival.

However, the most interesting aspect of this study is the positron emission tomography data. Namely, the benefit of rituximab maintenance was apparent in patients regardless of whether they were in a PET-positive or PET-negative first complete remission at ASCT. “This important finding implies that the benefit of rituximab maintenance after ASCT is present for low- and high-risk MCL patients.”

Despite these confirmatory findings, the treatment landscape for MCL has changed significantly in recent years, particularly with the introduction of treatments such as ibrutinib.

In a clinical trial currently underway, the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network is evaluating ibrutinib as an upfront treatment for young and fit patients. Specifically, the study compares first-line ASCT and rituximab maintenance, ASCT with ibrutinib maintenance, or a transplant-free approach with ibrutinib and chemotherapy.

Unless and until the data from this study “redefine the value of ASCT in the ibrutinib era, ASCT and rituximab maintenance should be recommended as the standard treatment after ASCT for transplant-eligible patients with MCL.”
 

Tobias Roider, MD, and Sascha Dietrich, MD, are with the Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Their comments are in an editorial (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017 November. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.09.008). The authors reported no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest.

Body

 

This study confirms the value of maintenance rituximab for a large cohort of patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation outside of clinical trials.

The findings also affirm results of a recent phase 3 randomized trial (LyMa) suggesting that in previously untreated MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, rituximab maintenance is superior to observation in improving overall survival and progression-free survival.

However, the most interesting aspect of this study is the positron emission tomography data. Namely, the benefit of rituximab maintenance was apparent in patients regardless of whether they were in a PET-positive or PET-negative first complete remission at ASCT. “This important finding implies that the benefit of rituximab maintenance after ASCT is present for low- and high-risk MCL patients.”

Despite these confirmatory findings, the treatment landscape for MCL has changed significantly in recent years, particularly with the introduction of treatments such as ibrutinib.

In a clinical trial currently underway, the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network is evaluating ibrutinib as an upfront treatment for young and fit patients. Specifically, the study compares first-line ASCT and rituximab maintenance, ASCT with ibrutinib maintenance, or a transplant-free approach with ibrutinib and chemotherapy.

Unless and until the data from this study “redefine the value of ASCT in the ibrutinib era, ASCT and rituximab maintenance should be recommended as the standard treatment after ASCT for transplant-eligible patients with MCL.”
 

Tobias Roider, MD, and Sascha Dietrich, MD, are with the Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Their comments are in an editorial (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017 November. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.09.008). The authors reported no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest.

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Maintenance rituximab: the standard – for now
Maintenance rituximab: the standard – for now

 

Rituximab maintenance was a key factor influencing survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had undergone autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), according to results from a retrospective, single-center study of 191 patients.

Wikimedia Commons/TexasPathologistMSW/CC-ASA 4.0 International
Of the 191 patients with MCL who underwent ASCT, 175 (92%) received rituximab before ASCT and 75 (39%) received maintenance rituximab after ASCT.

In multivariate analysis, maintenance rituximab therapy after ASCT was the single most important factor associated with improvement in progression-free survival (relative risk [RR], .25; 95% confidence interval, .14-.44) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .07-.38).

Positron emission tomography scans were done prior to ASCT for 133 patients; after ASCT, 105 (79%) were found to be in a PET-negative complete remission. All but one of the patients with PET-negative disease received rituximab before ASCT. For that PET-negative subset, maintenance rituximab was significantly associated with improvements in progression-free survival (RR, .20; 95% CI, .09-.43) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .05-.59).

This study represents one of the largest single-center reports to date on MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, according to the authors. “This study also sets the stage for prospective investigation aiming at optimization of maintenance therapy following ASCT.”

Dr. Mei reported no disclosures, and senior author Lihua E. Budde, MD, PhD, reported being a member of the Lymphoma Research Foundation MCL consortium. The study was supported by research funding from the National Cancer Institute.

 

Rituximab maintenance was a key factor influencing survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had undergone autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), according to results from a retrospective, single-center study of 191 patients.

Wikimedia Commons/TexasPathologistMSW/CC-ASA 4.0 International
Of the 191 patients with MCL who underwent ASCT, 175 (92%) received rituximab before ASCT and 75 (39%) received maintenance rituximab after ASCT.

In multivariate analysis, maintenance rituximab therapy after ASCT was the single most important factor associated with improvement in progression-free survival (relative risk [RR], .25; 95% confidence interval, .14-.44) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .07-.38).

Positron emission tomography scans were done prior to ASCT for 133 patients; after ASCT, 105 (79%) were found to be in a PET-negative complete remission. All but one of the patients with PET-negative disease received rituximab before ASCT. For that PET-negative subset, maintenance rituximab was significantly associated with improvements in progression-free survival (RR, .20; 95% CI, .09-.43) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .05-.59).

This study represents one of the largest single-center reports to date on MCL patients who have undergone ASCT, according to the authors. “This study also sets the stage for prospective investigation aiming at optimization of maintenance therapy following ASCT.”

Dr. Mei reported no disclosures, and senior author Lihua E. Budde, MD, PhD, reported being a member of the Lymphoma Research Foundation MCL consortium. The study was supported by research funding from the National Cancer Institute.

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Key clinical point: Over time and in many different patterns, rituximab maintenance therapy stood out as the prominent factor influencing survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma who undergo autologous stem cell transplant.

Major finding: Maintenance rituximab was significantly associated with superior progression-free survival (relative risk, .25; 95% confidence interval, .14-.44) and overall survival (RR, .17; 95% CI, .07-.38).

Data source: Retrospective analysis of data for 191 patients with MCL who underwent ASCT at a medical center in California between January 1997 and November 2013.

Disclosures: The study was supported by research funding from the National Cancer Institute. Senior author Lihua E. Budde, MD, PhD, reported being a member of the Lymphoma Research Foundation MCL consortium.

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