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ANSWER
This ECG demonstrates normal sinus rhythm, right-axis deviation, evidence of a lateral MI, and inferolateral ST- and T-wave abnormalities.
Right-axis deviation is indicated by an R-wave axis between 90° and 180° and QS or QR complexes in lead I and/or aVL. While the most common cause of a right-axis deviation is right ventricular hypertrophy, it is also evident in a lateral MI. Evidence for the latter includes the presence of significant Q waves in leads I and aVL. Finally, inferolateral ST- and T-wave changes are evidenced by inverted T waves in leads II, III, aVF, and precordial leads V4 to V6.
ECG evidence of a lateral MI not present on a previous scan (eight months ago), in the presence of a normal troponin level, suggests a recent MI.
ANSWER
This ECG demonstrates normal sinus rhythm, right-axis deviation, evidence of a lateral MI, and inferolateral ST- and T-wave abnormalities.
Right-axis deviation is indicated by an R-wave axis between 90° and 180° and QS or QR complexes in lead I and/or aVL. While the most common cause of a right-axis deviation is right ventricular hypertrophy, it is also evident in a lateral MI. Evidence for the latter includes the presence of significant Q waves in leads I and aVL. Finally, inferolateral ST- and T-wave changes are evidenced by inverted T waves in leads II, III, aVF, and precordial leads V4 to V6.
ECG evidence of a lateral MI not present on a previous scan (eight months ago), in the presence of a normal troponin level, suggests a recent MI.
ANSWER
This ECG demonstrates normal sinus rhythm, right-axis deviation, evidence of a lateral MI, and inferolateral ST- and T-wave abnormalities.
Right-axis deviation is indicated by an R-wave axis between 90° and 180° and QS or QR complexes in lead I and/or aVL. While the most common cause of a right-axis deviation is right ventricular hypertrophy, it is also evident in a lateral MI. Evidence for the latter includes the presence of significant Q waves in leads I and aVL. Finally, inferolateral ST- and T-wave changes are evidenced by inverted T waves in leads II, III, aVF, and precordial leads V4 to V6.
ECG evidence of a lateral MI not present on a previous scan (eight months ago), in the presence of a normal troponin level, suggests a recent MI.
A 70-year-old woman has a 10-year history of a dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy and New York Heart Association Class II heart failure. She presents with a one-week history of back pain and shortness of breath. She describes the pain as a “dull, achy” pressure, exacerbated by exertion and relieved with rest. She says the pain is localized in the back between her scapulas and does not radiate. She denies substernal chest pain, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis; the only associated symptom is dyspnea. Her most recent echocardiogram showed a dilated left ventricle, with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 29%, and a normal right ventricle, with mild hypertrophy and mildly reduced systolic function. She was also noted to have atherosclerotic changes in her ascending and descending thoracic aorta. Medical history is remarkable for diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, hyperlipidemia, and cataracts. Her current medications include aspirin, fer-rous sulfate, furosemide, hydralazine, glargine insulin, isosorbide dinitrate, lisinopril, metoprolol, and raloxifene. She is allergic to codeine, amiodarone, and radi-ographic contrast. Family history is positive for coronary artery disease, diabetes, and stroke. The patient is widowed, does not smoke, and does not consume alcohol. She is very active in her local quilting club. The review of systems is positive for increased weakness and diarrhea. She states that approximately two weeks ago, she experienced vague epigastric pain and diaphoresis; she did not seek medical attention, as it resolved. The physical exam reveals a thin, elderly woman in mild distress. Blood pressure is 139/82 mm Hg; pulse, 66 beats/min; respiratory rate, 21 breaths/¬min-1; and temperature, 35.9°C. Her weight is 108 lb. Pertinent physical findings include a grade II/VI diastolic murmur at the left lower sternal border, 2+ peripheral pulses with a bruit present in the right femoral artery, occasional late expiratory wheezes in both lung bases, vertebral tenderness at the T6-T7 level with no evidence of scoliosis or kyphosis, and no evidence of peripheral edema. She is intact from a neurologic standpoint. Significant laboratory data include a serum glucose level of 294 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 68 mg/dL; creatinine, 1.75 mg/dL; glomerular filtration rate, 30 mL/min; B-type natriuretic peptide, 984 pg/mL; and serum troponin, 0.11 ng/mL. An ECG is obtained that reveals the following: a ventricular rate of 62 beats/min; PR interval, 160 ms; QRS duration, 94 ms; QT/QTc interval, 404/410 ms; P ax-is, 84°; R axis, 151°; and T axis, 253°. What is your interpretation of this ECG?
