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Clinical question: How has inpatient antibiotic use changed in the United States in recent years?

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a result of inappropriate antibiotic use. Understanding antibiotic trends will help improve antibiotic stewardship efforts.

Study design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: Adult and pediatric data from 300 acute-care hospitals, 2006-2012.

Synopsis: Weighted extrapolation of data from a database was used to estimate national antibiotic use. Overall, 55.1% of discharged patients received antibiotics. The rate of antibiotic use was 755/1,000 patient-days over the study period. The small increase in antibiotic use over the years (5.6 days of therapy/1,000 patient-days increase; 95% CI, –18.9 to 30.1; P = .65) was not statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the use of aminoglycosides, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide, metronidazole, and penicillins. The use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, glycopeptides, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, carbapenems, and tetracyclines has increased significantly.

Limitations of the study include underrepresentation of pediatric hospitals and certain geographic regions.

Bottom line: Antibiotic-use rates have not changed during 2006-2012. However, broad-spectrum antibiotic use has increased significantly.

Citation: Baggs J, Fridkin SK, Pollack LA, Srinivasan A, Jernigan JA. Estimating national trends in inpatient antibiotic use among US hospitals from 2006 to 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(11):1639-1648.

Dr. Menon is an assistant professor at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and a hospitalist at University of Miami Hospital and Jackson Memorial Hospital.

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Clinical question: How has inpatient antibiotic use changed in the United States in recent years?

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a result of inappropriate antibiotic use. Understanding antibiotic trends will help improve antibiotic stewardship efforts.

Study design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: Adult and pediatric data from 300 acute-care hospitals, 2006-2012.

Synopsis: Weighted extrapolation of data from a database was used to estimate national antibiotic use. Overall, 55.1% of discharged patients received antibiotics. The rate of antibiotic use was 755/1,000 patient-days over the study period. The small increase in antibiotic use over the years (5.6 days of therapy/1,000 patient-days increase; 95% CI, –18.9 to 30.1; P = .65) was not statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the use of aminoglycosides, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide, metronidazole, and penicillins. The use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, glycopeptides, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, carbapenems, and tetracyclines has increased significantly.

Limitations of the study include underrepresentation of pediatric hospitals and certain geographic regions.

Bottom line: Antibiotic-use rates have not changed during 2006-2012. However, broad-spectrum antibiotic use has increased significantly.

Citation: Baggs J, Fridkin SK, Pollack LA, Srinivasan A, Jernigan JA. Estimating national trends in inpatient antibiotic use among US hospitals from 2006 to 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(11):1639-1648.

Dr. Menon is an assistant professor at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and a hospitalist at University of Miami Hospital and Jackson Memorial Hospital.

Clinical question: How has inpatient antibiotic use changed in the United States in recent years?

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a result of inappropriate antibiotic use. Understanding antibiotic trends will help improve antibiotic stewardship efforts.

Study design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: Adult and pediatric data from 300 acute-care hospitals, 2006-2012.

Synopsis: Weighted extrapolation of data from a database was used to estimate national antibiotic use. Overall, 55.1% of discharged patients received antibiotics. The rate of antibiotic use was 755/1,000 patient-days over the study period. The small increase in antibiotic use over the years (5.6 days of therapy/1,000 patient-days increase; 95% CI, –18.9 to 30.1; P = .65) was not statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the use of aminoglycosides, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide, metronidazole, and penicillins. The use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, glycopeptides, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, carbapenems, and tetracyclines has increased significantly.

Limitations of the study include underrepresentation of pediatric hospitals and certain geographic regions.

Bottom line: Antibiotic-use rates have not changed during 2006-2012. However, broad-spectrum antibiotic use has increased significantly.

Citation: Baggs J, Fridkin SK, Pollack LA, Srinivasan A, Jernigan JA. Estimating national trends in inpatient antibiotic use among US hospitals from 2006 to 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(11):1639-1648.

Dr. Menon is an assistant professor at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and a hospitalist at University of Miami Hospital and Jackson Memorial Hospital.

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