Article Type
Changed
Mon, 10/04/2021 - 14:46

Although any adverse event from an elective procedure is reasonably considered a bad outcome, some adverse events associated with cosmetic filler injections risk being catastrophic if not promptly addressed, according to an expert explaining the signs of an impending disaster at the Skin of Color Update 2021.

Dr. Hassan Galadari

The most serious of the adverse events stem from vascular compromise, which is often signaled immediately by sharp pain and blanching of the skin, according to Hassan Galadari, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at the United Arab Emirates University, Dubai.

“Swift and aggressive treatment is required to avoid irreversible changes,” said Dr. Galadari, warning that blindness and vision impairment can be permanent, and that other events associated with vascular compromise include stroke and other types of embolism, as well as tissue necrosis.

To be swift, Dr. Galadari advised an immediate halt of injections and then a series of steps to abort the vascular insult. The goal is to encourage blood flow to prevent clotting and dissipate the filler.

“Massage the area like crazy. Keep on massaging. The more you massage the better. You are recruiting blood into that area so it remains viable,” Dr. Galadari said.
 

Hyaluronidase injections helpful

Warm compresses should also be applied for periods ranging from 5 minutes up to an hour, he added. In patients treated with hyaluronic acid, he also commonly introduces hyaluronidase injections of 200-500 IU diluted in lidocaine or saline. The injections are placed 2-3 cm apart and repeated every hour until signs and symptoms improve.

“Flush all of the filler out,” he said, emphasizing the urgency for reversing risk of vascular adverse events.

To sustain blood flow and avoid clots, he also recommends initiating aspirin with maintenance doses sustained over several days. Sildenafil to further improve conditions of blood perfusion can be “considered.”



The risks of vascular compromise, like other complications from filler injections, are low, but they are not zero, and the opportunity to prevent irreversible changes depends on acting quickly, according to Dr. Galadari.

“To prevent embolism, recognize the danger zones,” he advised, identifying the glabella region as the site of highest risk. The risk of vascular compromise from injections into the nasal region is lower but higher than injections of the nasolabial fold and forehead, which are associated with a relatively low risk.

Slow injections reduce risks

Some basic strategies he recommended for preventing vascular compromise included slow injections while keeping pressure low and using small volumes of filler per shot. Fractionated treatment and microdroplet techniques can be appropriate depending on the site of injection.

“Delivery of the filler by cannulas rather than by needles is preferable,” according to Dr. Galadari, who noted that a task force from the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery recently endorsed this approach as part of other recommendations to avoid complications of injectable fillers.

The Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database suggests that adverse events of any substantial severity from filler injections, not just those involving vascular compromise, occur at a rate of 1 per 3,600 cases. However, MAUDE is a passive surveillance system dependent on reports provided by clinicians and others, so this event rate might be an underrepresentation.

In the MAUDE database, complication rates are listed for each of the available filler products and show a variation in rates not just overall but also for each of the major types of complications, which include skin-specific complications such as nodules, discoloration, and inflammation, as well as neurologic adverse events, infection, and vascular compromise, Dr. Galadari reported.
 

 

 

Filler products are not interchangeable

Again, because of passive data collection, it is not clear whether the differences between products is a true representation of relative risk. Nevertheless, Dr. Galadari cautioned that these products are not necessarily interchangeable, advising clinicians to avoid products without an established safety track record.

There are a wide variety of fillers, including biostimulatory products, such as poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite, and permanent fillers, such as silicone, in addition to collagen and hyaluronic acid, which function as temporary fillers, according to Dr. Galadari. He emphasized that the specific risks of each filler vary, but clinicians should always respond quickly whenever there is an adverse reaction or evidence of vascular compromise.

Dr. Cheryl Burgess

In flushing out filler, Cheryl M. Burgess, MD, of the Center for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Washington, who spoke at the meeting, also emphasized a prompt response. She too employs hyaluronidase injections to break down excess hyaluronic acid in the event of complications related to this filler.

Importantly, Dr. Burgess pointed out that hyaluronic acid can be considered safe for darker skin types, including Fitzpatrick skin types IV, V, and VI, but she added that speed of injection might be a particularly important variable for cosmetic procedures in skin of color.

“There is less postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with slower injection times and more with serial or multiple puncture injection technique,” she cautioned.

She further concurred with the value of cannulas over needles in most instances for facial contouring applications with filler, but she encouraged clinicians not to be overly ambitious and to move gradually toward goals.

“The desired outcome may require multiple sessions with conservative measures,” she said, indicating that conservative measures also represent a strategy to avoid adverse events.

Meeting/Event
Publications
Topics
Sections
Meeting/Event
Meeting/Event

Although any adverse event from an elective procedure is reasonably considered a bad outcome, some adverse events associated with cosmetic filler injections risk being catastrophic if not promptly addressed, according to an expert explaining the signs of an impending disaster at the Skin of Color Update 2021.

Dr. Hassan Galadari

The most serious of the adverse events stem from vascular compromise, which is often signaled immediately by sharp pain and blanching of the skin, according to Hassan Galadari, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at the United Arab Emirates University, Dubai.

“Swift and aggressive treatment is required to avoid irreversible changes,” said Dr. Galadari, warning that blindness and vision impairment can be permanent, and that other events associated with vascular compromise include stroke and other types of embolism, as well as tissue necrosis.

To be swift, Dr. Galadari advised an immediate halt of injections and then a series of steps to abort the vascular insult. The goal is to encourage blood flow to prevent clotting and dissipate the filler.

“Massage the area like crazy. Keep on massaging. The more you massage the better. You are recruiting blood into that area so it remains viable,” Dr. Galadari said.
 

Hyaluronidase injections helpful

Warm compresses should also be applied for periods ranging from 5 minutes up to an hour, he added. In patients treated with hyaluronic acid, he also commonly introduces hyaluronidase injections of 200-500 IU diluted in lidocaine or saline. The injections are placed 2-3 cm apart and repeated every hour until signs and symptoms improve.

“Flush all of the filler out,” he said, emphasizing the urgency for reversing risk of vascular adverse events.

To sustain blood flow and avoid clots, he also recommends initiating aspirin with maintenance doses sustained over several days. Sildenafil to further improve conditions of blood perfusion can be “considered.”



The risks of vascular compromise, like other complications from filler injections, are low, but they are not zero, and the opportunity to prevent irreversible changes depends on acting quickly, according to Dr. Galadari.

“To prevent embolism, recognize the danger zones,” he advised, identifying the glabella region as the site of highest risk. The risk of vascular compromise from injections into the nasal region is lower but higher than injections of the nasolabial fold and forehead, which are associated with a relatively low risk.

Slow injections reduce risks

Some basic strategies he recommended for preventing vascular compromise included slow injections while keeping pressure low and using small volumes of filler per shot. Fractionated treatment and microdroplet techniques can be appropriate depending on the site of injection.

“Delivery of the filler by cannulas rather than by needles is preferable,” according to Dr. Galadari, who noted that a task force from the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery recently endorsed this approach as part of other recommendations to avoid complications of injectable fillers.

The Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database suggests that adverse events of any substantial severity from filler injections, not just those involving vascular compromise, occur at a rate of 1 per 3,600 cases. However, MAUDE is a passive surveillance system dependent on reports provided by clinicians and others, so this event rate might be an underrepresentation.

In the MAUDE database, complication rates are listed for each of the available filler products and show a variation in rates not just overall but also for each of the major types of complications, which include skin-specific complications such as nodules, discoloration, and inflammation, as well as neurologic adverse events, infection, and vascular compromise, Dr. Galadari reported.
 

 

 

Filler products are not interchangeable

Again, because of passive data collection, it is not clear whether the differences between products is a true representation of relative risk. Nevertheless, Dr. Galadari cautioned that these products are not necessarily interchangeable, advising clinicians to avoid products without an established safety track record.

There are a wide variety of fillers, including biostimulatory products, such as poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite, and permanent fillers, such as silicone, in addition to collagen and hyaluronic acid, which function as temporary fillers, according to Dr. Galadari. He emphasized that the specific risks of each filler vary, but clinicians should always respond quickly whenever there is an adverse reaction or evidence of vascular compromise.

Dr. Cheryl Burgess

In flushing out filler, Cheryl M. Burgess, MD, of the Center for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Washington, who spoke at the meeting, also emphasized a prompt response. She too employs hyaluronidase injections to break down excess hyaluronic acid in the event of complications related to this filler.

Importantly, Dr. Burgess pointed out that hyaluronic acid can be considered safe for darker skin types, including Fitzpatrick skin types IV, V, and VI, but she added that speed of injection might be a particularly important variable for cosmetic procedures in skin of color.

“There is less postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with slower injection times and more with serial or multiple puncture injection technique,” she cautioned.

She further concurred with the value of cannulas over needles in most instances for facial contouring applications with filler, but she encouraged clinicians not to be overly ambitious and to move gradually toward goals.

“The desired outcome may require multiple sessions with conservative measures,” she said, indicating that conservative measures also represent a strategy to avoid adverse events.

Although any adverse event from an elective procedure is reasonably considered a bad outcome, some adverse events associated with cosmetic filler injections risk being catastrophic if not promptly addressed, according to an expert explaining the signs of an impending disaster at the Skin of Color Update 2021.

Dr. Hassan Galadari

The most serious of the adverse events stem from vascular compromise, which is often signaled immediately by sharp pain and blanching of the skin, according to Hassan Galadari, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at the United Arab Emirates University, Dubai.

“Swift and aggressive treatment is required to avoid irreversible changes,” said Dr. Galadari, warning that blindness and vision impairment can be permanent, and that other events associated with vascular compromise include stroke and other types of embolism, as well as tissue necrosis.

To be swift, Dr. Galadari advised an immediate halt of injections and then a series of steps to abort the vascular insult. The goal is to encourage blood flow to prevent clotting and dissipate the filler.

“Massage the area like crazy. Keep on massaging. The more you massage the better. You are recruiting blood into that area so it remains viable,” Dr. Galadari said.
 

Hyaluronidase injections helpful

Warm compresses should also be applied for periods ranging from 5 minutes up to an hour, he added. In patients treated with hyaluronic acid, he also commonly introduces hyaluronidase injections of 200-500 IU diluted in lidocaine or saline. The injections are placed 2-3 cm apart and repeated every hour until signs and symptoms improve.

“Flush all of the filler out,” he said, emphasizing the urgency for reversing risk of vascular adverse events.

To sustain blood flow and avoid clots, he also recommends initiating aspirin with maintenance doses sustained over several days. Sildenafil to further improve conditions of blood perfusion can be “considered.”



The risks of vascular compromise, like other complications from filler injections, are low, but they are not zero, and the opportunity to prevent irreversible changes depends on acting quickly, according to Dr. Galadari.

“To prevent embolism, recognize the danger zones,” he advised, identifying the glabella region as the site of highest risk. The risk of vascular compromise from injections into the nasal region is lower but higher than injections of the nasolabial fold and forehead, which are associated with a relatively low risk.

Slow injections reduce risks

Some basic strategies he recommended for preventing vascular compromise included slow injections while keeping pressure low and using small volumes of filler per shot. Fractionated treatment and microdroplet techniques can be appropriate depending on the site of injection.

“Delivery of the filler by cannulas rather than by needles is preferable,” according to Dr. Galadari, who noted that a task force from the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery recently endorsed this approach as part of other recommendations to avoid complications of injectable fillers.

The Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database suggests that adverse events of any substantial severity from filler injections, not just those involving vascular compromise, occur at a rate of 1 per 3,600 cases. However, MAUDE is a passive surveillance system dependent on reports provided by clinicians and others, so this event rate might be an underrepresentation.

In the MAUDE database, complication rates are listed for each of the available filler products and show a variation in rates not just overall but also for each of the major types of complications, which include skin-specific complications such as nodules, discoloration, and inflammation, as well as neurologic adverse events, infection, and vascular compromise, Dr. Galadari reported.
 

 

 

Filler products are not interchangeable

Again, because of passive data collection, it is not clear whether the differences between products is a true representation of relative risk. Nevertheless, Dr. Galadari cautioned that these products are not necessarily interchangeable, advising clinicians to avoid products without an established safety track record.

There are a wide variety of fillers, including biostimulatory products, such as poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite, and permanent fillers, such as silicone, in addition to collagen and hyaluronic acid, which function as temporary fillers, according to Dr. Galadari. He emphasized that the specific risks of each filler vary, but clinicians should always respond quickly whenever there is an adverse reaction or evidence of vascular compromise.

Dr. Cheryl Burgess

In flushing out filler, Cheryl M. Burgess, MD, of the Center for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Washington, who spoke at the meeting, also emphasized a prompt response. She too employs hyaluronidase injections to break down excess hyaluronic acid in the event of complications related to this filler.

Importantly, Dr. Burgess pointed out that hyaluronic acid can be considered safe for darker skin types, including Fitzpatrick skin types IV, V, and VI, but she added that speed of injection might be a particularly important variable for cosmetic procedures in skin of color.

“There is less postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with slower injection times and more with serial or multiple puncture injection technique,” she cautioned.

She further concurred with the value of cannulas over needles in most instances for facial contouring applications with filler, but she encouraged clinicians not to be overly ambitious and to move gradually toward goals.

“The desired outcome may require multiple sessions with conservative measures,” she said, indicating that conservative measures also represent a strategy to avoid adverse events.

Publications
Publications
Topics
Article Type
Sections
Article Source

FROM SOC 2021

Disallow All Ads
Content Gating
No Gating (article Unlocked/Free)
Alternative CME
Disqus Comments
Default
Use ProPublica
Hide sidebar & use full width
render the right sidebar.
Conference Recap Checkbox
Not Conference Recap
Clinical Edge
Display the Slideshow in this Article
Medscape Article
Display survey writer
Reuters content
Disable Inline Native ads
WebMD Article