Key clinical point: Normal fetal lung and liver elasticity values elucidated using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) are valid and repeatable for a probe-region of interest distance of ≤8 cm and demonstrate the histological modifications of both the organs during gestation.

Major finding: Fetal liver elasticity increased significantly from 3.86 kPa at 24 weeks of gestation (WG) to 4.45 kPa at 39 WG (P < .01). Fetal lung elasticity increased from 4.12 kPa to 5.03 kPa between 24 and 32 WG (P < .002), after which it gradually declined to 4.54 kPa at 36 WG and 3.94 kPa at 39 WG.

Study details: The data come from a prospective, observational, multicenter study that included 72 singleton pregnant women at 24 ±1  WG who underwent 2D-SWE at 28, 32, 36, and 39 WG ± 1 week.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the University Hospital of Besançon, France. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Nallet C et al. Prenatal quantification of human foetal lung and liver elasticities between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation using 2D shear wave elastography. Eur Radiol. 2022 (Mar 10). Doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08654-1

Key clinical point: Normal fetal lung and liver elasticity values elucidated using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) are valid and repeatable for a probe-region of interest distance of ≤8 cm and demonstrate the histological modifications of both the organs during gestation.

Major finding: Fetal liver elasticity increased significantly from 3.86 kPa at 24 weeks of gestation (WG) to 4.45 kPa at 39 WG (P < .01). Fetal lung elasticity increased from 4.12 kPa to 5.03 kPa between 24 and 32 WG (P < .002), after which it gradually declined to 4.54 kPa at 36 WG and 3.94 kPa at 39 WG.

Study details: The data come from a prospective, observational, multicenter study that included 72 singleton pregnant women at 24 ±1  WG who underwent 2D-SWE at 28, 32, 36, and 39 WG ± 1 week.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the University Hospital of Besançon, France. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Nallet C et al. Prenatal quantification of human foetal lung and liver elasticities between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation using 2D shear wave elastography. Eur Radiol. 2022 (Mar 10). Doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08654-1

Key clinical point: Normal fetal lung and liver elasticity values elucidated using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) are valid and repeatable for a probe-region of interest distance of ≤8 cm and demonstrate the histological modifications of both the organs during gestation.

Major finding: Fetal liver elasticity increased significantly from 3.86 kPa at 24 weeks of gestation (WG) to 4.45 kPa at 39 WG (P < .01). Fetal lung elasticity increased from 4.12 kPa to 5.03 kPa between 24 and 32 WG (P < .002), after which it gradually declined to 4.54 kPa at 36 WG and 3.94 kPa at 39 WG.

Study details: The data come from a prospective, observational, multicenter study that included 72 singleton pregnant women at 24 ±1  WG who underwent 2D-SWE at 28, 32, 36, and 39 WG ± 1 week.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the University Hospital of Besançon, France. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Nallet C et al. Prenatal quantification of human foetal lung and liver elasticities between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation using 2D shear wave elastography. Eur Radiol. 2022 (Mar 10). Doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08654-1

Key clinical point: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging could supplement routine ultrasound monitoring to noninvasively differentiate between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and false-positive SGA (fpSGA) pregnancies.

Major finding: Compared with the control and fpSGA groups, the SGA group had significantly lower mean values of the diffusion coefficient (D; P < .001 and P = .004, respectively), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*; P = .001 and P = .012, respectively), and perfusion fraction (f; both P < .001). The mean values of D (P = .347), D* (P = .404), and f (P = .880) were similar between the control and fpSGA groups.

Study details: This was a prospective study including 75 singleton pregnant women at >28 weeks of gestation with suspected SGA or nonspecific ultrasonographic soft markers, of which 28, 20, and 27 were assigned to the non-SGA control, fpSGA, and SGA groups, respectively.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China. No conflicts of interest were reported.

Source: He J et al. Utility of placental diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of small for gestational age infants and pregnancy outcome prediction. Placenta. 2022;121:91-98 (Mar 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.010

Key clinical point: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging could supplement routine ultrasound monitoring to noninvasively differentiate between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and false-positive SGA (fpSGA) pregnancies.

Major finding: Compared with the control and fpSGA groups, the SGA group had significantly lower mean values of the diffusion coefficient (D; P < .001 and P = .004, respectively), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*; P = .001 and P = .012, respectively), and perfusion fraction (f; both P < .001). The mean values of D (P = .347), D* (P = .404), and f (P = .880) were similar between the control and fpSGA groups.

Study details: This was a prospective study including 75 singleton pregnant women at >28 weeks of gestation with suspected SGA or nonspecific ultrasonographic soft markers, of which 28, 20, and 27 were assigned to the non-SGA control, fpSGA, and SGA groups, respectively.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China. No conflicts of interest were reported.

Source: He J et al. Utility of placental diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of small for gestational age infants and pregnancy outcome prediction. Placenta. 2022;121:91-98 (Mar 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.010

Key clinical point: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging could supplement routine ultrasound monitoring to noninvasively differentiate between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and false-positive SGA (fpSGA) pregnancies.

Major finding: Compared with the control and fpSGA groups, the SGA group had significantly lower mean values of the diffusion coefficient (D; P < .001 and P = .004, respectively), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*; P = .001 and P = .012, respectively), and perfusion fraction (f; both P < .001). The mean values of D (P = .347), D* (P = .404), and f (P = .880) were similar between the control and fpSGA groups.

Study details: This was a prospective study including 75 singleton pregnant women at >28 weeks of gestation with suspected SGA or nonspecific ultrasonographic soft markers, of which 28, 20, and 27 were assigned to the non-SGA control, fpSGA, and SGA groups, respectively.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China. No conflicts of interest were reported.

Source: He J et al. Utility of placental diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal diagnosis of small for gestational age infants and pregnancy outcome prediction. Placenta. 2022;121:91-98 (Mar 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.010

Key clinical point: The frequency of short-burst and burst uterine electromyography signals is higher in midtrimester pregnant women with a cervical length (CL) <2.5 cm, thus elucidating the biophysiological basis for midtrimester cervical shortening that may be used to predict preterm birth.

Major finding: Women with a short vs. normal CL showed significantly higher median percentages of short-bursts (17.3% vs. 2.5%; P = .001) and bursts (6.6% vs. 0%; P = .014).

Study details: Findings are from a prospective cohort study including 28 women with a singleton non-anomalous pregnancy between 16 weeks 0 days and 22 weeks 6 days of gestation, of which 10 and 18 women had a CL of ≥3 cm (normal) and <2.5 cm (short), respectively.

Disclosures: The study was funded by PreTeL, Inc. RC Young declared being the founder of PreTeL.

Source: Marinescu PS et al. Mid-trimester uterine electromyography in patients with a short cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 (Mar 26). Doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.046

Key clinical point: The frequency of short-burst and burst uterine electromyography signals is higher in midtrimester pregnant women with a cervical length (CL) <2.5 cm, thus elucidating the biophysiological basis for midtrimester cervical shortening that may be used to predict preterm birth.

Major finding: Women with a short vs. normal CL showed significantly higher median percentages of short-bursts (17.3% vs. 2.5%; P = .001) and bursts (6.6% vs. 0%; P = .014).

Study details: Findings are from a prospective cohort study including 28 women with a singleton non-anomalous pregnancy between 16 weeks 0 days and 22 weeks 6 days of gestation, of which 10 and 18 women had a CL of ≥3 cm (normal) and <2.5 cm (short), respectively.

Disclosures: The study was funded by PreTeL, Inc. RC Young declared being the founder of PreTeL.

Source: Marinescu PS et al. Mid-trimester uterine electromyography in patients with a short cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 (Mar 26). Doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.046

Key clinical point: The frequency of short-burst and burst uterine electromyography signals is higher in midtrimester pregnant women with a cervical length (CL) <2.5 cm, thus elucidating the biophysiological basis for midtrimester cervical shortening that may be used to predict preterm birth.

Major finding: Women with a short vs. normal CL showed significantly higher median percentages of short-bursts (17.3% vs. 2.5%; P = .001) and bursts (6.6% vs. 0%; P = .014).

Study details: Findings are from a prospective cohort study including 28 women with a singleton non-anomalous pregnancy between 16 weeks 0 days and 22 weeks 6 days of gestation, of which 10 and 18 women had a CL of ≥3 cm (normal) and <2.5 cm (short), respectively.

Disclosures: The study was funded by PreTeL, Inc. RC Young declared being the founder of PreTeL.

Source: Marinescu PS et al. Mid-trimester uterine electromyography in patients with a short cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 (Mar 26). Doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.046

Key clinical point: High circulating D-dimer levels are a risk factor for mortality and venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The meta-analysis showed that high vs. low circulating D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95% CI 1.39-1.88). Additionally, the external validation cohort demonstrated that elevated D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for overall mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13-1.72) and VTE events (HR 3.98; P = .002).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 19 cohort studies (n = 5819) and an external validation cohort (n = 540).

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province, China, and the Project of Hygiene and Health Committee of Jiangsu Province, China. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Li J et al. Circulating D-dimers increase the risk of mortality and venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer: A systematic analysis combined with external validation. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:853941 (Mar 2). Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.853941

Key clinical point: High circulating D-dimer levels are a risk factor for mortality and venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The meta-analysis showed that high vs. low circulating D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95% CI 1.39-1.88). Additionally, the external validation cohort demonstrated that elevated D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for overall mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13-1.72) and VTE events (HR 3.98; P = .002).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 19 cohort studies (n = 5819) and an external validation cohort (n = 540).

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province, China, and the Project of Hygiene and Health Committee of Jiangsu Province, China. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Li J et al. Circulating D-dimers increase the risk of mortality and venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer: A systematic analysis combined with external validation. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:853941 (Mar 2). Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.853941

Key clinical point: High circulating D-dimer levels are a risk factor for mortality and venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The meta-analysis showed that high vs. low circulating D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95% CI 1.39-1.88). Additionally, the external validation cohort demonstrated that elevated D-dimer levels were associated with a higher risk for overall mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13-1.72) and VTE events (HR 3.98; P = .002).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 19 cohort studies (n = 5819) and an external validation cohort (n = 540).

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province, China, and the Project of Hygiene and Health Committee of Jiangsu Province, China. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Li J et al. Circulating D-dimers increase the risk of mortality and venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer: A systematic analysis combined with external validation. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:853941 (Mar 2). Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.853941

Key clinical point: Addition of an antiangiogenic drug to second-line therapy may boost overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The antiangiogenic drug plus second-line therapy vs. second-line therapy alone improved OS by 7% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93; P = .005) and PFS by 20% (HR 0.80; P < .0001). The antiangiogenic group had a greater frequency of grade ≥3 toxicity.

Study details: The findings come from a patient data meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials including 8629 participants.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any external funding. R Herbst, M Reck, EB Garon, GV Scagliotti, R Ramlau, N Hanna, J Vansteenkiste, K Yoh, HJM Groen, JV Heymach, and RS Heist were authors for some of the individual trials included in the meta-analysis. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Remon J et al. ANtiangiogenic Second-line Lung cancer Meta-Analysis on individual patient data in non-small cell lung cancer: ANSELMA. Eur J Cancer. 2022;166:112-125 (Mar 11). Doi:  10.1016/j.ejca.2022.02.002

Key clinical point: Addition of an antiangiogenic drug to second-line therapy may boost overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The antiangiogenic drug plus second-line therapy vs. second-line therapy alone improved OS by 7% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93; P = .005) and PFS by 20% (HR 0.80; P < .0001). The antiangiogenic group had a greater frequency of grade ≥3 toxicity.

Study details: The findings come from a patient data meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials including 8629 participants.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any external funding. R Herbst, M Reck, EB Garon, GV Scagliotti, R Ramlau, N Hanna, J Vansteenkiste, K Yoh, HJM Groen, JV Heymach, and RS Heist were authors for some of the individual trials included in the meta-analysis. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Remon J et al. ANtiangiogenic Second-line Lung cancer Meta-Analysis on individual patient data in non-small cell lung cancer: ANSELMA. Eur J Cancer. 2022;166:112-125 (Mar 11). Doi:  10.1016/j.ejca.2022.02.002

Key clinical point: Addition of an antiangiogenic drug to second-line therapy may boost overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The antiangiogenic drug plus second-line therapy vs. second-line therapy alone improved OS by 7% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93; P = .005) and PFS by 20% (HR 0.80; P < .0001). The antiangiogenic group had a greater frequency of grade ≥3 toxicity.

Study details: The findings come from a patient data meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials including 8629 participants.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any external funding. R Herbst, M Reck, EB Garon, GV Scagliotti, R Ramlau, N Hanna, J Vansteenkiste, K Yoh, HJM Groen, JV Heymach, and RS Heist were authors for some of the individual trials included in the meta-analysis. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Remon J et al. ANtiangiogenic Second-line Lung cancer Meta-Analysis on individual patient data in non-small cell lung cancer: ANSELMA. Eur J Cancer. 2022;166:112-125 (Mar 11). Doi:  10.1016/j.ejca.2022.02.002

Key clinical point: Patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ICI-chemo) have better overall survival (OS) than those receiving first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (bev-chemo).

Major finding: Patients who received first-line ICI-chemo had a 21% longer OS than those who received bev-chemo (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.94). There were no differences between the 2 groups in progression-free survival, objective response rate, and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events.

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials including 6561 patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

Disclosures: No funding information was available. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Zhai J et al. First-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Med. 2022 (Mar 22). Doi: 10.1002/cam4.4589

Key clinical point: Patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ICI-chemo) have better overall survival (OS) than those receiving first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (bev-chemo).

Major finding: Patients who received first-line ICI-chemo had a 21% longer OS than those who received bev-chemo (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.94). There were no differences between the 2 groups in progression-free survival, objective response rate, and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events.

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials including 6561 patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

Disclosures: No funding information was available. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Zhai J et al. First-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Med. 2022 (Mar 22). Doi: 10.1002/cam4.4589

Key clinical point: Patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ICI-chemo) have better overall survival (OS) than those receiving first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (bev-chemo).

Major finding: Patients who received first-line ICI-chemo had a 21% longer OS than those who received bev-chemo (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.94). There were no differences between the 2 groups in progression-free survival, objective response rate, and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events.

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials including 6561 patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

Disclosures: No funding information was available. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Zhai J et al. First-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Med. 2022 (Mar 22). Doi: 10.1002/cam4.4589

Key clinical point: Platinum-doublet chemotherapy as the second-line treatment may offer an overall survival (OS) advantage over cytotoxic chemotherapy without platinum in relapsed patients with unresectable stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The platinum group had a longer survival than the nonplatinum group (median OS 21.5 vs. 10.5 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.54; P < .001). The platinum group also had longer survival than the nonplatinum group, when assessed from the beginning of chemoradiotherapy (median OS 34.9 vs. 21.8 months; HR 0.58; P = .001).

Study details: The data come from a retrospective cohort study that included 320 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC from a Japanese lung cancer registry.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy, Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Association for Chest Surgery, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Japan Lung Cancer Society. E Miyawaki, K Takahashi, E Miyaoka, I Yoshino, and H Date did not report any disclosures. The other authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Miyawaki E et al. Efficacy of platinum agents for stage III non–small-cell lung cancer following platinum-based chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:342 (Mar 29). Doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09441-3

Key clinical point: Platinum-doublet chemotherapy as the second-line treatment may offer an overall survival (OS) advantage over cytotoxic chemotherapy without platinum in relapsed patients with unresectable stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The platinum group had a longer survival than the nonplatinum group (median OS 21.5 vs. 10.5 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.54; P < .001). The platinum group also had longer survival than the nonplatinum group, when assessed from the beginning of chemoradiotherapy (median OS 34.9 vs. 21.8 months; HR 0.58; P = .001).

Study details: The data come from a retrospective cohort study that included 320 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC from a Japanese lung cancer registry.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy, Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Association for Chest Surgery, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Japan Lung Cancer Society. E Miyawaki, K Takahashi, E Miyaoka, I Yoshino, and H Date did not report any disclosures. The other authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Miyawaki E et al. Efficacy of platinum agents for stage III non–small-cell lung cancer following platinum-based chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:342 (Mar 29). Doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09441-3

Key clinical point: Platinum-doublet chemotherapy as the second-line treatment may offer an overall survival (OS) advantage over cytotoxic chemotherapy without platinum in relapsed patients with unresectable stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: The platinum group had a longer survival than the nonplatinum group (median OS 21.5 vs. 10.5 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.54; P < .001). The platinum group also had longer survival than the nonplatinum group, when assessed from the beginning of chemoradiotherapy (median OS 34.9 vs. 21.8 months; HR 0.58; P = .001).

Study details: The data come from a retrospective cohort study that included 320 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC from a Japanese lung cancer registry.

Disclosures: The study was funded by the Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy, Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Association for Chest Surgery, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Japan Lung Cancer Society. E Miyawaki, K Takahashi, E Miyaoka, I Yoshino, and H Date did not report any disclosures. The other authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Miyawaki E et al. Efficacy of platinum agents for stage III non–small-cell lung cancer following platinum-based chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 2022;22:342 (Mar 29). Doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09441-3

Key clinical point: A Japanese real-world study found no overall survival (OS) benefit with adjuvant tegafur-uracil (UFT) chemotherapy compared with no chemotherapy in patients with completely resected stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: There was no significant difference in OS between the UFT and no chemotherapy groups (multivariate analysis: P = .3285; univariate analysis: P = .7554), with the exception of a subgroup with a tumor size of >3 cm and without ground-glass attenuation who benefitted from UFT (univariate analysis: hazard ratio 0.71; log-rank P = .0414).

Study details: In a real-world observational cohort study, patients treated with adjuvant UFT (n = 1549) were compared with those treated without any adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3338).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Taiho Pharmaceutical. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Taiho.

Source: Shukuya T et al. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil in patients with completely resected, node-negative non-small cell lung cancer – real-world data in the era of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Apr 6). Doi:  10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100320

Key clinical point: A Japanese real-world study found no overall survival (OS) benefit with adjuvant tegafur-uracil (UFT) chemotherapy compared with no chemotherapy in patients with completely resected stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: There was no significant difference in OS between the UFT and no chemotherapy groups (multivariate analysis: P = .3285; univariate analysis: P = .7554), with the exception of a subgroup with a tumor size of >3 cm and without ground-glass attenuation who benefitted from UFT (univariate analysis: hazard ratio 0.71; log-rank P = .0414).

Study details: In a real-world observational cohort study, patients treated with adjuvant UFT (n = 1549) were compared with those treated without any adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3338).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Taiho Pharmaceutical. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Taiho.

Source: Shukuya T et al. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil in patients with completely resected, node-negative non-small cell lung cancer – real-world data in the era of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Apr 6). Doi:  10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100320

Key clinical point: A Japanese real-world study found no overall survival (OS) benefit with adjuvant tegafur-uracil (UFT) chemotherapy compared with no chemotherapy in patients with completely resected stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: There was no significant difference in OS between the UFT and no chemotherapy groups (multivariate analysis: P = .3285; univariate analysis: P = .7554), with the exception of a subgroup with a tumor size of >3 cm and without ground-glass attenuation who benefitted from UFT (univariate analysis: hazard ratio 0.71; log-rank P = .0414).

Study details: In a real-world observational cohort study, patients treated with adjuvant UFT (n = 1549) were compared with those treated without any adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3338).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Taiho Pharmaceutical. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Taiho.

Source: Shukuya T et al. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil in patients with completely resected, node-negative non-small cell lung cancer – real-world data in the era of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Apr 6). Doi:  10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100320

Key clinical point: Patients with lung cancer have a high prevalence of frailty, which significantly increases the risk for mortality compared with nonfrail patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The prevalence of frailty in patients with lung cancer was 45% (95% CI 28%-61%). Frailty vs. no frailty in patients with lung cancer was associated with a 3-fold higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 3.02; P < .001).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 16 studies including 4183 patients with lung cancer (mean age 65-80.75 years).

Disclosures: The study received no funding. L Bencivenga reported receiving research grants from multiple organizations. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Komici K et al. Frailty in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2022 (Feb 22). Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.027

Key clinical point: Patients with lung cancer have a high prevalence of frailty, which significantly increases the risk for mortality compared with nonfrail patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The prevalence of frailty in patients with lung cancer was 45% (95% CI 28%-61%). Frailty vs. no frailty in patients with lung cancer was associated with a 3-fold higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 3.02; P < .001).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 16 studies including 4183 patients with lung cancer (mean age 65-80.75 years).

Disclosures: The study received no funding. L Bencivenga reported receiving research grants from multiple organizations. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Komici K et al. Frailty in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2022 (Feb 22). Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.027

Key clinical point: Patients with lung cancer have a high prevalence of frailty, which significantly increases the risk for mortality compared with nonfrail patients with lung cancer.

Major finding: The prevalence of frailty in patients with lung cancer was 45% (95% CI 28%-61%). Frailty vs. no frailty in patients with lung cancer was associated with a 3-fold higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 3.02; P < .001).

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 16 studies including 4183 patients with lung cancer (mean age 65-80.75 years).

Disclosures: The study received no funding. L Bencivenga reported receiving research grants from multiple organizations. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Komici K et al. Frailty in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2022 (Feb 22). Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.027

Key clinical point: Adjuvant pembrolizumab boosts disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection.

Major finding: DFS was 53.6 months in the pembrolizumab group vs. 42.0 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.76; P = .0014). The DFS benefit was generally consistent across patients with programmed death ligand-1 tumor proportion score of <1%, 1%-49%, and ≥50%.

Study details: The data come from an interim analysis of the phase 3 PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 trial, in which 1177 adults with stage IB, II, or IIIA NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg pembrolizumab (n = 590) or placebo (n = 587) every 3 weeks.

Disclosures: The trial was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. L Paz-Ares, MER O’Brien, U Dafni, K Oselin, D Isla, A Martinez-Marti, M Faehling, M Tsuboi, K Nakagawa, J Yang, SM Keller, RA Stahel, S Peters, and B Besse reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Merck Sharp & Dohme. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Paz-Ares L et al. VP3-2022: Pembrolizumab (pembro) versus placebo for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy (chemo) when indicated: Randomized, triple-blind, phase III EORTC-1416-LCG/ETOP 8-15 – PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 study. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(4):451-453 (Mar 17). Doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.224

Key clinical point: Adjuvant pembrolizumab boosts disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection.

Major finding: DFS was 53.6 months in the pembrolizumab group vs. 42.0 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.76; P = .0014). The DFS benefit was generally consistent across patients with programmed death ligand-1 tumor proportion score of <1%, 1%-49%, and ≥50%.

Study details: The data come from an interim analysis of the phase 3 PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 trial, in which 1177 adults with stage IB, II, or IIIA NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg pembrolizumab (n = 590) or placebo (n = 587) every 3 weeks.

Disclosures: The trial was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. L Paz-Ares, MER O’Brien, U Dafni, K Oselin, D Isla, A Martinez-Marti, M Faehling, M Tsuboi, K Nakagawa, J Yang, SM Keller, RA Stahel, S Peters, and B Besse reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Merck Sharp & Dohme. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Paz-Ares L et al. VP3-2022: Pembrolizumab (pembro) versus placebo for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy (chemo) when indicated: Randomized, triple-blind, phase III EORTC-1416-LCG/ETOP 8-15 – PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 study. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(4):451-453 (Mar 17). Doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.224

Key clinical point: Adjuvant pembrolizumab boosts disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection.

Major finding: DFS was 53.6 months in the pembrolizumab group vs. 42.0 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.76; P = .0014). The DFS benefit was generally consistent across patients with programmed death ligand-1 tumor proportion score of <1%, 1%-49%, and ≥50%.

Study details: The data come from an interim analysis of the phase 3 PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 trial, in which 1177 adults with stage IB, II, or IIIA NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg pembrolizumab (n = 590) or placebo (n = 587) every 3 weeks.

Disclosures: The trial was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. L Paz-Ares, MER O’Brien, U Dafni, K Oselin, D Isla, A Martinez-Marti, M Faehling, M Tsuboi, K Nakagawa, J Yang, SM Keller, RA Stahel, S Peters, and B Besse reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including Merck Sharp & Dohme. The other authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Source: Paz-Ares L et al. VP3-2022: Pembrolizumab (pembro) versus placebo for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy (chemo) when indicated: Randomized, triple-blind, phase III EORTC-1416-LCG/ETOP 8-15 – PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091 study. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(4):451-453 (Mar 17). Doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.224