ITP after COVID-19 Vaccination at the Salisbury VA Healthcare System: Case Studies

Article Type
Changed
Thu, 12/15/2022 - 14:36

Background

An association between vaccines and the rare development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported in the literature. More recently, there have been a few case reports published describing patients developing ITP shortly after COVID- 19 vaccination, but this has not been reported specifically in the Veteran population. The SVAHCS has three cases of Veterans diagnosed with new or relapsed ITP within two months of receiving the second COVID-19 vaccine (all Pfizer brand). The treatment(s) and current outcome for each patient is summarized below.

Case Reports

Case 1 is a 78-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/10/21. Patient was diagnosed with ITP 4/27/21, hospitalized multiple times and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper, rituximab IV weekly and romiplostim injections. Currently, patient has a thrombocytosis and romiplostim injections are on hold. Case 2 is a 90-yearold male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 3/16/21. Patient was diagnosed on 5/3/21 and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper and rituximab IV weekly. Platelet count is currently normal. Case 3 is a 75-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/1/21. He has a history of ITP diagnosed 12/12/14 that has been well controlled with weekly romiplostim injections until 4/9/21. Patient was hospitalized and treated with pulse dexamethasone and prednisone taper. Upon discharge, therapy was changed from romiplostim to fostamatinib. Currently, platelet count recovered and is stable.

 

Conclusions

The two Veterans with de novo ITP exhibited resistant disease and had prolonged treatment courses, taking approximately a month to recover their platelet counts. In contrast, the Veteran with relapsed ITP exhibited a faster recovery period of approximately two weeks. In the safety trials conducted for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, participants received vaccination or placebo and had a follow-up for an average of two months which may explain why ITP was not reported as a possible association until after marketing. After treating the above cases, the SVAHCS plans to use thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) earlier in the treatment of ITP that may be associated with the COVID-19 vaccine as this has recently been recommended in case reports from the general population.

Author and Disclosure Information

W.G.(Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center

Issue
Federal Practitioner - 38(4)s
Publications
Topics
Page Number
S7
Sections
Author and Disclosure Information

W.G.(Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center

Author and Disclosure Information

W.G.(Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center

Background

An association between vaccines and the rare development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported in the literature. More recently, there have been a few case reports published describing patients developing ITP shortly after COVID- 19 vaccination, but this has not been reported specifically in the Veteran population. The SVAHCS has three cases of Veterans diagnosed with new or relapsed ITP within two months of receiving the second COVID-19 vaccine (all Pfizer brand). The treatment(s) and current outcome for each patient is summarized below.

Case Reports

Case 1 is a 78-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/10/21. Patient was diagnosed with ITP 4/27/21, hospitalized multiple times and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper, rituximab IV weekly and romiplostim injections. Currently, patient has a thrombocytosis and romiplostim injections are on hold. Case 2 is a 90-yearold male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 3/16/21. Patient was diagnosed on 5/3/21 and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper and rituximab IV weekly. Platelet count is currently normal. Case 3 is a 75-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/1/21. He has a history of ITP diagnosed 12/12/14 that has been well controlled with weekly romiplostim injections until 4/9/21. Patient was hospitalized and treated with pulse dexamethasone and prednisone taper. Upon discharge, therapy was changed from romiplostim to fostamatinib. Currently, platelet count recovered and is stable.

 

Conclusions

The two Veterans with de novo ITP exhibited resistant disease and had prolonged treatment courses, taking approximately a month to recover their platelet counts. In contrast, the Veteran with relapsed ITP exhibited a faster recovery period of approximately two weeks. In the safety trials conducted for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, participants received vaccination or placebo and had a follow-up for an average of two months which may explain why ITP was not reported as a possible association until after marketing. After treating the above cases, the SVAHCS plans to use thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) earlier in the treatment of ITP that may be associated with the COVID-19 vaccine as this has recently been recommended in case reports from the general population.

Background

An association between vaccines and the rare development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported in the literature. More recently, there have been a few case reports published describing patients developing ITP shortly after COVID- 19 vaccination, but this has not been reported specifically in the Veteran population. The SVAHCS has three cases of Veterans diagnosed with new or relapsed ITP within two months of receiving the second COVID-19 vaccine (all Pfizer brand). The treatment(s) and current outcome for each patient is summarized below.

Case Reports

Case 1 is a 78-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/10/21. Patient was diagnosed with ITP 4/27/21, hospitalized multiple times and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper, rituximab IV weekly and romiplostim injections. Currently, patient has a thrombocytosis and romiplostim injections are on hold. Case 2 is a 90-yearold male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 3/16/21. Patient was diagnosed on 5/3/21 and treated with pulse dexamethasone, prednisone taper and rituximab IV weekly. Platelet count is currently normal. Case 3 is a 75-year-old male Veteran who received his second COVID-19 vaccine on 2/1/21. He has a history of ITP diagnosed 12/12/14 that has been well controlled with weekly romiplostim injections until 4/9/21. Patient was hospitalized and treated with pulse dexamethasone and prednisone taper. Upon discharge, therapy was changed from romiplostim to fostamatinib. Currently, platelet count recovered and is stable.

 

Conclusions

The two Veterans with de novo ITP exhibited resistant disease and had prolonged treatment courses, taking approximately a month to recover their platelet counts. In contrast, the Veteran with relapsed ITP exhibited a faster recovery period of approximately two weeks. In the safety trials conducted for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, participants received vaccination or placebo and had a follow-up for an average of two months which may explain why ITP was not reported as a possible association until after marketing. After treating the above cases, the SVAHCS plans to use thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) earlier in the treatment of ITP that may be associated with the COVID-19 vaccine as this has recently been recommended in case reports from the general population.

Issue
Federal Practitioner - 38(4)s
Issue
Federal Practitioner - 38(4)s
Page Number
S7
Page Number
S7
Publications
Publications
Topics
Article Type
Sections
Disallow All Ads
Content Gating
No Gating (article Unlocked/Free)
Alternative CME
Disqus Comments
Default
Gate On Date
Fri, 09/10/2021 - 10:15
Un-Gate On Date
Fri, 09/10/2021 - 10:15
Use ProPublica
CFC Schedule Remove Status
Fri, 09/10/2021 - 10:15
Hide sidebar & use full width
render the right sidebar.
Conference Recap Checkbox
Not Conference Recap
Clinical Edge
Display the Slideshow in this Article
Medscape Article
Display survey writer
Reuters content
Disable Inline Native ads
WebMD Article