AML

Key clinical point: Enasidenib was associated with superior overall survival (OS) compared to standard of care (SoC) therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutation who were ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Enasidenib vs. SoC was associated with a significantly longer OS (hazard ratio 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.97).

Study details: Findings are from a propensity score-matching analysis including adult patients with R/R AML with an IDH2 mutation ineligible for HSCT treated with enasidenib (n=195) from the AG221 C-001 trial or SoC therapies (n=78) from the French Chart Review study.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored and funded by Bristol Myers Squibb Some investigators, including the lead author, reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies, including Bristol Myers Squibb.

Source: de Botton S et al. Cancer Med. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4182.

Key clinical point: Enasidenib was associated with superior overall survival (OS) compared to standard of care (SoC) therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutation who were ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Enasidenib vs. SoC was associated with a significantly longer OS (hazard ratio 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.97).

Study details: Findings are from a propensity score-matching analysis including adult patients with R/R AML with an IDH2 mutation ineligible for HSCT treated with enasidenib (n=195) from the AG221 C-001 trial or SoC therapies (n=78) from the French Chart Review study.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored and funded by Bristol Myers Squibb Some investigators, including the lead author, reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies, including Bristol Myers Squibb.

Source: de Botton S et al. Cancer Med. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4182.

Key clinical point: Enasidenib was associated with superior overall survival (OS) compared to standard of care (SoC) therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutation who were ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Enasidenib vs. SoC was associated with a significantly longer OS (hazard ratio 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.97).

Study details: Findings are from a propensity score-matching analysis including adult patients with R/R AML with an IDH2 mutation ineligible for HSCT treated with enasidenib (n=195) from the AG221 C-001 trial or SoC therapies (n=78) from the French Chart Review study.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored and funded by Bristol Myers Squibb Some investigators, including the lead author, reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies, including Bristol Myers Squibb.

Source: de Botton S et al. Cancer Med. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4182.

Key clinical point: The administration of decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy did not significantly improve outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were unfit or chose not to receive intensive induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: The median overall survival (5.9 months vs. 5.7 months; P = .8902) and rates of complete remission (16.6% vs. 10.8%; P = .1468) were not significantly different in patients receiving decitabine plus sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy.

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SEAMLESS trial including 482 elderly patients (age, 70 years or older) with newly diagnosed AML unsuitable or unwilling for intensive induction chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine or decitabine monotherapy.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Cyclacel Limited (Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom). The lead author reported research grants and honoraria from various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Cyclacel.

Source: Kantarjian HM et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 23. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33828.

Key clinical point: The administration of decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy did not significantly improve outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were unfit or chose not to receive intensive induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: The median overall survival (5.9 months vs. 5.7 months; P = .8902) and rates of complete remission (16.6% vs. 10.8%; P = .1468) were not significantly different in patients receiving decitabine plus sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy.

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SEAMLESS trial including 482 elderly patients (age, 70 years or older) with newly diagnosed AML unsuitable or unwilling for intensive induction chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine or decitabine monotherapy.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Cyclacel Limited (Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom). The lead author reported research grants and honoraria from various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Cyclacel.

Source: Kantarjian HM et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 23. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33828.

Key clinical point: The administration of decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy did not significantly improve outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were unfit or chose not to receive intensive induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: The median overall survival (5.9 months vs. 5.7 months; P = .8902) and rates of complete remission (16.6% vs. 10.8%; P = .1468) were not significantly different in patients receiving decitabine plus sapacitabine vs. decitabine monotherapy.

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SEAMLESS trial including 482 elderly patients (age, 70 years or older) with newly diagnosed AML unsuitable or unwilling for intensive induction chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either decitabine in alternating cycles with sapacitabine or decitabine monotherapy.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Cyclacel Limited (Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom). The lead author reported research grants and honoraria from various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Cyclacel.

Source: Kantarjian HM et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 23. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33828.

Of the 50 patients enrolled, 90%, 8% and 2% had newly diagnosed AML, myelodysplastic syndrome and mixed phenotype acute leukemia respectively. Overall, 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-98%) had a composite complete response and 82% (95% CI, 68%-92%) achieved measurable residual disease negativity. At 12 months, the rates of duration of response, overall survival, and event-free survival were 74% (95% CI, 60%-92%), 85% (95% CI, 75%-97%), and 68% (95% CI, 54%-85%), respectively. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were febrile neutropenia (84%), infection (12%), and alanine aminotransferase elevations (12%). Only one patient had a p53 mutation and that patient did not respond.  Another study by Alwash et al, demonstrated that 15% of patients acquire a TP53 mutation during AML therapy.

The poor prognosis of patients with a p53 ,mutation was also seen in a retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML treated with 10-day decitabine + venetoclax (DEC10-VEN). Of the 118 patients, 35 had a TP53 mutation. Complete remission/complete remission with incomplete count recovery (57% vs 775), and overall response was better for patients without vs with a TP53 mutation. In addition, overall survival was dismal (5.2 months) for patients with TP53 mutation vs those without (19.4 months).

This study reiterates the need for newer therapies for this group of  patients with a TP53 mutation (Kim K et al). The overall outcome of patients treated with DEC10-VEN was  better compared to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in patients with relapsed refractory AML. This was evaluated in a retrospective study assessing the outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) a vs IC-based regimen (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis. Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Of the 50 patients enrolled, 90%, 8% and 2% had newly diagnosed AML, myelodysplastic syndrome and mixed phenotype acute leukemia respectively. Overall, 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-98%) had a composite complete response and 82% (95% CI, 68%-92%) achieved measurable residual disease negativity. At 12 months, the rates of duration of response, overall survival, and event-free survival were 74% (95% CI, 60%-92%), 85% (95% CI, 75%-97%), and 68% (95% CI, 54%-85%), respectively. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were febrile neutropenia (84%), infection (12%), and alanine aminotransferase elevations (12%). Only one patient had a p53 mutation and that patient did not respond.  Another study by Alwash et al, demonstrated that 15% of patients acquire a TP53 mutation during AML therapy.

The poor prognosis of patients with a p53 ,mutation was also seen in a retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML treated with 10-day decitabine + venetoclax (DEC10-VEN). Of the 118 patients, 35 had a TP53 mutation. Complete remission/complete remission with incomplete count recovery (57% vs 775), and overall response was better for patients without vs with a TP53 mutation. In addition, overall survival was dismal (5.2 months) for patients with TP53 mutation vs those without (19.4 months).

This study reiterates the need for newer therapies for this group of  patients with a TP53 mutation (Kim K et al). The overall outcome of patients treated with DEC10-VEN was  better compared to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in patients with relapsed refractory AML. This was evaluated in a retrospective study assessing the outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) a vs IC-based regimen (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis. Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Of the 50 patients enrolled, 90%, 8% and 2% had newly diagnosed AML, myelodysplastic syndrome and mixed phenotype acute leukemia respectively. Overall, 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-98%) had a composite complete response and 82% (95% CI, 68%-92%) achieved measurable residual disease negativity. At 12 months, the rates of duration of response, overall survival, and event-free survival were 74% (95% CI, 60%-92%), 85% (95% CI, 75%-97%), and 68% (95% CI, 54%-85%), respectively. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were febrile neutropenia (84%), infection (12%), and alanine aminotransferase elevations (12%). Only one patient had a p53 mutation and that patient did not respond.  Another study by Alwash et al, demonstrated that 15% of patients acquire a TP53 mutation during AML therapy.

The poor prognosis of patients with a p53 ,mutation was also seen in a retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML treated with 10-day decitabine + venetoclax (DEC10-VEN). Of the 118 patients, 35 had a TP53 mutation. Complete remission/complete remission with incomplete count recovery (57% vs 775), and overall response was better for patients without vs with a TP53 mutation. In addition, overall survival was dismal (5.2 months) for patients with TP53 mutation vs those without (19.4 months).

This study reiterates the need for newer therapies for this group of  patients with a TP53 mutation (Kim K et al). The overall outcome of patients treated with DEC10-VEN was  better compared to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in patients with relapsed refractory AML. This was evaluated in a retrospective study assessing the outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) a vs IC-based regimen (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis. Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Key clinical point: Presence of SRSF2 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) did not affect clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Overall, 12.5% of patients harbored an SRSF2 mutation that persisted in 93% of analyzed patients in remission prior to HSCT. SRSF2 P95 mutation at diagnosis and HSCT did not affect the cumulative incidence of relapse (both P = .68), event-free survival (P = .40 and P = .80, respectively), or overall survival (P = .10 and P = .90, respectively) in patients with AML consolidated with HSCT in complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral recovery.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 263 adult patients with AML who underwent allogeneic HSCT between May 2000 and August 2020.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the Deutsche José-Carreras-Stiftung, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin, Verein zusammen gegen den Krebs e.V., and Ein Herz für Kinder e.V. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Grimm J et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26298.

Key clinical point: Presence of SRSF2 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) did not affect clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Overall, 12.5% of patients harbored an SRSF2 mutation that persisted in 93% of analyzed patients in remission prior to HSCT. SRSF2 P95 mutation at diagnosis and HSCT did not affect the cumulative incidence of relapse (both P = .68), event-free survival (P = .40 and P = .80, respectively), or overall survival (P = .10 and P = .90, respectively) in patients with AML consolidated with HSCT in complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral recovery.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 263 adult patients with AML who underwent allogeneic HSCT between May 2000 and August 2020.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the Deutsche José-Carreras-Stiftung, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin, Verein zusammen gegen den Krebs e.V., and Ein Herz für Kinder e.V. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Grimm J et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26298.

Key clinical point: Presence of SRSF2 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) did not affect clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Major finding: Overall, 12.5% of patients harbored an SRSF2 mutation that persisted in 93% of analyzed patients in remission prior to HSCT. SRSF2 P95 mutation at diagnosis and HSCT did not affect the cumulative incidence of relapse (both P = .68), event-free survival (P = .40 and P = .80, respectively), or overall survival (P = .10 and P = .90, respectively) in patients with AML consolidated with HSCT in complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral recovery.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 263 adult patients with AML who underwent allogeneic HSCT between May 2000 and August 2020.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the Deutsche José-Carreras-Stiftung, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin, Verein zusammen gegen den Krebs e.V., and Ein Herz für Kinder e.V. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Grimm J et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Jul 21. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26298.

Key clinical point: New tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations could be acquired during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, particularly after intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in a proportion of patients with TP53 wild-type AML. Thus, sequential monitoring for emergent TP53 mutations during AML therapy may have clinical relevance.

Major finding: Overall, 15% of patients developed a newly detectable TP53 mutation during AML therapy, with a median variant allele frequency of 15%. Newly detected TP53 mutations were frequent in patients receiving intensive vs low-intensity chemotherapy (23% vs 10%; P = .02) and those who underwent HSCT vs those who did not (36% vs 12%; P = .005).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 200 adult patients with newly diagnosed TP53 wild-type AML who relapsed after or were refractory to frontline therapy.

Disclosures: This study was supported by MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant and SPORE. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Alwash Y et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Aug 5. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26314.

Key clinical point: New tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations could be acquired during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, particularly after intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in a proportion of patients with TP53 wild-type AML. Thus, sequential monitoring for emergent TP53 mutations during AML therapy may have clinical relevance.

Major finding: Overall, 15% of patients developed a newly detectable TP53 mutation during AML therapy, with a median variant allele frequency of 15%. Newly detected TP53 mutations were frequent in patients receiving intensive vs low-intensity chemotherapy (23% vs 10%; P = .02) and those who underwent HSCT vs those who did not (36% vs 12%; P = .005).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 200 adult patients with newly diagnosed TP53 wild-type AML who relapsed after or were refractory to frontline therapy.

Disclosures: This study was supported by MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant and SPORE. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Alwash Y et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Aug 5. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26314.

Key clinical point: New tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations could be acquired during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, particularly after intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in a proportion of patients with TP53 wild-type AML. Thus, sequential monitoring for emergent TP53 mutations during AML therapy may have clinical relevance.

Major finding: Overall, 15% of patients developed a newly detectable TP53 mutation during AML therapy, with a median variant allele frequency of 15%. Newly detected TP53 mutations were frequent in patients receiving intensive vs low-intensity chemotherapy (23% vs 10%; P = .02) and those who underwent HSCT vs those who did not (36% vs 12%; P = .005).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 200 adult patients with newly diagnosed TP53 wild-type AML who relapsed after or were refractory to frontline therapy.

Disclosures: This study was supported by MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant and SPORE. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Alwash Y et al. Am J Hematol. 2021 Aug 5. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26314.

Key clinical point: Among patients with core binding factor (CBF)-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in complete remission (CR), pretransplant measurable residual disease (MRD) predicts posttransplant outcomes differently in patients with t(8;21) and those with inv(16).

Major finding: Pretransplant MRD negativity was associated with lower relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P less than .001), overall mortality (HR, 0.72; P = .037), and treatment failure (HR, 0.66; P = .004) among patients with t(8;21) AML but not those with inv(16) AML (all P > .05).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 959 patients with CBF-AML with either t(8;21) AML (n=631) or inv(16) AML (n=328) who underwent first allo-HCT in CR between 2000 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported partly by the Practical Research Project for Allergic Diseases and Immunology from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Konuma T et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jul 16. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01409-4.

Key clinical point: Among patients with core binding factor (CBF)-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in complete remission (CR), pretransplant measurable residual disease (MRD) predicts posttransplant outcomes differently in patients with t(8;21) and those with inv(16).

Major finding: Pretransplant MRD negativity was associated with lower relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P less than .001), overall mortality (HR, 0.72; P = .037), and treatment failure (HR, 0.66; P = .004) among patients with t(8;21) AML but not those with inv(16) AML (all P > .05).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 959 patients with CBF-AML with either t(8;21) AML (n=631) or inv(16) AML (n=328) who underwent first allo-HCT in CR between 2000 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported partly by the Practical Research Project for Allergic Diseases and Immunology from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Konuma T et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jul 16. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01409-4.

Key clinical point: Among patients with core binding factor (CBF)-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in complete remission (CR), pretransplant measurable residual disease (MRD) predicts posttransplant outcomes differently in patients with t(8;21) and those with inv(16).

Major finding: Pretransplant MRD negativity was associated with lower relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P less than .001), overall mortality (HR, 0.72; P = .037), and treatment failure (HR, 0.66; P = .004) among patients with t(8;21) AML but not those with inv(16) AML (all P > .05).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 959 patients with CBF-AML with either t(8;21) AML (n=631) or inv(16) AML (n=328) who underwent first allo-HCT in CR between 2000 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported partly by the Practical Research Project for Allergic Diseases and Immunology from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Konuma T et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jul 16. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01409-4.

Key clinical point: Fluid overload (FO) associated with increased administration of crystalloid fluids affected survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy. Weight-adjusted prescription of crystalloid fluids may reduce the risk for FO in this patient population.

Major finding: FO was observed in 12.3% of patients with AML. Patients receiving more than 100 mL crystalloid fluids/kg body weight were at a higher risk for FO (odds ratio, 2.78; P = .033). Patients with FO had inferior 90-day survival vs those without FO (P = .0044).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 187 adult patients with AML receiving induction chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Ballo O et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 25. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04593-x.

Key clinical point: Fluid overload (FO) associated with increased administration of crystalloid fluids affected survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy. Weight-adjusted prescription of crystalloid fluids may reduce the risk for FO in this patient population.

Major finding: FO was observed in 12.3% of patients with AML. Patients receiving more than 100 mL crystalloid fluids/kg body weight were at a higher risk for FO (odds ratio, 2.78; P = .033). Patients with FO had inferior 90-day survival vs those without FO (P = .0044).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 187 adult patients with AML receiving induction chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Ballo O et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 25. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04593-x.

Key clinical point: Fluid overload (FO) associated with increased administration of crystalloid fluids affected survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy. Weight-adjusted prescription of crystalloid fluids may reduce the risk for FO in this patient population.

Major finding: FO was observed in 12.3% of patients with AML. Patients receiving more than 100 mL crystalloid fluids/kg body weight were at a higher risk for FO (odds ratio, 2.78; P = .033). Patients with FO had inferior 90-day survival vs those without FO (P = .0044).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 187 adult patients with AML receiving induction chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Ballo O et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 25. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04593-x.

Key clinical point: Among patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), high-intensity chemotherapy followed by cell therapy (CT), such as second allo-SCT or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), led to improved survival vs other treatment options.

Major finding: Overall survival at 1 year was significantly higher in patients receiving high-intensity chemotherapy prior to CT (52.9%) vs high-intensity chemotherapy alone (10%), low-intensity chemotherapy alone (5%), and low-intensity chemotherapy followed by CT (23.1%; P <  .001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 69 patients with AML who relapsed following allo-SCT between January 2014 and August 2019 (n=172). Relapsed patients received either second allo-SCT (n=4), DLI (n=26), chemotherapy alone (n=31), or no treatment (n=8).

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Shah N et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04616-7.

Key clinical point: Among patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), high-intensity chemotherapy followed by cell therapy (CT), such as second allo-SCT or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), led to improved survival vs other treatment options.

Major finding: Overall survival at 1 year was significantly higher in patients receiving high-intensity chemotherapy prior to CT (52.9%) vs high-intensity chemotherapy alone (10%), low-intensity chemotherapy alone (5%), and low-intensity chemotherapy followed by CT (23.1%; P <  .001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 69 patients with AML who relapsed following allo-SCT between January 2014 and August 2019 (n=172). Relapsed patients received either second allo-SCT (n=4), DLI (n=26), chemotherapy alone (n=31), or no treatment (n=8).

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Shah N et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04616-7.

Key clinical point: Among patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), high-intensity chemotherapy followed by cell therapy (CT), such as second allo-SCT or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), led to improved survival vs other treatment options.

Major finding: Overall survival at 1 year was significantly higher in patients receiving high-intensity chemotherapy prior to CT (52.9%) vs high-intensity chemotherapy alone (10%), low-intensity chemotherapy alone (5%), and low-intensity chemotherapy followed by CT (23.1%; P <  .001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 69 patients with AML who relapsed following allo-SCT between January 2014 and August 2019 (n=172). Relapsed patients received either second allo-SCT (n=4), DLI (n=26), chemotherapy alone (n=31), or no treatment (n=8).

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Shah N et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04616-7.

Key clinical point: Induction chemotherapy (IC) with intermediate-dosed cytarabine (ID-AraC) followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was an effective treatment strategy in patients with secondary or treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: The median overall survival (OS) and event-free survival of the whole cohort were 15 (range, 0-234) months and 11 (range, 0-234) months, respectively. Complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery was achieved in 62.7% of patients receiving ID-AraC. Patients who underwent allo-HSCT after IC showed better OS vs those without allo-HSCT (46 months vs 9 months; P less than .0001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 110 patients with secondary (AML following myelodysplastic syndrome [n=65], chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [n=15], or myeloproliferative syndrome [n=7]) or treatment-related (n=23) AML. Patients were treated with IC consisting of ID-AraC in combination with either idarubicin or mitoxantrone.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Fleischmann M et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul 23. doi: 10.1007/s00432-021-03733-0.

Key clinical point: Induction chemotherapy (IC) with intermediate-dosed cytarabine (ID-AraC) followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was an effective treatment strategy in patients with secondary or treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: The median overall survival (OS) and event-free survival of the whole cohort were 15 (range, 0-234) months and 11 (range, 0-234) months, respectively. Complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery was achieved in 62.7% of patients receiving ID-AraC. Patients who underwent allo-HSCT after IC showed better OS vs those without allo-HSCT (46 months vs 9 months; P less than .0001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 110 patients with secondary (AML following myelodysplastic syndrome [n=65], chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [n=15], or myeloproliferative syndrome [n=7]) or treatment-related (n=23) AML. Patients were treated with IC consisting of ID-AraC in combination with either idarubicin or mitoxantrone.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Fleischmann M et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul 23. doi: 10.1007/s00432-021-03733-0.

Key clinical point: Induction chemotherapy (IC) with intermediate-dosed cytarabine (ID-AraC) followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was an effective treatment strategy in patients with secondary or treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: The median overall survival (OS) and event-free survival of the whole cohort were 15 (range, 0-234) months and 11 (range, 0-234) months, respectively. Complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery was achieved in 62.7% of patients receiving ID-AraC. Patients who underwent allo-HSCT after IC showed better OS vs those without allo-HSCT (46 months vs 9 months; P less than .0001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 110 patients with secondary (AML following myelodysplastic syndrome [n=65], chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [n=15], or myeloproliferative syndrome [n=7]) or treatment-related (n=23) AML. Patients were treated with IC consisting of ID-AraC in combination with either idarubicin or mitoxantrone.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Fleischmann M et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021 Jul 23. doi: 10.1007/s00432-021-03733-0.

Key clinical point: Ten-day regimen of decitabine with venetoclax (DEC10-VEN) may represent a potential option for salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), offering superior responses and survival vs intensive chemotherapy (IC)-based regimens.

Major finding: Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Study details: This retrospective study assessed outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) in a phase 2 trial vs IC-based regimens (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Maiti A et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 3. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33814.

Key clinical point: Ten-day regimen of decitabine with venetoclax (DEC10-VEN) may represent a potential option for salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), offering superior responses and survival vs intensive chemotherapy (IC)-based regimens.

Major finding: Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Study details: This retrospective study assessed outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) in a phase 2 trial vs IC-based regimens (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Maiti A et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 3. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33814.

Key clinical point: Ten-day regimen of decitabine with venetoclax (DEC10-VEN) may represent a potential option for salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), offering superior responses and survival vs intensive chemotherapy (IC)-based regimens.

Major finding: Patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC had superior overall response rate (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), minimal residual disease negativity (OR, 2.48; P = .017), event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.56; P = .008). Rates of refractory disease (OR, 0.46; P = .011) and 60-day mortality (OR, 0.40; P = .029) were significantly lower in patients receiving DEC10-VEN vs IC.

Study details: This retrospective study assessed outcomes of adult patients with R/R AML treated with DEC10-VEN (n=65) in a phase 2 trial vs IC-based regimens (n=130) using propensity score-matched analysis.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Maiti A et al. Cancer. 2021 Aug 3. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33814.