AML

Key clinical point: A myeloablative conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine, a myeloablative dose of intravenous busulfan, and melphalan (Flu/Bu4/Mel) vs conventional myeloablative conditioning regimen (cMAC) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in improved prognosis in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in non-remission.

Major finding: Flu/Bu4/Mel vs cMAC resulted in significantly improved 5-year overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.57; P = .015), relapse (aHR, 0.64; P = .031), and relapse-associated mortality (aHR, 0.64; P = .043).

Study details: This study assessed the prognostic impact of Flu/Bu4/Mel (n=94) vs cMAC (n=94) in 188 adult patients with R/R AML in non-remission.

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Shimomura Y et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jun 21. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01380-0.

Key clinical point: A myeloablative conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine, a myeloablative dose of intravenous busulfan, and melphalan (Flu/Bu4/Mel) vs conventional myeloablative conditioning regimen (cMAC) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in improved prognosis in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in non-remission.

Major finding: Flu/Bu4/Mel vs cMAC resulted in significantly improved 5-year overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.57; P = .015), relapse (aHR, 0.64; P = .031), and relapse-associated mortality (aHR, 0.64; P = .043).

Study details: This study assessed the prognostic impact of Flu/Bu4/Mel (n=94) vs cMAC (n=94) in 188 adult patients with R/R AML in non-remission.

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Shimomura Y et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jun 21. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01380-0.

Key clinical point: A myeloablative conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine, a myeloablative dose of intravenous busulfan, and melphalan (Flu/Bu4/Mel) vs conventional myeloablative conditioning regimen (cMAC) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in improved prognosis in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in non-remission.

Major finding: Flu/Bu4/Mel vs cMAC resulted in significantly improved 5-year overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.57; P = .015), relapse (aHR, 0.64; P = .031), and relapse-associated mortality (aHR, 0.64; P = .043).

Study details: This study assessed the prognostic impact of Flu/Bu4/Mel (n=94) vs cMAC (n=94) in 188 adult patients with R/R AML in non-remission.

Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Shimomura Y et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 Jun 21. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01380-0.

Key clinical point: Romyelocel-L plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) vs G-CSF monotherapy led to a significant reduction in the incidence of infections and length of hospitalization in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: From days 15 to 28, romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy significantly reduced the mean duration of febrile episodes (2.36 days vs 3.90 days; P = .02) and incidence of infections (6.8% vs 27.9%; P = .0013). Length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy group (25.5 days vs 28.7 days; P = .002).

Study details: This phase 2 study included 163 patients with de novo AML receiving induction chemotherapy. Evaluable patients (n=120) were randomly assigned to receive either romyelocel-L plus G-CSF (n=59) or G-CSF monotherapy (n=61).

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Desai PM et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jun 22. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01739.

Key clinical point: Romyelocel-L plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) vs G-CSF monotherapy led to a significant reduction in the incidence of infections and length of hospitalization in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: From days 15 to 28, romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy significantly reduced the mean duration of febrile episodes (2.36 days vs 3.90 days; P = .02) and incidence of infections (6.8% vs 27.9%; P = .0013). Length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy group (25.5 days vs 28.7 days; P = .002).

Study details: This phase 2 study included 163 patients with de novo AML receiving induction chemotherapy. Evaluable patients (n=120) were randomly assigned to receive either romyelocel-L plus G-CSF (n=59) or G-CSF monotherapy (n=61).

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Desai PM et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jun 22. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01739.

Key clinical point: Romyelocel-L plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) vs G-CSF monotherapy led to a significant reduction in the incidence of infections and length of hospitalization in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving induction chemotherapy.

Major finding: From days 15 to 28, romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy significantly reduced the mean duration of febrile episodes (2.36 days vs 3.90 days; P = .02) and incidence of infections (6.8% vs 27.9%; P = .0013). Length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the romyelocel-L plus G-CSF vs G-CSF monotherapy group (25.5 days vs 28.7 days; P = .002).

Study details: This phase 2 study included 163 patients with de novo AML receiving induction chemotherapy. Evaluable patients (n=120) were randomly assigned to receive either romyelocel-L plus G-CSF (n=59) or G-CSF monotherapy (n=61).

Disclosures: This study was supported by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority. Some investigators including the lead author reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies.

Source: Desai PM et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jun 22. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01739.

Key clinical point: Clinical therapeutic decisions based on dynamic measurable residual disease (MRD) may improve therapy stratification and optimize post-remission treatment with either chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), or allogeneic SCT (allo-SCT) in patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: In patients with persistent MRD-negative after 1, 2, or 3 chemotherapy cycles, chemotherapy (P = .03) and auto-SCT (P = .01) vs allo-SCT improved graft-vs-host-disease-free, relapse-free survival. Allo-SCT led to favorable outcomes among patients with persistent MRD-positive or MRD-negative after 3 chemotherapy courses and those with recurrent MRD-positive after MRD-negative. Patients who were MRD-negative after 2 chemotherapy cycles had better leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and relapse with auto-SCT vs allo-SCT and chemotherapy (all P less than .05).

Study details: Findings are from 549 patients with intermediate-risk AML treated with either chemotherapy, auto-SCT or allo-SCT after the first complete remission.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Projects, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yu S et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 7. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15991.

Key clinical point: Clinical therapeutic decisions based on dynamic measurable residual disease (MRD) may improve therapy stratification and optimize post-remission treatment with either chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), or allogeneic SCT (allo-SCT) in patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: In patients with persistent MRD-negative after 1, 2, or 3 chemotherapy cycles, chemotherapy (P = .03) and auto-SCT (P = .01) vs allo-SCT improved graft-vs-host-disease-free, relapse-free survival. Allo-SCT led to favorable outcomes among patients with persistent MRD-positive or MRD-negative after 3 chemotherapy courses and those with recurrent MRD-positive after MRD-negative. Patients who were MRD-negative after 2 chemotherapy cycles had better leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and relapse with auto-SCT vs allo-SCT and chemotherapy (all P less than .05).

Study details: Findings are from 549 patients with intermediate-risk AML treated with either chemotherapy, auto-SCT or allo-SCT after the first complete remission.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Projects, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yu S et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 7. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15991.

Key clinical point: Clinical therapeutic decisions based on dynamic measurable residual disease (MRD) may improve therapy stratification and optimize post-remission treatment with either chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), or allogeneic SCT (allo-SCT) in patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: In patients with persistent MRD-negative after 1, 2, or 3 chemotherapy cycles, chemotherapy (P = .03) and auto-SCT (P = .01) vs allo-SCT improved graft-vs-host-disease-free, relapse-free survival. Allo-SCT led to favorable outcomes among patients with persistent MRD-positive or MRD-negative after 3 chemotherapy courses and those with recurrent MRD-positive after MRD-negative. Patients who were MRD-negative after 2 chemotherapy cycles had better leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and relapse with auto-SCT vs allo-SCT and chemotherapy (all P less than .05).

Study details: Findings are from 549 patients with intermediate-risk AML treated with either chemotherapy, auto-SCT or allo-SCT after the first complete remission.

Disclosures: This study was funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Projects, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yu S et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 7. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15991.

Key clinical point: At 5 years of follow-up, a fixed combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351) vs standard chemotherapy with cytarabine for 7 days and daunorubicin for 3 days (7+3) improved overall survival (OS) in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Favorable difference in median OS in favor of CPX-351 vs 7+3 group was maintained (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.91). At 5 years, survival estimates were higher for CPX-351 vs 7+3 (18% [95% CI, 12%-25%] vs 8% [95% CI, 4%-13%]). Overall, 5% of deaths in both groups were considered related to the study treatment.

Study details: Findings are the final 5-year follow-up results of a phase 3 trial including 309 patients aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary AML. Patients were randomly assigned to either CPX-351 (n=153) or 7+3 chemotherapy (n=156).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The lead author reported consulting for various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

Source: Lancet JE et al. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jul. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00134-4.

Key clinical point: At 5 years of follow-up, a fixed combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351) vs standard chemotherapy with cytarabine for 7 days and daunorubicin for 3 days (7+3) improved overall survival (OS) in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Favorable difference in median OS in favor of CPX-351 vs 7+3 group was maintained (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.91). At 5 years, survival estimates were higher for CPX-351 vs 7+3 (18% [95% CI, 12%-25%] vs 8% [95% CI, 4%-13%]). Overall, 5% of deaths in both groups were considered related to the study treatment.

Study details: Findings are the final 5-year follow-up results of a phase 3 trial including 309 patients aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary AML. Patients were randomly assigned to either CPX-351 (n=153) or 7+3 chemotherapy (n=156).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The lead author reported consulting for various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

Source: Lancet JE et al. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jul. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00134-4.

Key clinical point: At 5 years of follow-up, a fixed combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351) vs standard chemotherapy with cytarabine for 7 days and daunorubicin for 3 days (7+3) improved overall survival (OS) in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Favorable difference in median OS in favor of CPX-351 vs 7+3 group was maintained (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.91). At 5 years, survival estimates were higher for CPX-351 vs 7+3 (18% [95% CI, 12%-25%] vs 8% [95% CI, 4%-13%]). Overall, 5% of deaths in both groups were considered related to the study treatment.

Study details: Findings are the final 5-year follow-up results of a phase 3 trial including 309 patients aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary AML. Patients were randomly assigned to either CPX-351 (n=153) or 7+3 chemotherapy (n=156).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The lead author reported consulting for various sources. Other authors reported ties with various pharmaceutical companies including Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

Source: Lancet JE et al. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jul. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00134-4.

Key clinical point: Cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12459419 predicts the rate of relapse in patients with nucleophosmin1 (NPM1)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO).

Major finding: Complete remission, event-free survival, and cumulative incidence of death were not significantly different between genotypes in the treatment arms. However, patients with c.41 C/C genotype for rs12459419 in the GO vs. standard arm showed significant improvement in relapse-free survival (P = .03) and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = .023).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 AMLSG 09-09 trial including 588 adult patients with NPM1-mutated AML who were eligible for intensive therapy. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with (n=273) or without (n=272) GO.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung e.V., German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Teich K et al. Haematologica. 2021 May 27. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278894.

Key clinical point: Cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12459419 predicts the rate of relapse in patients with nucleophosmin1 (NPM1)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO).

Major finding: Complete remission, event-free survival, and cumulative incidence of death were not significantly different between genotypes in the treatment arms. However, patients with c.41 C/C genotype for rs12459419 in the GO vs. standard arm showed significant improvement in relapse-free survival (P = .03) and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = .023).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 AMLSG 09-09 trial including 588 adult patients with NPM1-mutated AML who were eligible for intensive therapy. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with (n=273) or without (n=272) GO.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung e.V., German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Teich K et al. Haematologica. 2021 May 27. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278894.

Key clinical point: Cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12459419 predicts the rate of relapse in patients with nucleophosmin1 (NPM1)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO).

Major finding: Complete remission, event-free survival, and cumulative incidence of death were not significantly different between genotypes in the treatment arms. However, patients with c.41 C/C genotype for rs12459419 in the GO vs. standard arm showed significant improvement in relapse-free survival (P = .03) and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = .023).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 AMLSG 09-09 trial including 588 adult patients with NPM1-mutated AML who were eligible for intensive therapy. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with (n=273) or without (n=272) GO.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung e.V., German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Teich K et al. Haematologica. 2021 May 27. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278894.

Key clinical point: The detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has a prognostic value before and 1 month after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), depending on the conditioning intensity.

Major finding: In patients receiving myeloablative conditioning, pre-allo-HSCT NGS-MRD detection was associated with posttransplant relapse. Conversely, in patients receiving reduced intensity conditioning 1 month post-allo-HSCT, NGS-MRD was associated with posttransplant relapse (both P less than .001).

Study details: This study included 146 patients with AML who underwent allo-HSCT in complete remission between 2013 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Kim HJ et al. Blood Cancer J. 2021 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00500-9.

Key clinical point: The detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has a prognostic value before and 1 month after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), depending on the conditioning intensity.

Major finding: In patients receiving myeloablative conditioning, pre-allo-HSCT NGS-MRD detection was associated with posttransplant relapse. Conversely, in patients receiving reduced intensity conditioning 1 month post-allo-HSCT, NGS-MRD was associated with posttransplant relapse (both P less than .001).

Study details: This study included 146 patients with AML who underwent allo-HSCT in complete remission between 2013 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Kim HJ et al. Blood Cancer J. 2021 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00500-9.

Key clinical point: The detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has a prognostic value before and 1 month after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), depending on the conditioning intensity.

Major finding: In patients receiving myeloablative conditioning, pre-allo-HSCT NGS-MRD detection was associated with posttransplant relapse. Conversely, in patients receiving reduced intensity conditioning 1 month post-allo-HSCT, NGS-MRD was associated with posttransplant relapse (both P less than .001).

Study details: This study included 146 patients with AML who underwent allo-HSCT in complete remission between 2013 and 2018.

Disclosures: This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Kim HJ et al. Blood Cancer J. 2021 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00500-9.

Key clinical point: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) persisted after complete remission (CR) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and was resistant to consolidation and maintenance therapies, except for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, the presence of postremission CH did not affect clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Following induction chemotherapies, 48% of patients had post-CR CH, and it persisted in 91% of patients during and postremission chemotherapies, but disappeared in 95% of patients after allo-SCT. However, the risk for relapse (P = .174) and nonrelapse mortality (P = .827) was similar in patients with vs. without post-CR CH.

Study details: Findings are from assessment of 164 patients with AML who achieved morphological CR following induction chemotherapies.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, Welch Foundation, University of Texas System STARS Award, Lyda Hill Foundation, Charif Souki Cancer Research Fund, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sabin Family Foundation Fellowship, and various funding programs at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Tanaka T et al. Blood. 2021 Jun 3. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020010483.

Key clinical point: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) persisted after complete remission (CR) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and was resistant to consolidation and maintenance therapies, except for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, the presence of postremission CH did not affect clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Following induction chemotherapies, 48% of patients had post-CR CH, and it persisted in 91% of patients during and postremission chemotherapies, but disappeared in 95% of patients after allo-SCT. However, the risk for relapse (P = .174) and nonrelapse mortality (P = .827) was similar in patients with vs. without post-CR CH.

Study details: Findings are from assessment of 164 patients with AML who achieved morphological CR following induction chemotherapies.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, Welch Foundation, University of Texas System STARS Award, Lyda Hill Foundation, Charif Souki Cancer Research Fund, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sabin Family Foundation Fellowship, and various funding programs at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Tanaka T et al. Blood. 2021 Jun 3. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020010483.

Key clinical point: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) persisted after complete remission (CR) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and was resistant to consolidation and maintenance therapies, except for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, the presence of postremission CH did not affect clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Following induction chemotherapies, 48% of patients had post-CR CH, and it persisted in 91% of patients during and postremission chemotherapies, but disappeared in 95% of patients after allo-SCT. However, the risk for relapse (P = .174) and nonrelapse mortality (P = .827) was similar in patients with vs. without post-CR CH.

Study details: Findings are from assessment of 164 patients with AML who achieved morphological CR following induction chemotherapies.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, Welch Foundation, University of Texas System STARS Award, Lyda Hill Foundation, Charif Souki Cancer Research Fund, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sabin Family Foundation Fellowship, and various funding programs at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Tanaka T et al. Blood. 2021 Jun 3. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020010483.

Key clinical point: Increased accumulation of unconventional CD56⁻CD16⁺ natural killer (NK) cells in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Accumulation of CD56⁻CD16⁺ NK cells, representing up to 80.8% of total NK cells, was observed in 27.1% of patients with AML. Overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.13; P less than .001) and event-free survival (HR, 0.33; P less than .05) were significantly reduced in patients with high CD56⁻CD16⁺ vs. patients with conventional NK cell profile.

Study details: This study conducted deep phenotyping of NK cells using peripheral blood from 48 patients with newly diagnosed nonacute promyelocytic leukemia AML and 18 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Institut National du Cancer, Fondation de France, Sites de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer Marseille, Cancéropôle Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Groupement d’intérêt scientifique-Infrastructures pour la Biologie, la Santé et l’Agronomie, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chretien AS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 May 28. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020459118.

Key clinical point: Increased accumulation of unconventional CD56⁻CD16⁺ natural killer (NK) cells in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Accumulation of CD56⁻CD16⁺ NK cells, representing up to 80.8% of total NK cells, was observed in 27.1% of patients with AML. Overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.13; P less than .001) and event-free survival (HR, 0.33; P less than .05) were significantly reduced in patients with high CD56⁻CD16⁺ vs. patients with conventional NK cell profile.

Study details: This study conducted deep phenotyping of NK cells using peripheral blood from 48 patients with newly diagnosed nonacute promyelocytic leukemia AML and 18 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Institut National du Cancer, Fondation de France, Sites de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer Marseille, Cancéropôle Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Groupement d’intérêt scientifique-Infrastructures pour la Biologie, la Santé et l’Agronomie, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chretien AS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 May 28. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020459118.

Key clinical point: Increased accumulation of unconventional CD56⁻CD16⁺ natural killer (NK) cells in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Major finding: Accumulation of CD56⁻CD16⁺ NK cells, representing up to 80.8% of total NK cells, was observed in 27.1% of patients with AML. Overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.13; P less than .001) and event-free survival (HR, 0.33; P less than .05) were significantly reduced in patients with high CD56⁻CD16⁺ vs. patients with conventional NK cell profile.

Study details: This study conducted deep phenotyping of NK cells using peripheral blood from 48 patients with newly diagnosed nonacute promyelocytic leukemia AML and 18 healthy control participants.

Disclosures: This work was supported by grants from the Institut National du Cancer, Fondation de France, Sites de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer Marseille, Cancéropôle Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Groupement d’intérêt scientifique-Infrastructures pour la Biologie, la Santé et l’Agronomie, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chretien AS et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 May 28. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020459118.

Key clinical point: No association was observed between runt-related transcription factor 1 gene mutation (RUNX1+) and inferior outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in the first complete remission (CR). These findings suggest that early cell transplantation could probably overcome the negative effects of RUNX1 mutation on patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Patients with vs. without RUNX1 mutation had similar rates of overall survival (OS; P = .65), leukemia-free survival (P = .60), and relapse (P = .83) after alloSCT in the first CR.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 674 adult patients with AML (de novo AML, n=584) who underwent alloSCT in the first CR between January 2013 and June 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Waidhauser J et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 May 31. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01322-w.

Key clinical point: No association was observed between runt-related transcription factor 1 gene mutation (RUNX1+) and inferior outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in the first complete remission (CR). These findings suggest that early cell transplantation could probably overcome the negative effects of RUNX1 mutation on patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Patients with vs. without RUNX1 mutation had similar rates of overall survival (OS; P = .65), leukemia-free survival (P = .60), and relapse (P = .83) after alloSCT in the first CR.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 674 adult patients with AML (de novo AML, n=584) who underwent alloSCT in the first CR between January 2013 and June 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Waidhauser J et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 May 31. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01322-w.

Key clinical point: No association was observed between runt-related transcription factor 1 gene mutation (RUNX1+) and inferior outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in the first complete remission (CR). These findings suggest that early cell transplantation could probably overcome the negative effects of RUNX1 mutation on patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Major finding: Patients with vs. without RUNX1 mutation had similar rates of overall survival (OS; P = .65), leukemia-free survival (P = .60), and relapse (P = .83) after alloSCT in the first CR.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 674 adult patients with AML (de novo AML, n=584) who underwent alloSCT in the first CR between January 2013 and June 2019.

Disclosures: Open Access funding was enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Waidhauser J et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021 May 31. doi: 10.1038/s41409-021-01322-w.

Key clinical point: The second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be feasible in a selected subset of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) after the first HCT (HCT1). Specifically, patients with chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) after HCT1 and high HCT comorbidity score at the second transplant show poor survival following the second HCT.

Major finding: At 2 years after the second HCT, the cumulative incidence of progression, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality was 42%, 36%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. cGVHD after HCT1 and HCT comorbidity index 2 or higher at the second HCT were associated with significantly worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.9; P = .001 and aHR, 2.6; P = .003, respectively) and PFS (aHR, 3.4; P less than .001 and aHR, 2.1; P = .01, respectively) after the second HCT.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 91 adult patients who received the second HCT for rAML between January 2000 and August 2019.

Disclosures: No specific funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yalniz FF et al. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.05.007.

Key clinical point: The second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be feasible in a selected subset of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) after the first HCT (HCT1). Specifically, patients with chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) after HCT1 and high HCT comorbidity score at the second transplant show poor survival following the second HCT.

Major finding: At 2 years after the second HCT, the cumulative incidence of progression, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality was 42%, 36%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. cGVHD after HCT1 and HCT comorbidity index 2 or higher at the second HCT were associated with significantly worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.9; P = .001 and aHR, 2.6; P = .003, respectively) and PFS (aHR, 3.4; P less than .001 and aHR, 2.1; P = .01, respectively) after the second HCT.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 91 adult patients who received the second HCT for rAML between January 2000 and August 2019.

Disclosures: No specific funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yalniz FF et al. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.05.007.

Key clinical point: The second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be feasible in a selected subset of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) after the first HCT (HCT1). Specifically, patients with chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) after HCT1 and high HCT comorbidity score at the second transplant show poor survival following the second HCT.

Major finding: At 2 years after the second HCT, the cumulative incidence of progression, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality was 42%, 36%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. cGVHD after HCT1 and HCT comorbidity index 2 or higher at the second HCT were associated with significantly worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.9; P = .001 and aHR, 2.6; P = .003, respectively) and PFS (aHR, 3.4; P less than .001 and aHR, 2.1; P = .01, respectively) after the second HCT.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 91 adult patients who received the second HCT for rAML between January 2000 and August 2019.

Disclosures: No specific funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Yalniz FF et al. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.05.007.