American Epilepsy Society (AES): Annual Meeting

NEW ORLEANS – Depression severity is correlated with seizure frequency and quality of life in adults with epilepsy, according to an analysis presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

The conclusion comes from a study of 120 people with epilepsy, 62 of whom had at least moderate depression based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM-R), Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-10) and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used to assess patients’ health literacy, quality of life, and medical comorbidity, respectively

Among demographic characteristics, only inability to work was significantly associated with depression severity. Higher 30-day seizure frequency, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were correlated with more severe depression severity. Medical comorbidity was not associated with increased risk of depression.

Identifying and treating psychiatric comorbidities should be part of the management of patients with epilepsy, said Martha X. Sajatovic, MD, director of the Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, who presented the data. “Following up to ensure they receive treatment is vital, because it can truly change patient outcomes and help them achieve their best quality of life.”

The study findings are consistent with those of previous research indicating that people with symptoms of depression are more likely to have more frequent seizures and decreased quality of life, said Dr. Sajatovic.

“Health care providers should screen their epilepsy patients for depression, but they shouldn’t stop there,” she advised. “A person may have depressive symptoms that don’t reach the level of depression but should be assessed for other types of mental health issues that could easily be overlooked.”

Patients with epilepsy should respond to the PHQ-9 annually, or more frequently, if warranted, she added.

“It’s important that people with epilepsy who have depression or other mental health issues get treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication,” said Dr. Sajatovic. “Even being in a self-management program helps, because the better they are at self management, the less likely they are to suffer negative health effects.”

This study was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SIP 14-007 1U48DP005030.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kumar N et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.371.

NEW ORLEANS – Depression severity is correlated with seizure frequency and quality of life in adults with epilepsy, according to an analysis presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

The conclusion comes from a study of 120 people with epilepsy, 62 of whom had at least moderate depression based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM-R), Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-10) and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used to assess patients’ health literacy, quality of life, and medical comorbidity, respectively

Among demographic characteristics, only inability to work was significantly associated with depression severity. Higher 30-day seizure frequency, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were correlated with more severe depression severity. Medical comorbidity was not associated with increased risk of depression.

Identifying and treating psychiatric comorbidities should be part of the management of patients with epilepsy, said Martha X. Sajatovic, MD, director of the Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, who presented the data. “Following up to ensure they receive treatment is vital, because it can truly change patient outcomes and help them achieve their best quality of life.”

The study findings are consistent with those of previous research indicating that people with symptoms of depression are more likely to have more frequent seizures and decreased quality of life, said Dr. Sajatovic.

“Health care providers should screen their epilepsy patients for depression, but they shouldn’t stop there,” she advised. “A person may have depressive symptoms that don’t reach the level of depression but should be assessed for other types of mental health issues that could easily be overlooked.”

Patients with epilepsy should respond to the PHQ-9 annually, or more frequently, if warranted, she added.

“It’s important that people with epilepsy who have depression or other mental health issues get treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication,” said Dr. Sajatovic. “Even being in a self-management program helps, because the better they are at self management, the less likely they are to suffer negative health effects.”

This study was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SIP 14-007 1U48DP005030.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kumar N et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.371.

NEW ORLEANS – Depression severity is correlated with seizure frequency and quality of life in adults with epilepsy, according to an analysis presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

The conclusion comes from a study of 120 people with epilepsy, 62 of whom had at least moderate depression based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM-R), Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-10) and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used to assess patients’ health literacy, quality of life, and medical comorbidity, respectively

Among demographic characteristics, only inability to work was significantly associated with depression severity. Higher 30-day seizure frequency, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were correlated with more severe depression severity. Medical comorbidity was not associated with increased risk of depression.

Identifying and treating psychiatric comorbidities should be part of the management of patients with epilepsy, said Martha X. Sajatovic, MD, director of the Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, who presented the data. “Following up to ensure they receive treatment is vital, because it can truly change patient outcomes and help them achieve their best quality of life.”

The study findings are consistent with those of previous research indicating that people with symptoms of depression are more likely to have more frequent seizures and decreased quality of life, said Dr. Sajatovic.

“Health care providers should screen their epilepsy patients for depression, but they shouldn’t stop there,” she advised. “A person may have depressive symptoms that don’t reach the level of depression but should be assessed for other types of mental health issues that could easily be overlooked.”

Patients with epilepsy should respond to the PHQ-9 annually, or more frequently, if warranted, she added.

“It’s important that people with epilepsy who have depression or other mental health issues get treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication,” said Dr. Sajatovic. “Even being in a self-management program helps, because the better they are at self management, the less likely they are to suffer negative health effects.”

This study was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SIP 14-007 1U48DP005030.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Kumar N et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.371.

NEW ORLEANS – Patients taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may require a clinically meaningful increase in their vitamin D doses to achieve the same 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) plasma levels as patients taking nonenzyme-inducing AEDs, based on a retrospective chart review presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

While patients receiving either type of AED had similar average 25(OH)D levels in the study (32.0 ng/mL in the enzyme-inducing AED group and 33.2 ng/mL in the noninducing AED group), those in the enzyme-inducing group required 1,587 U/day to meet the goal – a 409-unit increase in dose, compared with the 1,108 U/day dose taken by patients in the nonenzyme-inducing group.

“Patients taking enzyme-inducing AEDs may benefit from more intensive monitoring of their vitamin D supplementation, and clinicians should anticipate this likely pharmacokinetic interaction,” said Barry E. Gidal, PharmD, professor of pharmacy and neurology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his colleagues.

Researchers have suggested that enzyme-inducing AEDs may affect CYP450 isoenzymes, increase vitamin D metabolism, and reduce 25(OH)D plasma levels. “It follows … that a potential pharmacokinetic interaction could exist between enzyme-inducing AEDs and oral formulations of vitamin D used for supplementation,” the investigators said.

To test the hypothesis, Dr. Gidal and his colleagues reviewed the charts of patients with epilepsy who were on any AED regimen and were prescribed vitamin D at William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin, between January 2013 and September 2017.

The researchers grouped patients by those using enzyme-inducing AEDs and those taking noninducing AEDs. Patients who were taking AEDs in both categories were placed in the enzyme-inducing AED group. Patients with malabsorptive conditions and patients using calcitriol were excluded from the analysis.

Data included AEDs used, prescription and over-the-counter vitamin D use, 25(OH)D plasma concentration, renal function, age, gender, and ethnicity. Patients’ 25(OH)D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay, and a minimum 25(OH)D plasma level of 30 ng/mL was the therapeutic goal.

The multivariant analysis was adjusted for potentially confounding variables including 25(OH)D concentration, over-the-counter vitamin D use, chronic kidney disease, age, gender, and ethnicity.

The analysis included 1,113 observations from 315 patients, and 263 of the observations (23.6%) were in the enzyme-inducing AED group. The enzyme-inducing group and noninducing groups were mostly male (90.5% and 91.8%, respectively) and similar in average age (65.9 and 61.4 years, respectively). Variables were evenly distributed between the groups, with the exceptions of chronic kidney disease, which was less common in the enzyme-inducing group (6.1% vs. 13.8%), and ethnicity (78.7% Caucasian in the enzyme-inducing group vs. 87.7% Caucasian in the noninducing group). The most common enzyme-inducing AED was phenytoin (50.6%), followed by carbamazepine (31.9%), phenobarbital (14.1%), oxcarbazepine (6.8%), primidone (1.9%), and eslicarbazepine (0.8%).

Dr. Gidal reported honoraria from Eisai, Sunovion, Lundbeck, and GW Pharmaceuticals.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Gidal BE et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.315.

NEW ORLEANS – Patients taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may require a clinically meaningful increase in their vitamin D doses to achieve the same 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) plasma levels as patients taking nonenzyme-inducing AEDs, based on a retrospective chart review presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

While patients receiving either type of AED had similar average 25(OH)D levels in the study (32.0 ng/mL in the enzyme-inducing AED group and 33.2 ng/mL in the noninducing AED group), those in the enzyme-inducing group required 1,587 U/day to meet the goal – a 409-unit increase in dose, compared with the 1,108 U/day dose taken by patients in the nonenzyme-inducing group.

“Patients taking enzyme-inducing AEDs may benefit from more intensive monitoring of their vitamin D supplementation, and clinicians should anticipate this likely pharmacokinetic interaction,” said Barry E. Gidal, PharmD, professor of pharmacy and neurology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his colleagues.

Researchers have suggested that enzyme-inducing AEDs may affect CYP450 isoenzymes, increase vitamin D metabolism, and reduce 25(OH)D plasma levels. “It follows … that a potential pharmacokinetic interaction could exist between enzyme-inducing AEDs and oral formulations of vitamin D used for supplementation,” the investigators said.

To test the hypothesis, Dr. Gidal and his colleagues reviewed the charts of patients with epilepsy who were on any AED regimen and were prescribed vitamin D at William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin, between January 2013 and September 2017.

The researchers grouped patients by those using enzyme-inducing AEDs and those taking noninducing AEDs. Patients who were taking AEDs in both categories were placed in the enzyme-inducing AED group. Patients with malabsorptive conditions and patients using calcitriol were excluded from the analysis.

Data included AEDs used, prescription and over-the-counter vitamin D use, 25(OH)D plasma concentration, renal function, age, gender, and ethnicity. Patients’ 25(OH)D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay, and a minimum 25(OH)D plasma level of 30 ng/mL was the therapeutic goal.

The multivariant analysis was adjusted for potentially confounding variables including 25(OH)D concentration, over-the-counter vitamin D use, chronic kidney disease, age, gender, and ethnicity.

The analysis included 1,113 observations from 315 patients, and 263 of the observations (23.6%) were in the enzyme-inducing AED group. The enzyme-inducing group and noninducing groups were mostly male (90.5% and 91.8%, respectively) and similar in average age (65.9 and 61.4 years, respectively). Variables were evenly distributed between the groups, with the exceptions of chronic kidney disease, which was less common in the enzyme-inducing group (6.1% vs. 13.8%), and ethnicity (78.7% Caucasian in the enzyme-inducing group vs. 87.7% Caucasian in the noninducing group). The most common enzyme-inducing AED was phenytoin (50.6%), followed by carbamazepine (31.9%), phenobarbital (14.1%), oxcarbazepine (6.8%), primidone (1.9%), and eslicarbazepine (0.8%).

Dr. Gidal reported honoraria from Eisai, Sunovion, Lundbeck, and GW Pharmaceuticals.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Gidal BE et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.315.

NEW ORLEANS – Patients taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may require a clinically meaningful increase in their vitamin D doses to achieve the same 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) plasma levels as patients taking nonenzyme-inducing AEDs, based on a retrospective chart review presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society.

While patients receiving either type of AED had similar average 25(OH)D levels in the study (32.0 ng/mL in the enzyme-inducing AED group and 33.2 ng/mL in the noninducing AED group), those in the enzyme-inducing group required 1,587 U/day to meet the goal – a 409-unit increase in dose, compared with the 1,108 U/day dose taken by patients in the nonenzyme-inducing group.

“Patients taking enzyme-inducing AEDs may benefit from more intensive monitoring of their vitamin D supplementation, and clinicians should anticipate this likely pharmacokinetic interaction,” said Barry E. Gidal, PharmD, professor of pharmacy and neurology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his colleagues.

Researchers have suggested that enzyme-inducing AEDs may affect CYP450 isoenzymes, increase vitamin D metabolism, and reduce 25(OH)D plasma levels. “It follows … that a potential pharmacokinetic interaction could exist between enzyme-inducing AEDs and oral formulations of vitamin D used for supplementation,” the investigators said.

To test the hypothesis, Dr. Gidal and his colleagues reviewed the charts of patients with epilepsy who were on any AED regimen and were prescribed vitamin D at William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin, between January 2013 and September 2017.

The researchers grouped patients by those using enzyme-inducing AEDs and those taking noninducing AEDs. Patients who were taking AEDs in both categories were placed in the enzyme-inducing AED group. Patients with malabsorptive conditions and patients using calcitriol were excluded from the analysis.

Data included AEDs used, prescription and over-the-counter vitamin D use, 25(OH)D plasma concentration, renal function, age, gender, and ethnicity. Patients’ 25(OH)D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay, and a minimum 25(OH)D plasma level of 30 ng/mL was the therapeutic goal.

The multivariant analysis was adjusted for potentially confounding variables including 25(OH)D concentration, over-the-counter vitamin D use, chronic kidney disease, age, gender, and ethnicity.

The analysis included 1,113 observations from 315 patients, and 263 of the observations (23.6%) were in the enzyme-inducing AED group. The enzyme-inducing group and noninducing groups were mostly male (90.5% and 91.8%, respectively) and similar in average age (65.9 and 61.4 years, respectively). Variables were evenly distributed between the groups, with the exceptions of chronic kidney disease, which was less common in the enzyme-inducing group (6.1% vs. 13.8%), and ethnicity (78.7% Caucasian in the enzyme-inducing group vs. 87.7% Caucasian in the noninducing group). The most common enzyme-inducing AED was phenytoin (50.6%), followed by carbamazepine (31.9%), phenobarbital (14.1%), oxcarbazepine (6.8%), primidone (1.9%), and eslicarbazepine (0.8%).

Dr. Gidal reported honoraria from Eisai, Sunovion, Lundbeck, and GW Pharmaceuticals.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Gidal BE et al. AES 2018, Abstract 1.315.

NEW ORLEANS – Clinicians should screen patients with pediatric epilepsy for depression regularly, according to research described at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society. Referral to a mental health provider is adequate for most patients with moderately severe symptoms of depression, but some patients may require active intervention during the clinical visit, said the researchers.

“We know that depression is more common in people with epilepsy, compared to the general population, but there is less information about depression in children and teens than adults, and little is known about the factors that increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms,” said Hillary Thomas, PhD, a pediatric psychologist at Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. “Depression screening should be routine at epilepsy treatment centers and can identify children and teens who would benefit from intervention.”

Following 2015 guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology, the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Children’s Health System in Dallas developed a behavioral health screening protocol for teens with epilepsy. The center aims to identify patients with depressive symptoms and ensure that they are referred to appropriate behavioral health practitioners. Clinicians also review the screening data and seizure variables for their potential implications for clinical care. Researchers at the center also seek to elucidate the relationship between depressive symptoms and seizure diagnosis and treatment.

As part of the protocol, Dr. Thomas and her colleagues administer the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (adolescent version) to all patients aged 15-18 years during their visit to the epilepsy clinic. Patients with intellectual disability or other factors that prevent them from providing valid responses are excluded. If a patient’s PHQ-9 score indicates at least moderately severe depressive symptoms, or if he or she reports suicidal ideation, clinicians follow a specific response protocol that includes providing referrals, encouraging follow-up with the patient’s current mental health provider, and obtaining a suicide risk assessment from a psychologist or social worker. After the screener is completed, clinicians retrieve demographic and clinical data (e.g., seizure diagnosis, medication, number of clinic or emergency department visits) from the patient’s medical record and include them in a database for subsequent analysis.

Dr. Thomas and her colleagues presented data from 394 youth with epilepsy whom they had screened. Patients’ mean age was 16 years, and half of the population was female. The study population had rates of depression similar to those identified in previous studies, said Dr. Thomas. Approximately 87% of patients had minimal or mild depressive symptoms, and 8% had moderately severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, 5% of the patients reported suicidal ideation or previous suicide attempt. Several of the patients with suicidal ideation had a current mental health provider, and the others required an in-clinic risk assessment. Overall, 13% of the population required behavioral health referral or intervention. When the researchers conducted chi-squared analysis, they found no significant association between seizure type and depression severity.

“Our results don’t mean that only 13% of the teens with epilepsy had depressive symptoms,” said Susan Arnold, MD, director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and a coauthor of the study. “They indicate the significant percentage of teens whose level of depressive symptoms warranted behavioral health referrals or further evaluation or even intervention during a clinic visit. Health care providers need to be vigilant about continually screening children and teens for depression.” As part of each patient’s comprehensive care, epilepsy treatment centers should provide psychosocial teams that include social workers or psychologists, she added.

The investigators plan to continue analyzing the data for specific depression symptoms that are most common in teens. These symptoms could be the basis for developing additional resources for families, such as lists of warning signs and guides to symptom management, as well as group therapy and support groups.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Thomas HM et al. Abstract 1.388.

NEW ORLEANS – Clinicians should screen patients with pediatric epilepsy for depression regularly, according to research described at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society. Referral to a mental health provider is adequate for most patients with moderately severe symptoms of depression, but some patients may require active intervention during the clinical visit, said the researchers.

“We know that depression is more common in people with epilepsy, compared to the general population, but there is less information about depression in children and teens than adults, and little is known about the factors that increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms,” said Hillary Thomas, PhD, a pediatric psychologist at Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. “Depression screening should be routine at epilepsy treatment centers and can identify children and teens who would benefit from intervention.”

Following 2015 guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology, the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Children’s Health System in Dallas developed a behavioral health screening protocol for teens with epilepsy. The center aims to identify patients with depressive symptoms and ensure that they are referred to appropriate behavioral health practitioners. Clinicians also review the screening data and seizure variables for their potential implications for clinical care. Researchers at the center also seek to elucidate the relationship between depressive symptoms and seizure diagnosis and treatment.

As part of the protocol, Dr. Thomas and her colleagues administer the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (adolescent version) to all patients aged 15-18 years during their visit to the epilepsy clinic. Patients with intellectual disability or other factors that prevent them from providing valid responses are excluded. If a patient’s PHQ-9 score indicates at least moderately severe depressive symptoms, or if he or she reports suicidal ideation, clinicians follow a specific response protocol that includes providing referrals, encouraging follow-up with the patient’s current mental health provider, and obtaining a suicide risk assessment from a psychologist or social worker. After the screener is completed, clinicians retrieve demographic and clinical data (e.g., seizure diagnosis, medication, number of clinic or emergency department visits) from the patient’s medical record and include them in a database for subsequent analysis.

Dr. Thomas and her colleagues presented data from 394 youth with epilepsy whom they had screened. Patients’ mean age was 16 years, and half of the population was female. The study population had rates of depression similar to those identified in previous studies, said Dr. Thomas. Approximately 87% of patients had minimal or mild depressive symptoms, and 8% had moderately severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, 5% of the patients reported suicidal ideation or previous suicide attempt. Several of the patients with suicidal ideation had a current mental health provider, and the others required an in-clinic risk assessment. Overall, 13% of the population required behavioral health referral or intervention. When the researchers conducted chi-squared analysis, they found no significant association between seizure type and depression severity.

“Our results don’t mean that only 13% of the teens with epilepsy had depressive symptoms,” said Susan Arnold, MD, director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and a coauthor of the study. “They indicate the significant percentage of teens whose level of depressive symptoms warranted behavioral health referrals or further evaluation or even intervention during a clinic visit. Health care providers need to be vigilant about continually screening children and teens for depression.” As part of each patient’s comprehensive care, epilepsy treatment centers should provide psychosocial teams that include social workers or psychologists, she added.

The investigators plan to continue analyzing the data for specific depression symptoms that are most common in teens. These symptoms could be the basis for developing additional resources for families, such as lists of warning signs and guides to symptom management, as well as group therapy and support groups.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Thomas HM et al. Abstract 1.388.

NEW ORLEANS – Clinicians should screen patients with pediatric epilepsy for depression regularly, according to research described at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society. Referral to a mental health provider is adequate for most patients with moderately severe symptoms of depression, but some patients may require active intervention during the clinical visit, said the researchers.

“We know that depression is more common in people with epilepsy, compared to the general population, but there is less information about depression in children and teens than adults, and little is known about the factors that increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms,” said Hillary Thomas, PhD, a pediatric psychologist at Children’s Medical Center in Dallas. “Depression screening should be routine at epilepsy treatment centers and can identify children and teens who would benefit from intervention.”

Following 2015 guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology, the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Children’s Health System in Dallas developed a behavioral health screening protocol for teens with epilepsy. The center aims to identify patients with depressive symptoms and ensure that they are referred to appropriate behavioral health practitioners. Clinicians also review the screening data and seizure variables for their potential implications for clinical care. Researchers at the center also seek to elucidate the relationship between depressive symptoms and seizure diagnosis and treatment.

As part of the protocol, Dr. Thomas and her colleagues administer the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (adolescent version) to all patients aged 15-18 years during their visit to the epilepsy clinic. Patients with intellectual disability or other factors that prevent them from providing valid responses are excluded. If a patient’s PHQ-9 score indicates at least moderately severe depressive symptoms, or if he or she reports suicidal ideation, clinicians follow a specific response protocol that includes providing referrals, encouraging follow-up with the patient’s current mental health provider, and obtaining a suicide risk assessment from a psychologist or social worker. After the screener is completed, clinicians retrieve demographic and clinical data (e.g., seizure diagnosis, medication, number of clinic or emergency department visits) from the patient’s medical record and include them in a database for subsequent analysis.

Dr. Thomas and her colleagues presented data from 394 youth with epilepsy whom they had screened. Patients’ mean age was 16 years, and half of the population was female. The study population had rates of depression similar to those identified in previous studies, said Dr. Thomas. Approximately 87% of patients had minimal or mild depressive symptoms, and 8% had moderately severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, 5% of the patients reported suicidal ideation or previous suicide attempt. Several of the patients with suicidal ideation had a current mental health provider, and the others required an in-clinic risk assessment. Overall, 13% of the population required behavioral health referral or intervention. When the researchers conducted chi-squared analysis, they found no significant association between seizure type and depression severity.

“Our results don’t mean that only 13% of the teens with epilepsy had depressive symptoms,” said Susan Arnold, MD, director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and a coauthor of the study. “They indicate the significant percentage of teens whose level of depressive symptoms warranted behavioral health referrals or further evaluation or even intervention during a clinic visit. Health care providers need to be vigilant about continually screening children and teens for depression.” As part of each patient’s comprehensive care, epilepsy treatment centers should provide psychosocial teams that include social workers or psychologists, she added.

The investigators plan to continue analyzing the data for specific depression symptoms that are most common in teens. These symptoms could be the basis for developing additional resources for families, such as lists of warning signs and guides to symptom management, as well as group therapy and support groups.
 

[email protected]

SOURCE: Thomas HM et al. Abstract 1.388.