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Wearable Device Tracks IBD from Sweat
LAS VEGAS —
The device, in development by EnLiSense, can rapidly detect calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), using miniaturized versions of biochemical lab tests.
Patient monitoring relies on identifying trends, whether biomarker levels are increasing or decreasing, according to Shalini Prasad, PhD, who presented the study during a poster session at the annual Crohn’s & Colitis Congress®, a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association. “In a blood test you don’t get that unless you’re willing to sample every month. That’s the benefit [of the device],” said Dr. Prasad, professor of bioengineering at University of Texas at Dallas and a cofounder of EnLiSense.
The project grew out of the involvement of EnLiSense with the Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA). “We were tracking infections, and we were looking at inflammatory markers associated with infections: Cytokines and chemokines. We thought it was a natural pivot for us because the disease of inflammation is IBD,” said Dr. Prasad.
The device need only be worn when the physician determines the disease is in a variable state. The patient “will wear it for the duration of time as determined by the clinician,” said Dr. Prasad.
The watch face–sized device, typically worn on the forearm, absorbs sweat and performs automated biochemical analysis independently, then beams its findings to the cloud. “What you get back is concentration [of inflammatory biomarkers]. It is essentially trend line reporting of how the concentration is fluctuating over time for markers,” said Dr. Prasad.
The Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation is supporting the company through its IBD Ventures program. EnLiSense is currently conducting a study tracking patients over 4 weeks to correlate biomarker concentrations in sweat with concentrations in stool.
A key remaining question is how long the device should be worn and during what clinical periods. The technology has the potential to provide too much information. “Just figuring the balance. We’re trying to find the right spot where it makes sense for both the clinician and the patient. This is something that is a work in progress. We don’t want this to be just like any other consumer wearable which gives you something but you’re not sure what it means,” said Dr. Prasad.
The study included 33 patients with IBD who were monitored between 40 and 130 minutes. The device measured levels of CRP, IL-6, and calprotectin. Serum samples were also measured the same day.
The researchers found higher levels of calprotectin among patients with active disease in perspiration (P = .0260), serum (P = .022), and in fecal samples (P = .0411). There were no significant differences between patients who are active and those in remission with respect to CRP levels in perspiration or serum, or IL-6 in perspiration. Serum Il-6 levels were higher in those with active disease.
There was no significant difference between serum and sweat calprotectin levels among patients who were active or in remission, but the median expression of IL-6 in perspiration was higher in the active group (P = .0016). In the active group, calprotectin was elevated in sweat, serum, and stool.
Levels of calprotectin measured in perspiration correlated with levels in the serum (R2 = 0.7195), as did CRP (R2 = 0.615) and IL-6 (R2 = 0.5411).
Treating to Target
The poster caught the interest of Jeremiah Faith, PhD, who attended the session and was asked to comment. “I think patients want to know what’s happening [with their disease], and we could probably give better care if we know day to day the status of someone, especially because every time we test them we get a point in time, but the reality is probably that people are kind of wavy, and knowing the wave is much better,” he said.
He noted that there was not a strong separation between mean perspiration calprotectin values, but he said the ability to take frequent measurements could overcome that weakness. “The difference between active and remission is not as drastic as what you’d see from blood, for example. But it’s the same thing with your watch. Your watch is a really poor sensor of what your heartbeat is doing, but if you measure it every few seconds, and you average over a long period of time, it can actually more be more [accurate]. So there’s a lot of potential for this,” said Dr. Faith, associate professor of genetics and genomic sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
If perfected, the device could help efforts at treating to target, in which therapies are adjusted to achieve minimal disease. Currently, physicians are forced to adjust doses or change therapies based on infrequent testing. “If this is accurate ... maybe at some point we will have the tools to be smarter about it,” said Dr. Faith.
Dr. Prasad is a cofounder of EnLiSense. Dr. Faith has no relevant financial disclosures.
LAS VEGAS —
The device, in development by EnLiSense, can rapidly detect calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), using miniaturized versions of biochemical lab tests.
Patient monitoring relies on identifying trends, whether biomarker levels are increasing or decreasing, according to Shalini Prasad, PhD, who presented the study during a poster session at the annual Crohn’s & Colitis Congress®, a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association. “In a blood test you don’t get that unless you’re willing to sample every month. That’s the benefit [of the device],” said Dr. Prasad, professor of bioengineering at University of Texas at Dallas and a cofounder of EnLiSense.
The project grew out of the involvement of EnLiSense with the Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA). “We were tracking infections, and we were looking at inflammatory markers associated with infections: Cytokines and chemokines. We thought it was a natural pivot for us because the disease of inflammation is IBD,” said Dr. Prasad.
The device need only be worn when the physician determines the disease is in a variable state. The patient “will wear it for the duration of time as determined by the clinician,” said Dr. Prasad.
The watch face–sized device, typically worn on the forearm, absorbs sweat and performs automated biochemical analysis independently, then beams its findings to the cloud. “What you get back is concentration [of inflammatory biomarkers]. It is essentially trend line reporting of how the concentration is fluctuating over time for markers,” said Dr. Prasad.
The Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation is supporting the company through its IBD Ventures program. EnLiSense is currently conducting a study tracking patients over 4 weeks to correlate biomarker concentrations in sweat with concentrations in stool.
A key remaining question is how long the device should be worn and during what clinical periods. The technology has the potential to provide too much information. “Just figuring the balance. We’re trying to find the right spot where it makes sense for both the clinician and the patient. This is something that is a work in progress. We don’t want this to be just like any other consumer wearable which gives you something but you’re not sure what it means,” said Dr. Prasad.
The study included 33 patients with IBD who were monitored between 40 and 130 minutes. The device measured levels of CRP, IL-6, and calprotectin. Serum samples were also measured the same day.
The researchers found higher levels of calprotectin among patients with active disease in perspiration (P = .0260), serum (P = .022), and in fecal samples (P = .0411). There were no significant differences between patients who are active and those in remission with respect to CRP levels in perspiration or serum, or IL-6 in perspiration. Serum Il-6 levels were higher in those with active disease.
There was no significant difference between serum and sweat calprotectin levels among patients who were active or in remission, but the median expression of IL-6 in perspiration was higher in the active group (P = .0016). In the active group, calprotectin was elevated in sweat, serum, and stool.
Levels of calprotectin measured in perspiration correlated with levels in the serum (R2 = 0.7195), as did CRP (R2 = 0.615) and IL-6 (R2 = 0.5411).
Treating to Target
The poster caught the interest of Jeremiah Faith, PhD, who attended the session and was asked to comment. “I think patients want to know what’s happening [with their disease], and we could probably give better care if we know day to day the status of someone, especially because every time we test them we get a point in time, but the reality is probably that people are kind of wavy, and knowing the wave is much better,” he said.
He noted that there was not a strong separation between mean perspiration calprotectin values, but he said the ability to take frequent measurements could overcome that weakness. “The difference between active and remission is not as drastic as what you’d see from blood, for example. But it’s the same thing with your watch. Your watch is a really poor sensor of what your heartbeat is doing, but if you measure it every few seconds, and you average over a long period of time, it can actually more be more [accurate]. So there’s a lot of potential for this,” said Dr. Faith, associate professor of genetics and genomic sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
If perfected, the device could help efforts at treating to target, in which therapies are adjusted to achieve minimal disease. Currently, physicians are forced to adjust doses or change therapies based on infrequent testing. “If this is accurate ... maybe at some point we will have the tools to be smarter about it,” said Dr. Faith.
Dr. Prasad is a cofounder of EnLiSense. Dr. Faith has no relevant financial disclosures.
LAS VEGAS —
The device, in development by EnLiSense, can rapidly detect calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), using miniaturized versions of biochemical lab tests.
Patient monitoring relies on identifying trends, whether biomarker levels are increasing or decreasing, according to Shalini Prasad, PhD, who presented the study during a poster session at the annual Crohn’s & Colitis Congress®, a partnership of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation and the American Gastroenterological Association. “In a blood test you don’t get that unless you’re willing to sample every month. That’s the benefit [of the device],” said Dr. Prasad, professor of bioengineering at University of Texas at Dallas and a cofounder of EnLiSense.
The project grew out of the involvement of EnLiSense with the Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA). “We were tracking infections, and we were looking at inflammatory markers associated with infections: Cytokines and chemokines. We thought it was a natural pivot for us because the disease of inflammation is IBD,” said Dr. Prasad.
The device need only be worn when the physician determines the disease is in a variable state. The patient “will wear it for the duration of time as determined by the clinician,” said Dr. Prasad.
The watch face–sized device, typically worn on the forearm, absorbs sweat and performs automated biochemical analysis independently, then beams its findings to the cloud. “What you get back is concentration [of inflammatory biomarkers]. It is essentially trend line reporting of how the concentration is fluctuating over time for markers,” said Dr. Prasad.
The Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation is supporting the company through its IBD Ventures program. EnLiSense is currently conducting a study tracking patients over 4 weeks to correlate biomarker concentrations in sweat with concentrations in stool.
A key remaining question is how long the device should be worn and during what clinical periods. The technology has the potential to provide too much information. “Just figuring the balance. We’re trying to find the right spot where it makes sense for both the clinician and the patient. This is something that is a work in progress. We don’t want this to be just like any other consumer wearable which gives you something but you’re not sure what it means,” said Dr. Prasad.
The study included 33 patients with IBD who were monitored between 40 and 130 minutes. The device measured levels of CRP, IL-6, and calprotectin. Serum samples were also measured the same day.
The researchers found higher levels of calprotectin among patients with active disease in perspiration (P = .0260), serum (P = .022), and in fecal samples (P = .0411). There were no significant differences between patients who are active and those in remission with respect to CRP levels in perspiration or serum, or IL-6 in perspiration. Serum Il-6 levels were higher in those with active disease.
There was no significant difference between serum and sweat calprotectin levels among patients who were active or in remission, but the median expression of IL-6 in perspiration was higher in the active group (P = .0016). In the active group, calprotectin was elevated in sweat, serum, and stool.
Levels of calprotectin measured in perspiration correlated with levels in the serum (R2 = 0.7195), as did CRP (R2 = 0.615) and IL-6 (R2 = 0.5411).
Treating to Target
The poster caught the interest of Jeremiah Faith, PhD, who attended the session and was asked to comment. “I think patients want to know what’s happening [with their disease], and we could probably give better care if we know day to day the status of someone, especially because every time we test them we get a point in time, but the reality is probably that people are kind of wavy, and knowing the wave is much better,” he said.
He noted that there was not a strong separation between mean perspiration calprotectin values, but he said the ability to take frequent measurements could overcome that weakness. “The difference between active and remission is not as drastic as what you’d see from blood, for example. But it’s the same thing with your watch. Your watch is a really poor sensor of what your heartbeat is doing, but if you measure it every few seconds, and you average over a long period of time, it can actually more be more [accurate]. So there’s a lot of potential for this,” said Dr. Faith, associate professor of genetics and genomic sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.
If perfected, the device could help efforts at treating to target, in which therapies are adjusted to achieve minimal disease. Currently, physicians are forced to adjust doses or change therapies based on infrequent testing. “If this is accurate ... maybe at some point we will have the tools to be smarter about it,” said Dr. Faith.
Dr. Prasad is a cofounder of EnLiSense. Dr. Faith has no relevant financial disclosures.
FROM CROHN’S & COLITIS CONGRESS
Robitussin Cough Syrup Recalled Nationwide Due to Fungus Concerns
The company that makes Robitussin syrups did not specify which microorganisms may be in the products. The recall announcement from the global consumer health products company Haleon stated that the contamination could lead to fungal infections or the presence of fungi or yeasts in a person’s blood. So far, the company has not received any reports of people being sickened by the recalled products.
The recall applies to bottles of Robitussin Honey CF Max Day and Robitussin Honey CF Max Nighttime. Both varieties are for adults. Affected products were sold nationwide and have specific lot numbers printed at the bottom of the back of the bottles. Consumers can view the lot numbers on the FDA’s recall webpage.
People with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of life-threatening health problems due to the cough syrup, the company warned.
“In non-immunocompromised consumers, the population most likely to use the product, life-threatening infections are not likely to occur,” the recall notice from Haleon stated. “However, the occurrence of an infection that may necessitate medical intervention cannot be completely ruled out.”
People who have affected products should stop using them immediately. The company asked that anyone with the products email Haleon at [email protected], or call the company at 800-245-1040 Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time.
A version of this article appeared on WebMD.com.
The company that makes Robitussin syrups did not specify which microorganisms may be in the products. The recall announcement from the global consumer health products company Haleon stated that the contamination could lead to fungal infections or the presence of fungi or yeasts in a person’s blood. So far, the company has not received any reports of people being sickened by the recalled products.
The recall applies to bottles of Robitussin Honey CF Max Day and Robitussin Honey CF Max Nighttime. Both varieties are for adults. Affected products were sold nationwide and have specific lot numbers printed at the bottom of the back of the bottles. Consumers can view the lot numbers on the FDA’s recall webpage.
People with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of life-threatening health problems due to the cough syrup, the company warned.
“In non-immunocompromised consumers, the population most likely to use the product, life-threatening infections are not likely to occur,” the recall notice from Haleon stated. “However, the occurrence of an infection that may necessitate medical intervention cannot be completely ruled out.”
People who have affected products should stop using them immediately. The company asked that anyone with the products email Haleon at [email protected], or call the company at 800-245-1040 Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time.
A version of this article appeared on WebMD.com.
The company that makes Robitussin syrups did not specify which microorganisms may be in the products. The recall announcement from the global consumer health products company Haleon stated that the contamination could lead to fungal infections or the presence of fungi or yeasts in a person’s blood. So far, the company has not received any reports of people being sickened by the recalled products.
The recall applies to bottles of Robitussin Honey CF Max Day and Robitussin Honey CF Max Nighttime. Both varieties are for adults. Affected products were sold nationwide and have specific lot numbers printed at the bottom of the back of the bottles. Consumers can view the lot numbers on the FDA’s recall webpage.
People with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of life-threatening health problems due to the cough syrup, the company warned.
“In non-immunocompromised consumers, the population most likely to use the product, life-threatening infections are not likely to occur,” the recall notice from Haleon stated. “However, the occurrence of an infection that may necessitate medical intervention cannot be completely ruled out.”
People who have affected products should stop using them immediately. The company asked that anyone with the products email Haleon at [email protected], or call the company at 800-245-1040 Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time.
A version of this article appeared on WebMD.com.
Lp(a) Packs a More Powerful Atherogenic Punch Than LDL
TOPLINE:
While low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are much more abundant than lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particles and carry the greatest overall risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), .
METHODOLOGY:
- To compare the atherogenicity of Lp(a) relative to LDL on a per-particle basis, researchers used a genetic analysis because Lp(a) and LDL both contain one apolipoprotein B (apoB) per particle.
- In a genome-wide association study of 502,413 UK Biobank participants, they identified genetic variants uniquely affecting plasma levels of either Lp(a) or LDL particles.
- For these two genetic clusters, they related the change in apoB to the respective change in CHD risk, which allowed them to directly compare the atherogenicity of LDL and Lp(a), particle to particle.
TAKEAWAY:
- The odds ratio for CHD for a 50 nmol/L higher Lp(a)-apoB was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.24-1.33) compared with 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.05) for the same increment in LDL-apoB.
- Additional supporting evidence was provided by using polygenic scores to rank participants according to the difference in Lp(a)-apoB vs LDL-apoB, which revealed a greater risk for CHD per 50 nmol/L apoB for the Lp(a) cluster (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36-1.58) than the LDL cluster (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05).
- Based on the data, the researchers estimate that the atherogenicity of Lp(a) is roughly sixfold greater (point estimate of 6.6; 95% CI, 5.1-8.8) than that of LDL on a per-particle basis.
IN PRACTICE:
“There are two clinical implications. First, to completely characterize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, it is imperative to measure Lp(a) in all adult patients at least once. Second, these studies provide a rationale that targeting Lp(a) with potent and specific drugs may lead to clinically meaningful benefit,” wrote the authors of an accompanying commentary on the study.
SOURCE:
The study, with first author Elias Björnson, PhD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and an editorial by Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, University of California, San Diego, and Vera Bittner, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham, was published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
LIMITATIONS:
The UK Biobank consists primarily of a Caucasian population, and confirmatory studies in more diverse samples are needed. The working range for the Lp(a) assay used in the study did not cover the full range of Lp(a) values seen in the population. Variations in Lp(a)-apoB and LDL-apoB were estimated from genetic analysis and not measured specifically in biochemical assays.
DISCLOSURES:
The study had no commercial funding. Some authors received honoraria from the pharmaceutical industry. A complete list of author disclosures is available with the original article.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
While low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are much more abundant than lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particles and carry the greatest overall risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), .
METHODOLOGY:
- To compare the atherogenicity of Lp(a) relative to LDL on a per-particle basis, researchers used a genetic analysis because Lp(a) and LDL both contain one apolipoprotein B (apoB) per particle.
- In a genome-wide association study of 502,413 UK Biobank participants, they identified genetic variants uniquely affecting plasma levels of either Lp(a) or LDL particles.
- For these two genetic clusters, they related the change in apoB to the respective change in CHD risk, which allowed them to directly compare the atherogenicity of LDL and Lp(a), particle to particle.
TAKEAWAY:
- The odds ratio for CHD for a 50 nmol/L higher Lp(a)-apoB was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.24-1.33) compared with 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.05) for the same increment in LDL-apoB.
- Additional supporting evidence was provided by using polygenic scores to rank participants according to the difference in Lp(a)-apoB vs LDL-apoB, which revealed a greater risk for CHD per 50 nmol/L apoB for the Lp(a) cluster (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36-1.58) than the LDL cluster (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05).
- Based on the data, the researchers estimate that the atherogenicity of Lp(a) is roughly sixfold greater (point estimate of 6.6; 95% CI, 5.1-8.8) than that of LDL on a per-particle basis.
IN PRACTICE:
“There are two clinical implications. First, to completely characterize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, it is imperative to measure Lp(a) in all adult patients at least once. Second, these studies provide a rationale that targeting Lp(a) with potent and specific drugs may lead to clinically meaningful benefit,” wrote the authors of an accompanying commentary on the study.
SOURCE:
The study, with first author Elias Björnson, PhD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and an editorial by Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, University of California, San Diego, and Vera Bittner, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham, was published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
LIMITATIONS:
The UK Biobank consists primarily of a Caucasian population, and confirmatory studies in more diverse samples are needed. The working range for the Lp(a) assay used in the study did not cover the full range of Lp(a) values seen in the population. Variations in Lp(a)-apoB and LDL-apoB were estimated from genetic analysis and not measured specifically in biochemical assays.
DISCLOSURES:
The study had no commercial funding. Some authors received honoraria from the pharmaceutical industry. A complete list of author disclosures is available with the original article.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
While low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are much more abundant than lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particles and carry the greatest overall risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), .
METHODOLOGY:
- To compare the atherogenicity of Lp(a) relative to LDL on a per-particle basis, researchers used a genetic analysis because Lp(a) and LDL both contain one apolipoprotein B (apoB) per particle.
- In a genome-wide association study of 502,413 UK Biobank participants, they identified genetic variants uniquely affecting plasma levels of either Lp(a) or LDL particles.
- For these two genetic clusters, they related the change in apoB to the respective change in CHD risk, which allowed them to directly compare the atherogenicity of LDL and Lp(a), particle to particle.
TAKEAWAY:
- The odds ratio for CHD for a 50 nmol/L higher Lp(a)-apoB was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.24-1.33) compared with 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.05) for the same increment in LDL-apoB.
- Additional supporting evidence was provided by using polygenic scores to rank participants according to the difference in Lp(a)-apoB vs LDL-apoB, which revealed a greater risk for CHD per 50 nmol/L apoB for the Lp(a) cluster (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36-1.58) than the LDL cluster (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05).
- Based on the data, the researchers estimate that the atherogenicity of Lp(a) is roughly sixfold greater (point estimate of 6.6; 95% CI, 5.1-8.8) than that of LDL on a per-particle basis.
IN PRACTICE:
“There are two clinical implications. First, to completely characterize atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, it is imperative to measure Lp(a) in all adult patients at least once. Second, these studies provide a rationale that targeting Lp(a) with potent and specific drugs may lead to clinically meaningful benefit,” wrote the authors of an accompanying commentary on the study.
SOURCE:
The study, with first author Elias Björnson, PhD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and an editorial by Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, University of California, San Diego, and Vera Bittner, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham, was published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
LIMITATIONS:
The UK Biobank consists primarily of a Caucasian population, and confirmatory studies in more diverse samples are needed. The working range for the Lp(a) assay used in the study did not cover the full range of Lp(a) values seen in the population. Variations in Lp(a)-apoB and LDL-apoB were estimated from genetic analysis and not measured specifically in biochemical assays.
DISCLOSURES:
The study had no commercial funding. Some authors received honoraria from the pharmaceutical industry. A complete list of author disclosures is available with the original article.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
Insulin Resistance Doesn’t Affect Finerenone’s Efficacy
TOPLINE:
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes, baseline insulin resistance was associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) but not kidney risk and did not affect the efficacy of finerenone.
METHODOLOGY:
- Insulin resistance is implicated in CV disease in patients with CKD, but its role in CKD progression is less clear.
- This post hoc analysis of FIDELITY, a pooled analysis of the and trials, randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD (who received optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade) to receive finerenone (10 mg or 20 mg) once daily or placebo and followed them for a median of 3 years.
- An estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a measure of insulin resistance, was calculated for 12,964 patients (median age, 65 years), using waist circumference, hypertension status, and glycated hemoglobin.
- Outcomes included a CV composite (time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and a kidney composite (time to renal failure, a sustained decrease ≥ 57% in the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate, or renal death).
TAKEAWAY:
- The median eGDR was 4.1 mg/kg/min. The 50% of patients with a lower eGDR were considered insulin resistant, whereas the remaining half with a higher eGDR were considered insulin sensitive.
- The incidence rate of CV outcomes was higher among patients with insulin resistance in both the finerenone group (incidence rate per 100 patient-years, 5.18 vs 3.47 among insulin-sensitive patients) and the placebo group (6.34 vs 3.76), but eGDR showed no association with kidney outcomes.
- The efficacy of finerenone vs placebo on CV (Wald test P = .063) and kidney outcomes (Wald test P = .51) did not change significantly across the range of baseline eGDR values.
- The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events and severe adverse events with finerenone were similar between the insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subgroups.
IN PRACTICE:
“The efficacy and safety of finerenone were not modified by baseline insulin resistance. A higher risk of CV — but not kidney outcomes was observed in patients with CKD and T2D with greater insulin resistance,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by Thomas Ebert of the Medical Department III — Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, and published online in Diabetes Care.
LIMITATIONS:
This study was not adequately powered to evaluate the statistical significance of the association of eGDR with CV and kidney outcomes and was hypothesis-generating. Further studies are needed to examine whether the effects of insulin resistance differ between individuals with diabetes vs those with advanced CKD with or without diabetes.
DISCLOSURES:
The FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials were conducted and sponsored by Bayer AG. Three authors declared being full-time employees of Bayer. Several authors declared receiving personal fees, consulting fees, grants, or research support from; holding patents with; or having ownership interests in various pharmaceutical companies, including Bayer.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes, baseline insulin resistance was associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) but not kidney risk and did not affect the efficacy of finerenone.
METHODOLOGY:
- Insulin resistance is implicated in CV disease in patients with CKD, but its role in CKD progression is less clear.
- This post hoc analysis of FIDELITY, a pooled analysis of the and trials, randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD (who received optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade) to receive finerenone (10 mg or 20 mg) once daily or placebo and followed them for a median of 3 years.
- An estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a measure of insulin resistance, was calculated for 12,964 patients (median age, 65 years), using waist circumference, hypertension status, and glycated hemoglobin.
- Outcomes included a CV composite (time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and a kidney composite (time to renal failure, a sustained decrease ≥ 57% in the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate, or renal death).
TAKEAWAY:
- The median eGDR was 4.1 mg/kg/min. The 50% of patients with a lower eGDR were considered insulin resistant, whereas the remaining half with a higher eGDR were considered insulin sensitive.
- The incidence rate of CV outcomes was higher among patients with insulin resistance in both the finerenone group (incidence rate per 100 patient-years, 5.18 vs 3.47 among insulin-sensitive patients) and the placebo group (6.34 vs 3.76), but eGDR showed no association with kidney outcomes.
- The efficacy of finerenone vs placebo on CV (Wald test P = .063) and kidney outcomes (Wald test P = .51) did not change significantly across the range of baseline eGDR values.
- The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events and severe adverse events with finerenone were similar between the insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subgroups.
IN PRACTICE:
“The efficacy and safety of finerenone were not modified by baseline insulin resistance. A higher risk of CV — but not kidney outcomes was observed in patients with CKD and T2D with greater insulin resistance,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by Thomas Ebert of the Medical Department III — Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, and published online in Diabetes Care.
LIMITATIONS:
This study was not adequately powered to evaluate the statistical significance of the association of eGDR with CV and kidney outcomes and was hypothesis-generating. Further studies are needed to examine whether the effects of insulin resistance differ between individuals with diabetes vs those with advanced CKD with or without diabetes.
DISCLOSURES:
The FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials were conducted and sponsored by Bayer AG. Three authors declared being full-time employees of Bayer. Several authors declared receiving personal fees, consulting fees, grants, or research support from; holding patents with; or having ownership interests in various pharmaceutical companies, including Bayer.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes, baseline insulin resistance was associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) but not kidney risk and did not affect the efficacy of finerenone.
METHODOLOGY:
- Insulin resistance is implicated in CV disease in patients with CKD, but its role in CKD progression is less clear.
- This post hoc analysis of FIDELITY, a pooled analysis of the and trials, randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD (who received optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade) to receive finerenone (10 mg or 20 mg) once daily or placebo and followed them for a median of 3 years.
- An estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a measure of insulin resistance, was calculated for 12,964 patients (median age, 65 years), using waist circumference, hypertension status, and glycated hemoglobin.
- Outcomes included a CV composite (time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and a kidney composite (time to renal failure, a sustained decrease ≥ 57% in the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate, or renal death).
TAKEAWAY:
- The median eGDR was 4.1 mg/kg/min. The 50% of patients with a lower eGDR were considered insulin resistant, whereas the remaining half with a higher eGDR were considered insulin sensitive.
- The incidence rate of CV outcomes was higher among patients with insulin resistance in both the finerenone group (incidence rate per 100 patient-years, 5.18 vs 3.47 among insulin-sensitive patients) and the placebo group (6.34 vs 3.76), but eGDR showed no association with kidney outcomes.
- The efficacy of finerenone vs placebo on CV (Wald test P = .063) and kidney outcomes (Wald test P = .51) did not change significantly across the range of baseline eGDR values.
- The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events and severe adverse events with finerenone were similar between the insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subgroups.
IN PRACTICE:
“The efficacy and safety of finerenone were not modified by baseline insulin resistance. A higher risk of CV — but not kidney outcomes was observed in patients with CKD and T2D with greater insulin resistance,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by Thomas Ebert of the Medical Department III — Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, and published online in Diabetes Care.
LIMITATIONS:
This study was not adequately powered to evaluate the statistical significance of the association of eGDR with CV and kidney outcomes and was hypothesis-generating. Further studies are needed to examine whether the effects of insulin resistance differ between individuals with diabetes vs those with advanced CKD with or without diabetes.
DISCLOSURES:
The FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials were conducted and sponsored by Bayer AG. Three authors declared being full-time employees of Bayer. Several authors declared receiving personal fees, consulting fees, grants, or research support from; holding patents with; or having ownership interests in various pharmaceutical companies, including Bayer.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
The Breakthrough Drug Whose Full Promise Remains Unrealized
Celebrating a Decade of Sofosbuvir for Hepatitis C
Prior to 2013, the backbone of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy was pegylated interferon (PEG) in combination with ribavirin (RBV). This year-long therapy was associated with significant side effects and abysmal cure rates. Although efficacy improved with the addition of first-generation protease inhibitors, cure rates remained suboptimal and treatment side effects continued to be significant.
Clinicians and patients needed better options and looked to the drug pipeline with hope. However, even among the most optimistic, the idea that HCV therapy could evolve into an all-oral option seemed a relative pipe dream.
The Sofosbuvir Revolution Begins
The Liver Meeting held in 2013 changed everything.
Several presentations featured compelling data with sofosbuvir, a new polymerase inhibitor that, when combined with RBV, offered an all-oral option to patients with genotypes 2 and 3, as well as improved efficacy for patients with genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 when it was combined with 12 weeks of PEG/RBV.
However, the glass ceiling of HCV care was truly shattered with the randomized COSMOS trial, a late-breaker abstract that revealed 12-week functional cure rates in patients receiving sofosbuvir in combination with the protease inhibitor simeprevir.
This phase 2a trial in treatment-naive and -experienced genotype 1 patients with and without cirrhosis showed that an all-oral option was not only viable for the most common strain of HCV but was also safe and efficacious, even in difficult-to-treat populations.
On December 6, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sofosbuvir for the treatment of HCV, ushering in a new era of therapy.
Guidelines quickly changed to advocate for both expansive HCV screening and generous treatment. Yet, as this more permissive approach was being recommended, the high price tag and large anticipated volume of those seeking prescriptions were setting off alarms. The drug cost triggered extensive restrictions based on degree of fibrosis, sobriety, and provider type in an effort to prevent immediate healthcare expenditures.
Given its high cost, rules restricting a patient to only one course of sofosbuvir-based therapy also surfaced. Although treatment with first-generation protease inhibitors carried a hefty price of $161,813.49 per sustained virologic response (SVR), compared with $66,000-$100,000 for 12 weeks of all-oral therapy, its uptake was low and limited by side effects and comorbid conditions. All-oral treatment appeared to have few medical barriers, leading payers to find ways to slow utilization. These restrictions are now gradually being eliminated.
Because of high SVR rates and few contraindications to therapy, most patients who gained access to treatment achieved cure. This included patients who had previously not responded to treatment and prioritized those with more advanced disease.
This quickly led to a significant shift in the population in need of treatment. Prior to 2013, many patients with HCV had advanced disease and did not respond to prior treatment options. After uptake of all-oral therapy, individuals in need were typically treatment naive without advanced disease.
This shift also added new psychosocial dimensions, as many of the newly infected individuals were struggling with active substance abuse. HCV treatment providers needed to change, with increasing recruitment of advanced practice providers, primary care physicians, and addiction medication specialists.
Progress, but Far From Reaching Targets
Fast-forward to 2023.
Ten years after FDA approval, 13.2 million individuals infected with HCV have been treated globally, 82% with sofosbuvir-based regimens and most in lower-middle-income countries. This is absolutely cause for celebration, but not complacency.
In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution of elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined elimination of HCV as 90% reduction in new cases of infection, 90% diagnosis of those infected, 80% of eligible individuals treated, and 65% reduction of deaths by 2030.
Despite all the success thus far, the CDA Foundation estimates that the WHO elimination targets will not be achieved until after the year 2050. They also note that in 2020, over 50 million individuals were infected with HCV, of which only 20% were diagnosed and 1% annually treated.
The HCV care cascade, by which the patient journeys from screening to cure, is complicated, and a one-size-fits-all solution is not possible. Reflex testing (an automatic transition to HCV polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing in the lab for those who are HCV antibody positive) has significantly improved diagnosis. However, communicating these results and linking a patient to curative therapy remain significant obstacles.
Models and real-life experience show that multiple strategies can be successful. They include leveraging the electronic medical record, simplified treatment algorithms, test-and-treat strategies (screening high-risk populations with a point-of-care test that allows treatment initiation at the same visit), and co-localizing HCV screening and treatment with addiction services and relinkage programs (finding those who are already diagnosed and linking them to treatment).
In addition, focusing on populations at high risk for HCV infection — such as people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and incarcerated individuals — allows for better resource utilization.
Though daunting, HCV elimination is not impossible. There are several examples of success, including in the countries of Georgia and Iceland. Although, comparatively, the United States remains behind the curve, the White House has asked Congress for $11 billion to fund HCV elimination domestically.
As we await action at the national level, clinicians are reminded that there are several things we can do in caring for patients with HCV:
- A one-time HCV screening is recommended in all individuals aged 18 or older, including pregnant people with each pregnancy.
- HCV antibody testing with reflex to PCR should be used as the screening test.
- Pan-genotypic all-oral therapy is recommended for patients with HCV. Cure rates are greater than 95%, and there are few contraindications to treatment.
- Most people are eligible for simplified treatment algorithms that allow minimal on-treatment monitoring.
Without increased screening and linkage to curative therapy, we will not meet the WHO goals for HCV elimination.
Dr. Reau is chief of the hepatology section at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and a regular contributor to this news organization. She serves as editor of Clinical Liver Disease, a multimedia review journal, and recently as a member of HCVGuidelines.org, a web-based resource from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, as well as educational chair of the AASLD hepatitis C special interest group. She continues to have an active role in the hepatology interest group of the World Gastroenterology Organisation and the American Liver Foundation at the regional and national levels. She disclosed ties with AbbVie, Gilead, Arbutus, Intercept, and Salix.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Celebrating a Decade of Sofosbuvir for Hepatitis C
Celebrating a Decade of Sofosbuvir for Hepatitis C
Prior to 2013, the backbone of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy was pegylated interferon (PEG) in combination with ribavirin (RBV). This year-long therapy was associated with significant side effects and abysmal cure rates. Although efficacy improved with the addition of first-generation protease inhibitors, cure rates remained suboptimal and treatment side effects continued to be significant.
Clinicians and patients needed better options and looked to the drug pipeline with hope. However, even among the most optimistic, the idea that HCV therapy could evolve into an all-oral option seemed a relative pipe dream.
The Sofosbuvir Revolution Begins
The Liver Meeting held in 2013 changed everything.
Several presentations featured compelling data with sofosbuvir, a new polymerase inhibitor that, when combined with RBV, offered an all-oral option to patients with genotypes 2 and 3, as well as improved efficacy for patients with genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 when it was combined with 12 weeks of PEG/RBV.
However, the glass ceiling of HCV care was truly shattered with the randomized COSMOS trial, a late-breaker abstract that revealed 12-week functional cure rates in patients receiving sofosbuvir in combination with the protease inhibitor simeprevir.
This phase 2a trial in treatment-naive and -experienced genotype 1 patients with and without cirrhosis showed that an all-oral option was not only viable for the most common strain of HCV but was also safe and efficacious, even in difficult-to-treat populations.
On December 6, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sofosbuvir for the treatment of HCV, ushering in a new era of therapy.
Guidelines quickly changed to advocate for both expansive HCV screening and generous treatment. Yet, as this more permissive approach was being recommended, the high price tag and large anticipated volume of those seeking prescriptions were setting off alarms. The drug cost triggered extensive restrictions based on degree of fibrosis, sobriety, and provider type in an effort to prevent immediate healthcare expenditures.
Given its high cost, rules restricting a patient to only one course of sofosbuvir-based therapy also surfaced. Although treatment with first-generation protease inhibitors carried a hefty price of $161,813.49 per sustained virologic response (SVR), compared with $66,000-$100,000 for 12 weeks of all-oral therapy, its uptake was low and limited by side effects and comorbid conditions. All-oral treatment appeared to have few medical barriers, leading payers to find ways to slow utilization. These restrictions are now gradually being eliminated.
Because of high SVR rates and few contraindications to therapy, most patients who gained access to treatment achieved cure. This included patients who had previously not responded to treatment and prioritized those with more advanced disease.
This quickly led to a significant shift in the population in need of treatment. Prior to 2013, many patients with HCV had advanced disease and did not respond to prior treatment options. After uptake of all-oral therapy, individuals in need were typically treatment naive without advanced disease.
This shift also added new psychosocial dimensions, as many of the newly infected individuals were struggling with active substance abuse. HCV treatment providers needed to change, with increasing recruitment of advanced practice providers, primary care physicians, and addiction medication specialists.
Progress, but Far From Reaching Targets
Fast-forward to 2023.
Ten years after FDA approval, 13.2 million individuals infected with HCV have been treated globally, 82% with sofosbuvir-based regimens and most in lower-middle-income countries. This is absolutely cause for celebration, but not complacency.
In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution of elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined elimination of HCV as 90% reduction in new cases of infection, 90% diagnosis of those infected, 80% of eligible individuals treated, and 65% reduction of deaths by 2030.
Despite all the success thus far, the CDA Foundation estimates that the WHO elimination targets will not be achieved until after the year 2050. They also note that in 2020, over 50 million individuals were infected with HCV, of which only 20% were diagnosed and 1% annually treated.
The HCV care cascade, by which the patient journeys from screening to cure, is complicated, and a one-size-fits-all solution is not possible. Reflex testing (an automatic transition to HCV polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing in the lab for those who are HCV antibody positive) has significantly improved diagnosis. However, communicating these results and linking a patient to curative therapy remain significant obstacles.
Models and real-life experience show that multiple strategies can be successful. They include leveraging the electronic medical record, simplified treatment algorithms, test-and-treat strategies (screening high-risk populations with a point-of-care test that allows treatment initiation at the same visit), and co-localizing HCV screening and treatment with addiction services and relinkage programs (finding those who are already diagnosed and linking them to treatment).
In addition, focusing on populations at high risk for HCV infection — such as people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and incarcerated individuals — allows for better resource utilization.
Though daunting, HCV elimination is not impossible. There are several examples of success, including in the countries of Georgia and Iceland. Although, comparatively, the United States remains behind the curve, the White House has asked Congress for $11 billion to fund HCV elimination domestically.
As we await action at the national level, clinicians are reminded that there are several things we can do in caring for patients with HCV:
- A one-time HCV screening is recommended in all individuals aged 18 or older, including pregnant people with each pregnancy.
- HCV antibody testing with reflex to PCR should be used as the screening test.
- Pan-genotypic all-oral therapy is recommended for patients with HCV. Cure rates are greater than 95%, and there are few contraindications to treatment.
- Most people are eligible for simplified treatment algorithms that allow minimal on-treatment monitoring.
Without increased screening and linkage to curative therapy, we will not meet the WHO goals for HCV elimination.
Dr. Reau is chief of the hepatology section at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and a regular contributor to this news organization. She serves as editor of Clinical Liver Disease, a multimedia review journal, and recently as a member of HCVGuidelines.org, a web-based resource from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, as well as educational chair of the AASLD hepatitis C special interest group. She continues to have an active role in the hepatology interest group of the World Gastroenterology Organisation and the American Liver Foundation at the regional and national levels. She disclosed ties with AbbVie, Gilead, Arbutus, Intercept, and Salix.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Prior to 2013, the backbone of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy was pegylated interferon (PEG) in combination with ribavirin (RBV). This year-long therapy was associated with significant side effects and abysmal cure rates. Although efficacy improved with the addition of first-generation protease inhibitors, cure rates remained suboptimal and treatment side effects continued to be significant.
Clinicians and patients needed better options and looked to the drug pipeline with hope. However, even among the most optimistic, the idea that HCV therapy could evolve into an all-oral option seemed a relative pipe dream.
The Sofosbuvir Revolution Begins
The Liver Meeting held in 2013 changed everything.
Several presentations featured compelling data with sofosbuvir, a new polymerase inhibitor that, when combined with RBV, offered an all-oral option to patients with genotypes 2 and 3, as well as improved efficacy for patients with genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 when it was combined with 12 weeks of PEG/RBV.
However, the glass ceiling of HCV care was truly shattered with the randomized COSMOS trial, a late-breaker abstract that revealed 12-week functional cure rates in patients receiving sofosbuvir in combination with the protease inhibitor simeprevir.
This phase 2a trial in treatment-naive and -experienced genotype 1 patients with and without cirrhosis showed that an all-oral option was not only viable for the most common strain of HCV but was also safe and efficacious, even in difficult-to-treat populations.
On December 6, 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sofosbuvir for the treatment of HCV, ushering in a new era of therapy.
Guidelines quickly changed to advocate for both expansive HCV screening and generous treatment. Yet, as this more permissive approach was being recommended, the high price tag and large anticipated volume of those seeking prescriptions were setting off alarms. The drug cost triggered extensive restrictions based on degree of fibrosis, sobriety, and provider type in an effort to prevent immediate healthcare expenditures.
Given its high cost, rules restricting a patient to only one course of sofosbuvir-based therapy also surfaced. Although treatment with first-generation protease inhibitors carried a hefty price of $161,813.49 per sustained virologic response (SVR), compared with $66,000-$100,000 for 12 weeks of all-oral therapy, its uptake was low and limited by side effects and comorbid conditions. All-oral treatment appeared to have few medical barriers, leading payers to find ways to slow utilization. These restrictions are now gradually being eliminated.
Because of high SVR rates and few contraindications to therapy, most patients who gained access to treatment achieved cure. This included patients who had previously not responded to treatment and prioritized those with more advanced disease.
This quickly led to a significant shift in the population in need of treatment. Prior to 2013, many patients with HCV had advanced disease and did not respond to prior treatment options. After uptake of all-oral therapy, individuals in need were typically treatment naive without advanced disease.
This shift also added new psychosocial dimensions, as many of the newly infected individuals were struggling with active substance abuse. HCV treatment providers needed to change, with increasing recruitment of advanced practice providers, primary care physicians, and addiction medication specialists.
Progress, but Far From Reaching Targets
Fast-forward to 2023.
Ten years after FDA approval, 13.2 million individuals infected with HCV have been treated globally, 82% with sofosbuvir-based regimens and most in lower-middle-income countries. This is absolutely cause for celebration, but not complacency.
In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution of elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined elimination of HCV as 90% reduction in new cases of infection, 90% diagnosis of those infected, 80% of eligible individuals treated, and 65% reduction of deaths by 2030.
Despite all the success thus far, the CDA Foundation estimates that the WHO elimination targets will not be achieved until after the year 2050. They also note that in 2020, over 50 million individuals were infected with HCV, of which only 20% were diagnosed and 1% annually treated.
The HCV care cascade, by which the patient journeys from screening to cure, is complicated, and a one-size-fits-all solution is not possible. Reflex testing (an automatic transition to HCV polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing in the lab for those who are HCV antibody positive) has significantly improved diagnosis. However, communicating these results and linking a patient to curative therapy remain significant obstacles.
Models and real-life experience show that multiple strategies can be successful. They include leveraging the electronic medical record, simplified treatment algorithms, test-and-treat strategies (screening high-risk populations with a point-of-care test that allows treatment initiation at the same visit), and co-localizing HCV screening and treatment with addiction services and relinkage programs (finding those who are already diagnosed and linking them to treatment).
In addition, focusing on populations at high risk for HCV infection — such as people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and incarcerated individuals — allows for better resource utilization.
Though daunting, HCV elimination is not impossible. There are several examples of success, including in the countries of Georgia and Iceland. Although, comparatively, the United States remains behind the curve, the White House has asked Congress for $11 billion to fund HCV elimination domestically.
As we await action at the national level, clinicians are reminded that there are several things we can do in caring for patients with HCV:
- A one-time HCV screening is recommended in all individuals aged 18 or older, including pregnant people with each pregnancy.
- HCV antibody testing with reflex to PCR should be used as the screening test.
- Pan-genotypic all-oral therapy is recommended for patients with HCV. Cure rates are greater than 95%, and there are few contraindications to treatment.
- Most people are eligible for simplified treatment algorithms that allow minimal on-treatment monitoring.
Without increased screening and linkage to curative therapy, we will not meet the WHO goals for HCV elimination.
Dr. Reau is chief of the hepatology section at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and a regular contributor to this news organization. She serves as editor of Clinical Liver Disease, a multimedia review journal, and recently as a member of HCVGuidelines.org, a web-based resource from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, as well as educational chair of the AASLD hepatitis C special interest group. She continues to have an active role in the hepatology interest group of the World Gastroenterology Organisation and the American Liver Foundation at the regional and national levels. She disclosed ties with AbbVie, Gilead, Arbutus, Intercept, and Salix.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Low Vitamin D Levels May Signal CVD Risk in Young Adults
TOPLINE:
, small study finds.
METHODOLOGY:
- A secondary analysis of the Activating Brown Adipose Tissue Through Exercise (ACTIBATE) trial assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors.
- The cross-sectional study used baseline data of in 177 healthy sedentary adults ages 18-25 years (65% women; all White individuals), who were recruited between October 2015 and December 2016 from Granada, a region in the south of Spain.
- Study participants were nonsmokers, led a sedentary lifestyle, and did not have a prior history of CVD or chronic illnesses.
- The CVD risk factors included anthropometrical and body composition profiles, glucose and lipid metabolism, liver, and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
- 25(OH)D serum concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay and defined as deficient (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient (21-29 ng/mL), or normal (> 30 ng/mL).
TAKEAWAY:
- The levels correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI; standardized regression coefficient [beta], −0.177; P = .018), fat mass index (beta, −0.195; P = .011), and systolic blood pressure (beta, −0.137; P = .038), after adjusting for sex.
- Glucose metabolism markers (serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin/glucose ratio, and homeostatic model assessment of index) also correlated inversely with vitamin D levels.
- The trend was similar for liver markers serum γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4.
- BMI, waist/hip ratio, fat mass index, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, insulin, , and liver markers were higher in the 44 participants with vitamin D deficiency vs 41 participants with normal vitamin D levels.
IN PRACTICE:
“Collectively, these findings support the idea that 25(OH)D concentrations may be used as a useful marker of CVD status, which can be easily monitored in young individuals,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by first author Francisco J. AmaroGahete, MD, PhD, from the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain, who also holds positions in other institutions. It was published online in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.
LIMITATIONS:
This study could not establish causal relationships due to its cross-sectional design. The results might not apply to younger or older people from different locations and ethnic backgrounds. The gold standard method for analyzing vitamin D levels, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, was not used in this study.
DISCLOSURES:
This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spanish Ministry of Education, AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation, and other sources. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
, small study finds.
METHODOLOGY:
- A secondary analysis of the Activating Brown Adipose Tissue Through Exercise (ACTIBATE) trial assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors.
- The cross-sectional study used baseline data of in 177 healthy sedentary adults ages 18-25 years (65% women; all White individuals), who were recruited between October 2015 and December 2016 from Granada, a region in the south of Spain.
- Study participants were nonsmokers, led a sedentary lifestyle, and did not have a prior history of CVD or chronic illnesses.
- The CVD risk factors included anthropometrical and body composition profiles, glucose and lipid metabolism, liver, and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
- 25(OH)D serum concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay and defined as deficient (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient (21-29 ng/mL), or normal (> 30 ng/mL).
TAKEAWAY:
- The levels correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI; standardized regression coefficient [beta], −0.177; P = .018), fat mass index (beta, −0.195; P = .011), and systolic blood pressure (beta, −0.137; P = .038), after adjusting for sex.
- Glucose metabolism markers (serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin/glucose ratio, and homeostatic model assessment of index) also correlated inversely with vitamin D levels.
- The trend was similar for liver markers serum γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4.
- BMI, waist/hip ratio, fat mass index, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, insulin, , and liver markers were higher in the 44 participants with vitamin D deficiency vs 41 participants with normal vitamin D levels.
IN PRACTICE:
“Collectively, these findings support the idea that 25(OH)D concentrations may be used as a useful marker of CVD status, which can be easily monitored in young individuals,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by first author Francisco J. AmaroGahete, MD, PhD, from the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain, who also holds positions in other institutions. It was published online in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.
LIMITATIONS:
This study could not establish causal relationships due to its cross-sectional design. The results might not apply to younger or older people from different locations and ethnic backgrounds. The gold standard method for analyzing vitamin D levels, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, was not used in this study.
DISCLOSURES:
This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spanish Ministry of Education, AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation, and other sources. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
, small study finds.
METHODOLOGY:
- A secondary analysis of the Activating Brown Adipose Tissue Through Exercise (ACTIBATE) trial assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CVD risk factors.
- The cross-sectional study used baseline data of in 177 healthy sedentary adults ages 18-25 years (65% women; all White individuals), who were recruited between October 2015 and December 2016 from Granada, a region in the south of Spain.
- Study participants were nonsmokers, led a sedentary lifestyle, and did not have a prior history of CVD or chronic illnesses.
- The CVD risk factors included anthropometrical and body composition profiles, glucose and lipid metabolism, liver, and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
- 25(OH)D serum concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay and defined as deficient (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient (21-29 ng/mL), or normal (> 30 ng/mL).
TAKEAWAY:
- The levels correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI; standardized regression coefficient [beta], −0.177; P = .018), fat mass index (beta, −0.195; P = .011), and systolic blood pressure (beta, −0.137; P = .038), after adjusting for sex.
- Glucose metabolism markers (serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin/glucose ratio, and homeostatic model assessment of index) also correlated inversely with vitamin D levels.
- The trend was similar for liver markers serum γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4.
- BMI, waist/hip ratio, fat mass index, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, insulin, , and liver markers were higher in the 44 participants with vitamin D deficiency vs 41 participants with normal vitamin D levels.
IN PRACTICE:
“Collectively, these findings support the idea that 25(OH)D concentrations may be used as a useful marker of CVD status, which can be easily monitored in young individuals,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was led by first author Francisco J. AmaroGahete, MD, PhD, from the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain, who also holds positions in other institutions. It was published online in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.
LIMITATIONS:
This study could not establish causal relationships due to its cross-sectional design. The results might not apply to younger or older people from different locations and ethnic backgrounds. The gold standard method for analyzing vitamin D levels, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, was not used in this study.
DISCLOSURES:
This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spanish Ministry of Education, AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation, and other sources. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Prolonged Sitting at Work Ups CVD and All-Cause Mortality, Daily Breaks May Help
However, daily breaks from sitting and leisure-time activity can help mitigate the “serious” risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting, the researchers say.
“As part of modern lifestyles, prolonged occupational sitting is considered normal and has not received due attention, even though its deleterious effect on health outcomes has been demonstrated,” wrote the authors, led by Wayne Gao, PhD, with Taipei Medical University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan.
“The importance of physical activity and moving around can never be overstated,” Michelle Bloom, MD, director of the cardio-oncology program at NYU Langone Health in New York, who wasn’t involved in the study, told this news organization.
“As a cardiologist, I bring this up at almost every visit with every patient regardless of why they’re seeing me, because I think that patients respond better when their doctor says it than when they just kind of know it in the back of their mind,” said Dr. Bloom, who is also a professor in the Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York.
The study was published online in JAMA Network Open.
Prolonged Sitting Hard on the Heart
2020 marked the first time that guidelines on physical activity from the World Health Organization recommended reducing sedentary behaviors owing to their health consequences. Less is known on the specific association of prolonged occupational sitting with health outcomes, especially in the context of low physical activity.
For their study, Dr. Gao and colleagues quantified health risks associated with prolonged sitting on the job and determined whether a certain threshold of physical activity may attenuate this risk.
Participants included 481,688 adults (mean age, 39 years; 53% women) in a health surveillance program in Taiwan. Data on occupational sitting, leisure-time physical activity, lifestyle, and metabolic parameters were collected.
During an average follow up of nearly 13 years, 26,257 participants died; more than half (57%) of the deaths occurred in individuals who mostly sat at work. There were 5371 CVD-related deaths, with 60% occurring in the mostly sitting group.
In multivariate analysis that adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, drinking, and body mass index, adults who mostly sat at work had a 16% higher risk of dying of any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and a 34% increased risk of dying of CVD (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.46) compared with those who mostly did not sit at work.
Adults who mostly alternated between sitting and not sitting at work were not at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals who mostly did not at work (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05).
Among adults who mostly sat at work and engaged in low (15-29 minutes) or no (< 15 minutes) daily leisure-time activity, increasing activity by 15 and 30 minutes per day, respectively, lowered the risk for mortality to a level similar to that of inactive individuals who mostly do not sit at work.
“Overall, our findings from a large prospective cohort help to strengthen the increasingly accumulating evidence linking a sedentary lifestyle and health risks,” the authors wrote.
“Systemic changes, such as more frequent breaks, standing desks, designated workplace areas for physical activity, and gym membership benefits, can help reduce risk,” they added.
Simple Yet Profound Message
Reached for comment, Anu Lala, MD, with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York, said this study provides a “simple yet profound message” about the dangers of prolonged sitting.
The finding of a 16% higher all-cause mortality in those who mostly sat at work after adjustment for major risk factors is “pretty remarkable. And for CVD mortality, it’s double that,” Dr. Lala told this news organization.
“I think we undervalue the importance of movement, however simple it is. Even simple actions, like squatting and standing up have benefits for the heart,” Dr. Lala added.
Dr. Bloom said she tells her patients, “You don’t have to go out tomorrow and run a marathon. Just get up a few times a day, walk a few laps in your office, walk back and forth from the mailbox, walk up and down your steps a couple of times — just do something more than you’re doing already.”
The study had no commercial funding. Dr. Gao and Dr. Bloom have no relevant disclosures. Dr. Lala has serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant, or trustee for Novartis, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Cordio, Zoll, and Sequana Medical.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
However, daily breaks from sitting and leisure-time activity can help mitigate the “serious” risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting, the researchers say.
“As part of modern lifestyles, prolonged occupational sitting is considered normal and has not received due attention, even though its deleterious effect on health outcomes has been demonstrated,” wrote the authors, led by Wayne Gao, PhD, with Taipei Medical University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan.
“The importance of physical activity and moving around can never be overstated,” Michelle Bloom, MD, director of the cardio-oncology program at NYU Langone Health in New York, who wasn’t involved in the study, told this news organization.
“As a cardiologist, I bring this up at almost every visit with every patient regardless of why they’re seeing me, because I think that patients respond better when their doctor says it than when they just kind of know it in the back of their mind,” said Dr. Bloom, who is also a professor in the Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York.
The study was published online in JAMA Network Open.
Prolonged Sitting Hard on the Heart
2020 marked the first time that guidelines on physical activity from the World Health Organization recommended reducing sedentary behaviors owing to their health consequences. Less is known on the specific association of prolonged occupational sitting with health outcomes, especially in the context of low physical activity.
For their study, Dr. Gao and colleagues quantified health risks associated with prolonged sitting on the job and determined whether a certain threshold of physical activity may attenuate this risk.
Participants included 481,688 adults (mean age, 39 years; 53% women) in a health surveillance program in Taiwan. Data on occupational sitting, leisure-time physical activity, lifestyle, and metabolic parameters were collected.
During an average follow up of nearly 13 years, 26,257 participants died; more than half (57%) of the deaths occurred in individuals who mostly sat at work. There were 5371 CVD-related deaths, with 60% occurring in the mostly sitting group.
In multivariate analysis that adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, drinking, and body mass index, adults who mostly sat at work had a 16% higher risk of dying of any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and a 34% increased risk of dying of CVD (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.46) compared with those who mostly did not sit at work.
Adults who mostly alternated between sitting and not sitting at work were not at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals who mostly did not at work (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05).
Among adults who mostly sat at work and engaged in low (15-29 minutes) or no (< 15 minutes) daily leisure-time activity, increasing activity by 15 and 30 minutes per day, respectively, lowered the risk for mortality to a level similar to that of inactive individuals who mostly do not sit at work.
“Overall, our findings from a large prospective cohort help to strengthen the increasingly accumulating evidence linking a sedentary lifestyle and health risks,” the authors wrote.
“Systemic changes, such as more frequent breaks, standing desks, designated workplace areas for physical activity, and gym membership benefits, can help reduce risk,” they added.
Simple Yet Profound Message
Reached for comment, Anu Lala, MD, with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York, said this study provides a “simple yet profound message” about the dangers of prolonged sitting.
The finding of a 16% higher all-cause mortality in those who mostly sat at work after adjustment for major risk factors is “pretty remarkable. And for CVD mortality, it’s double that,” Dr. Lala told this news organization.
“I think we undervalue the importance of movement, however simple it is. Even simple actions, like squatting and standing up have benefits for the heart,” Dr. Lala added.
Dr. Bloom said she tells her patients, “You don’t have to go out tomorrow and run a marathon. Just get up a few times a day, walk a few laps in your office, walk back and forth from the mailbox, walk up and down your steps a couple of times — just do something more than you’re doing already.”
The study had no commercial funding. Dr. Gao and Dr. Bloom have no relevant disclosures. Dr. Lala has serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant, or trustee for Novartis, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Cordio, Zoll, and Sequana Medical.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
However, daily breaks from sitting and leisure-time activity can help mitigate the “serious” risks associated with prolonged occupational sitting, the researchers say.
“As part of modern lifestyles, prolonged occupational sitting is considered normal and has not received due attention, even though its deleterious effect on health outcomes has been demonstrated,” wrote the authors, led by Wayne Gao, PhD, with Taipei Medical University College of Public Health, Taipei City, Taiwan.
“The importance of physical activity and moving around can never be overstated,” Michelle Bloom, MD, director of the cardio-oncology program at NYU Langone Health in New York, who wasn’t involved in the study, told this news organization.
“As a cardiologist, I bring this up at almost every visit with every patient regardless of why they’re seeing me, because I think that patients respond better when their doctor says it than when they just kind of know it in the back of their mind,” said Dr. Bloom, who is also a professor in the Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York.
The study was published online in JAMA Network Open.
Prolonged Sitting Hard on the Heart
2020 marked the first time that guidelines on physical activity from the World Health Organization recommended reducing sedentary behaviors owing to their health consequences. Less is known on the specific association of prolonged occupational sitting with health outcomes, especially in the context of low physical activity.
For their study, Dr. Gao and colleagues quantified health risks associated with prolonged sitting on the job and determined whether a certain threshold of physical activity may attenuate this risk.
Participants included 481,688 adults (mean age, 39 years; 53% women) in a health surveillance program in Taiwan. Data on occupational sitting, leisure-time physical activity, lifestyle, and metabolic parameters were collected.
During an average follow up of nearly 13 years, 26,257 participants died; more than half (57%) of the deaths occurred in individuals who mostly sat at work. There were 5371 CVD-related deaths, with 60% occurring in the mostly sitting group.
In multivariate analysis that adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, drinking, and body mass index, adults who mostly sat at work had a 16% higher risk of dying of any cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and a 34% increased risk of dying of CVD (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.46) compared with those who mostly did not sit at work.
Adults who mostly alternated between sitting and not sitting at work were not at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals who mostly did not at work (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05).
Among adults who mostly sat at work and engaged in low (15-29 minutes) or no (< 15 minutes) daily leisure-time activity, increasing activity by 15 and 30 minutes per day, respectively, lowered the risk for mortality to a level similar to that of inactive individuals who mostly do not sit at work.
“Overall, our findings from a large prospective cohort help to strengthen the increasingly accumulating evidence linking a sedentary lifestyle and health risks,” the authors wrote.
“Systemic changes, such as more frequent breaks, standing desks, designated workplace areas for physical activity, and gym membership benefits, can help reduce risk,” they added.
Simple Yet Profound Message
Reached for comment, Anu Lala, MD, with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York, said this study provides a “simple yet profound message” about the dangers of prolonged sitting.
The finding of a 16% higher all-cause mortality in those who mostly sat at work after adjustment for major risk factors is “pretty remarkable. And for CVD mortality, it’s double that,” Dr. Lala told this news organization.
“I think we undervalue the importance of movement, however simple it is. Even simple actions, like squatting and standing up have benefits for the heart,” Dr. Lala added.
Dr. Bloom said she tells her patients, “You don’t have to go out tomorrow and run a marathon. Just get up a few times a day, walk a few laps in your office, walk back and forth from the mailbox, walk up and down your steps a couple of times — just do something more than you’re doing already.”
The study had no commercial funding. Dr. Gao and Dr. Bloom have no relevant disclosures. Dr. Lala has serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant, or trustee for Novartis, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Cordio, Zoll, and Sequana Medical.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
FROM JAMA NETWORK OPEN
AI Boosts Diabetic Eye Screening and Follow-Up in Youth
TOPLINE:
Artificial intelligence (AI) boosts the screening rate for potentially blinding diabetes eye disorders in a diabetes clinic compared with referral to an eye care provider (ECP) in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population with diabetes.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although early screening and treatment can prevent diabetic eye diseases (DEDs), many people with diabetes in the United States lack access to and knowledge about diabetic eye exams.
- The trial included 164 patients aged 8-21 years (58% female, 35% Black, and 6% Hispanic) with type 1 or 2 diabetes with no known DED and no diabetic eye exam in the last 6 months.
- In a diabetes clinic, patients were randomly assigned to an AI diabetic eye exam (intervention arm) then and there or to standard of care, referred to an ECP with scripted educational material (control).
- Participants in the intervention arm underwent the 5- to 10-minute autonomous AI diabetic eye exam without pharmacologic dilation. The results were generated immediately as either “DED present” or “DED absent.”
- The primary outcome was the completion rate of documented diabetic eye exams within 6 months (“primary gap closure rate”), either by AI or going to the ECP. The secondary outcome was ECP follow-up by intervention participants with DED (intervention) and all control patients.
TAKEAWAY:
- Within 6 months, all the participants (100%) in the intervention arm completed their diabetic eye exam, a primary care gap closure rate of 100% (95% CI, 96%-100%).
- The rate of primary care gap closure was significantly higher in the intervention vs control arm (100% vs 22%; P < .001).
- In the intervention arm, 64% of patients with DED followed up with an eye care provider within 6 months compared with a mere 22% participants in the control arm (P < .001).
- Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with autonomous AI, with 92.5% expressing satisfaction with the exam’s duration and 96% expressing satisfaction with the whole experience.
IN PRACTICE:
“Autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion rates and closes this care gap in a racially and ethnically diverse population of youth with diabetes, compared to standard of care,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, which was led by Risa M. Wolf, MD, department of pediatrics, division of endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, was published online on January 11, 2024, in Nature Communications.
LIMITATIONS:
This study used autonomous AI in the youth although it’s not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in individuals aged 21 years and younger. Some of the participants in this study were already familiar with autonomous AI diabetic eye exams, which might have contributed to their willingness to participate in the current study. The autonomous AI used in the study was shown to have a lack of racial and ethnic bias, but any AI bias caused by differences in retinal pigment has potential to increase rather than decrease health disparities.
DISCLOSURES:
The clinical trial was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Diabetes Research Connection. Wolf, the lead author, declared receiving research support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. Coauthor Michael D. Abramoff, MD, declared serving in various roles such as investor, director, and consultant for Digital Diagnostics Inc., as well as other ties with many sources.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
Artificial intelligence (AI) boosts the screening rate for potentially blinding diabetes eye disorders in a diabetes clinic compared with referral to an eye care provider (ECP) in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population with diabetes.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although early screening and treatment can prevent diabetic eye diseases (DEDs), many people with diabetes in the United States lack access to and knowledge about diabetic eye exams.
- The trial included 164 patients aged 8-21 years (58% female, 35% Black, and 6% Hispanic) with type 1 or 2 diabetes with no known DED and no diabetic eye exam in the last 6 months.
- In a diabetes clinic, patients were randomly assigned to an AI diabetic eye exam (intervention arm) then and there or to standard of care, referred to an ECP with scripted educational material (control).
- Participants in the intervention arm underwent the 5- to 10-minute autonomous AI diabetic eye exam without pharmacologic dilation. The results were generated immediately as either “DED present” or “DED absent.”
- The primary outcome was the completion rate of documented diabetic eye exams within 6 months (“primary gap closure rate”), either by AI or going to the ECP. The secondary outcome was ECP follow-up by intervention participants with DED (intervention) and all control patients.
TAKEAWAY:
- Within 6 months, all the participants (100%) in the intervention arm completed their diabetic eye exam, a primary care gap closure rate of 100% (95% CI, 96%-100%).
- The rate of primary care gap closure was significantly higher in the intervention vs control arm (100% vs 22%; P < .001).
- In the intervention arm, 64% of patients with DED followed up with an eye care provider within 6 months compared with a mere 22% participants in the control arm (P < .001).
- Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with autonomous AI, with 92.5% expressing satisfaction with the exam’s duration and 96% expressing satisfaction with the whole experience.
IN PRACTICE:
“Autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion rates and closes this care gap in a racially and ethnically diverse population of youth with diabetes, compared to standard of care,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, which was led by Risa M. Wolf, MD, department of pediatrics, division of endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, was published online on January 11, 2024, in Nature Communications.
LIMITATIONS:
This study used autonomous AI in the youth although it’s not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in individuals aged 21 years and younger. Some of the participants in this study were already familiar with autonomous AI diabetic eye exams, which might have contributed to their willingness to participate in the current study. The autonomous AI used in the study was shown to have a lack of racial and ethnic bias, but any AI bias caused by differences in retinal pigment has potential to increase rather than decrease health disparities.
DISCLOSURES:
The clinical trial was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Diabetes Research Connection. Wolf, the lead author, declared receiving research support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. Coauthor Michael D. Abramoff, MD, declared serving in various roles such as investor, director, and consultant for Digital Diagnostics Inc., as well as other ties with many sources.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
TOPLINE:
Artificial intelligence (AI) boosts the screening rate for potentially blinding diabetes eye disorders in a diabetes clinic compared with referral to an eye care provider (ECP) in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population with diabetes.
METHODOLOGY:
- Although early screening and treatment can prevent diabetic eye diseases (DEDs), many people with diabetes in the United States lack access to and knowledge about diabetic eye exams.
- The trial included 164 patients aged 8-21 years (58% female, 35% Black, and 6% Hispanic) with type 1 or 2 diabetes with no known DED and no diabetic eye exam in the last 6 months.
- In a diabetes clinic, patients were randomly assigned to an AI diabetic eye exam (intervention arm) then and there or to standard of care, referred to an ECP with scripted educational material (control).
- Participants in the intervention arm underwent the 5- to 10-minute autonomous AI diabetic eye exam without pharmacologic dilation. The results were generated immediately as either “DED present” or “DED absent.”
- The primary outcome was the completion rate of documented diabetic eye exams within 6 months (“primary gap closure rate”), either by AI or going to the ECP. The secondary outcome was ECP follow-up by intervention participants with DED (intervention) and all control patients.
TAKEAWAY:
- Within 6 months, all the participants (100%) in the intervention arm completed their diabetic eye exam, a primary care gap closure rate of 100% (95% CI, 96%-100%).
- The rate of primary care gap closure was significantly higher in the intervention vs control arm (100% vs 22%; P < .001).
- In the intervention arm, 64% of patients with DED followed up with an eye care provider within 6 months compared with a mere 22% participants in the control arm (P < .001).
- Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with autonomous AI, with 92.5% expressing satisfaction with the exam’s duration and 96% expressing satisfaction with the whole experience.
IN PRACTICE:
“Autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion rates and closes this care gap in a racially and ethnically diverse population of youth with diabetes, compared to standard of care,” the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study, which was led by Risa M. Wolf, MD, department of pediatrics, division of endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, was published online on January 11, 2024, in Nature Communications.
LIMITATIONS:
This study used autonomous AI in the youth although it’s not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in individuals aged 21 years and younger. Some of the participants in this study were already familiar with autonomous AI diabetic eye exams, which might have contributed to their willingness to participate in the current study. The autonomous AI used in the study was shown to have a lack of racial and ethnic bias, but any AI bias caused by differences in retinal pigment has potential to increase rather than decrease health disparities.
DISCLOSURES:
The clinical trial was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Diabetes Research Connection. Wolf, the lead author, declared receiving research support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. Coauthor Michael D. Abramoff, MD, declared serving in various roles such as investor, director, and consultant for Digital Diagnostics Inc., as well as other ties with many sources.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Vibrating Belt Receives Approval to Help Women With Osteopenia Keep Bone Strength
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a wearable belt device for postmenopausal women with osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, according to the company’s manufacturer, Bone Health Technologies.
According to the company, the device (Osteoboost) is the first nonpharmacologic device-based, prescription-only treatment for postmenopausal women with low bone density. It has not been tested for ability to reduce fracture risk.
The device is worn around the hips and delivers calibrated mild vibrations to the hips and lumbar spine to help preserve bone strength and density. A vibration pack is mounted to the back of the belt.
FDA approval, announced on January 18, was based on the findings of a National Institutes of Health–funded double-blinded, sham-controlled study of 126 women with low bone density conducted at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. The data were shared at the 2023 Endocrine Society and American Society for Bone and Mineral Research annual meetings and published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society.
Lead investigator Laura D. Bilek, PT, PhD, associate dean for research and associate professor at the University of Nebraska, and colleagues wrote that the primary outcome measurement was the change in vertebral strength measured by CT scans for women who used the device a minimum of three times per week compared with a sham group who wore a belt that emitted sound but had no vibrations.
Compressive strength and volumetric density of the first lumbar vertebra were analyzed.
In the active-belt group, women lost, on average, 0.48% bone strength, while those in the sham group lost nearly 2.84% (P = .014), about five times as much. Results also showed that participants in the active treatment group who used the device three times per week lost 0.29% bone mineral density (BMD) compared with the 1.97% BMD lost in the control group. No adverse events were reported in the study.
Sonali Khandelwal, MD, a rheumatologist at Rush University in Chicago, told this news organization there’s considerable fear among some patients about long-term use of available medications for bone health, “so any modality that is nontherapeutic — not a pill — is always exciting.”
The endpoints of the study are one good measure, she said, but she emphasized that it will be important to show that the improved bone density from the belt that is described in this study “is a true marker of decreased fracture risk.”
Because there are no apparent side effects, she said it may be effective in combination with weight-bearing exercise, vitamin D and calcium, and/or medication, depending on severity of bone loss.
Current medications on the market for osteoporosis have been shown to improve bone strength and reduce fracture risk, she noted.
“It could help; I just don’t think we have enough evidence that it will completely treat the bone loss,” Dr. Khandelwal said.
She said she sees the potential population most interested in the belt as premenopausal women with a family history of bone loss who may not meet the level of bone loss for medical management but are interested in prevention.
“I also think of individuals who might already meet medication needs but are completely averse to being on medication,” she said. The bulk of her practice is treating bone loss, she said, estimating that 20% of her patients do not want to be on medication.
Bone Health Technologies CEO Laura Yecies, MBA, told this news organization the company has not yet set the price for the device and noted that because it will be available by prescription only, out-of-pocket costs and copays will differ. She said the company expects to begin shipping later this year. Requests for update notifications can be made at the company’s website.
Dr. Bilek told this news organization the device was tested for a year, so it’s unclear how long people with osteopenia would need to wear the belt for maximum benefit.
The theory behind the mechanism of action, she said, “is that the vibration actually inhibits the cells [osteoclasts] that take away bone mass.”
The researchers included only postmenopausal women with osteopenia in the study, but Dr. Bilek said she would like to test the device on other groups, such as men with prostate cancer getting testosterone-blocking therapy, which can result in loss of bone density. An estimated 34 million people in the United States have osteopenia.
Dr. Bilek said a next step for the study is to enroll a more diverse cohort at an additional center to test the device because most of the women in this one were White.
She noted that women’s bone mass peaks at age 30 and then starts to decline.
“When women hit menopause, there’s a really rapid decline [in bone strength] for the next 5-7 years and then the decline levels off. If we can slow that decline, hopefully that woman’s bone density is maintained at a higher level throughout their life,” Dr. Bilek said.
Dr. Bilek is a scientific adviser to Bone Health Technologies. She and many coauthors of the study received grants or fees from the company and own stock in or are employees of the company. Ms. Yecies is the founder and CEO of Bone Health Technologies. Dr. Khandelwal had no relevant financial relationships.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a wearable belt device for postmenopausal women with osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, according to the company’s manufacturer, Bone Health Technologies.
According to the company, the device (Osteoboost) is the first nonpharmacologic device-based, prescription-only treatment for postmenopausal women with low bone density. It has not been tested for ability to reduce fracture risk.
The device is worn around the hips and delivers calibrated mild vibrations to the hips and lumbar spine to help preserve bone strength and density. A vibration pack is mounted to the back of the belt.
FDA approval, announced on January 18, was based on the findings of a National Institutes of Health–funded double-blinded, sham-controlled study of 126 women with low bone density conducted at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. The data were shared at the 2023 Endocrine Society and American Society for Bone and Mineral Research annual meetings and published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society.
Lead investigator Laura D. Bilek, PT, PhD, associate dean for research and associate professor at the University of Nebraska, and colleagues wrote that the primary outcome measurement was the change in vertebral strength measured by CT scans for women who used the device a minimum of three times per week compared with a sham group who wore a belt that emitted sound but had no vibrations.
Compressive strength and volumetric density of the first lumbar vertebra were analyzed.
In the active-belt group, women lost, on average, 0.48% bone strength, while those in the sham group lost nearly 2.84% (P = .014), about five times as much. Results also showed that participants in the active treatment group who used the device three times per week lost 0.29% bone mineral density (BMD) compared with the 1.97% BMD lost in the control group. No adverse events were reported in the study.
Sonali Khandelwal, MD, a rheumatologist at Rush University in Chicago, told this news organization there’s considerable fear among some patients about long-term use of available medications for bone health, “so any modality that is nontherapeutic — not a pill — is always exciting.”
The endpoints of the study are one good measure, she said, but she emphasized that it will be important to show that the improved bone density from the belt that is described in this study “is a true marker of decreased fracture risk.”
Because there are no apparent side effects, she said it may be effective in combination with weight-bearing exercise, vitamin D and calcium, and/or medication, depending on severity of bone loss.
Current medications on the market for osteoporosis have been shown to improve bone strength and reduce fracture risk, she noted.
“It could help; I just don’t think we have enough evidence that it will completely treat the bone loss,” Dr. Khandelwal said.
She said she sees the potential population most interested in the belt as premenopausal women with a family history of bone loss who may not meet the level of bone loss for medical management but are interested in prevention.
“I also think of individuals who might already meet medication needs but are completely averse to being on medication,” she said. The bulk of her practice is treating bone loss, she said, estimating that 20% of her patients do not want to be on medication.
Bone Health Technologies CEO Laura Yecies, MBA, told this news organization the company has not yet set the price for the device and noted that because it will be available by prescription only, out-of-pocket costs and copays will differ. She said the company expects to begin shipping later this year. Requests for update notifications can be made at the company’s website.
Dr. Bilek told this news organization the device was tested for a year, so it’s unclear how long people with osteopenia would need to wear the belt for maximum benefit.
The theory behind the mechanism of action, she said, “is that the vibration actually inhibits the cells [osteoclasts] that take away bone mass.”
The researchers included only postmenopausal women with osteopenia in the study, but Dr. Bilek said she would like to test the device on other groups, such as men with prostate cancer getting testosterone-blocking therapy, which can result in loss of bone density. An estimated 34 million people in the United States have osteopenia.
Dr. Bilek said a next step for the study is to enroll a more diverse cohort at an additional center to test the device because most of the women in this one were White.
She noted that women’s bone mass peaks at age 30 and then starts to decline.
“When women hit menopause, there’s a really rapid decline [in bone strength] for the next 5-7 years and then the decline levels off. If we can slow that decline, hopefully that woman’s bone density is maintained at a higher level throughout their life,” Dr. Bilek said.
Dr. Bilek is a scientific adviser to Bone Health Technologies. She and many coauthors of the study received grants or fees from the company and own stock in or are employees of the company. Ms. Yecies is the founder and CEO of Bone Health Technologies. Dr. Khandelwal had no relevant financial relationships.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a wearable belt device for postmenopausal women with osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, according to the company’s manufacturer, Bone Health Technologies.
According to the company, the device (Osteoboost) is the first nonpharmacologic device-based, prescription-only treatment for postmenopausal women with low bone density. It has not been tested for ability to reduce fracture risk.
The device is worn around the hips and delivers calibrated mild vibrations to the hips and lumbar spine to help preserve bone strength and density. A vibration pack is mounted to the back of the belt.
FDA approval, announced on January 18, was based on the findings of a National Institutes of Health–funded double-blinded, sham-controlled study of 126 women with low bone density conducted at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. The data were shared at the 2023 Endocrine Society and American Society for Bone and Mineral Research annual meetings and published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society.
Lead investigator Laura D. Bilek, PT, PhD, associate dean for research and associate professor at the University of Nebraska, and colleagues wrote that the primary outcome measurement was the change in vertebral strength measured by CT scans for women who used the device a minimum of three times per week compared with a sham group who wore a belt that emitted sound but had no vibrations.
Compressive strength and volumetric density of the first lumbar vertebra were analyzed.
In the active-belt group, women lost, on average, 0.48% bone strength, while those in the sham group lost nearly 2.84% (P = .014), about five times as much. Results also showed that participants in the active treatment group who used the device three times per week lost 0.29% bone mineral density (BMD) compared with the 1.97% BMD lost in the control group. No adverse events were reported in the study.
Sonali Khandelwal, MD, a rheumatologist at Rush University in Chicago, told this news organization there’s considerable fear among some patients about long-term use of available medications for bone health, “so any modality that is nontherapeutic — not a pill — is always exciting.”
The endpoints of the study are one good measure, she said, but she emphasized that it will be important to show that the improved bone density from the belt that is described in this study “is a true marker of decreased fracture risk.”
Because there are no apparent side effects, she said it may be effective in combination with weight-bearing exercise, vitamin D and calcium, and/or medication, depending on severity of bone loss.
Current medications on the market for osteoporosis have been shown to improve bone strength and reduce fracture risk, she noted.
“It could help; I just don’t think we have enough evidence that it will completely treat the bone loss,” Dr. Khandelwal said.
She said she sees the potential population most interested in the belt as premenopausal women with a family history of bone loss who may not meet the level of bone loss for medical management but are interested in prevention.
“I also think of individuals who might already meet medication needs but are completely averse to being on medication,” she said. The bulk of her practice is treating bone loss, she said, estimating that 20% of her patients do not want to be on medication.
Bone Health Technologies CEO Laura Yecies, MBA, told this news organization the company has not yet set the price for the device and noted that because it will be available by prescription only, out-of-pocket costs and copays will differ. She said the company expects to begin shipping later this year. Requests for update notifications can be made at the company’s website.
Dr. Bilek told this news organization the device was tested for a year, so it’s unclear how long people with osteopenia would need to wear the belt for maximum benefit.
The theory behind the mechanism of action, she said, “is that the vibration actually inhibits the cells [osteoclasts] that take away bone mass.”
The researchers included only postmenopausal women with osteopenia in the study, but Dr. Bilek said she would like to test the device on other groups, such as men with prostate cancer getting testosterone-blocking therapy, which can result in loss of bone density. An estimated 34 million people in the United States have osteopenia.
Dr. Bilek said a next step for the study is to enroll a more diverse cohort at an additional center to test the device because most of the women in this one were White.
She noted that women’s bone mass peaks at age 30 and then starts to decline.
“When women hit menopause, there’s a really rapid decline [in bone strength] for the next 5-7 years and then the decline levels off. If we can slow that decline, hopefully that woman’s bone density is maintained at a higher level throughout their life,” Dr. Bilek said.
Dr. Bilek is a scientific adviser to Bone Health Technologies. She and many coauthors of the study received grants or fees from the company and own stock in or are employees of the company. Ms. Yecies is the founder and CEO of Bone Health Technologies. Dr. Khandelwal had no relevant financial relationships.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com.
Weight Loss Not Enough to Sustain Type 2 Diabetes Remission
Very few patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) achieve and sustain diabetes remission via weight loss alone, new research suggests.
Among more than 37,000 people with T2D in Hong Kong, only 6% had achieved and sustained diabetes remission solely through weight loss up to 8 years after diagnosis. Among those who initially achieved remission, 67% had hyperglycemia at 3 years.
People who lost the most weight (10% of their body weight or more) in the first year after diagnosis were most likely to have sustained remission.
The study “helped to confirm the low rate of diabetes remission and high rate of returning to hyperglycemia in real-world practice,” Andrea Luk, MD, of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, told this news organization. “Over 80% of diabetes remission occurred within the first 5 years of a diabetes diagnosis. This is in line with our understanding that beta cell function will gradually decline over time, making diabetes remission increasingly difficult even with weight reduction.”
The study was published in PLOS Medicine.
Early Weight Management Works
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that T2D remission can be achieved following sustained weight loss through bariatric surgery or lifestyle interventions, the authors noted. In this study, they investigated the association of weight change at 1 year after a diabetes diagnosis with the long-term incidence and sustainability of T2D remission in real-world settings, using data from the territory-wide Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM).
A total of 37,326 people with newly diagnosed T2D who were enrolled in the RAMP-DM between 2000 and 2017 were included and followed until 2019.
At baseline, participants’ mean age was 56.6 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 kg/m2, and mean A1c was 7.7%, and 65% were using glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs).
T2D remission was defined as two consecutive A1c < 6.5% measurements at least 6 months apart without GLDs currently or in the previous 3 months.
During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 6.1% of people achieved remission, with an incidence rate of 7.8 per 1000 person-years. The proportion was higher among those with greater weight loss: 14.4% of people who lost 10% of their body weight or more achieved remission compared with 9.9% of those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, 6.5% of those with 0%-4.9% weight loss, and 4.5% of those who gained weight.
After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, assessment year, BMI, other metabolic indices, smoking, alcohol drinking, and medication use, the hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes remission was 3.28 for those with 10% or greater weight loss within 1 year of diagnosis, 2.29 for 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 1.34 for 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to weight gain.
The incidence of diabetes remission in the study was significantly lower than that in clinical trials, possibly because trial participants were in structured programs that included intensive lifestyle interventions, regular monitoring and feedback, and reinforcement of a holistic approach to managing diabetes, the authors noted. Real-world settings may or may not include such interventions.
Further analyses showed that within a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 67.2% of people who had achieved diabetes remission returned to hyperglycemia — an incidence rate of 184.8 per 1000 person-years.
The adjusted HR for returning to hyperglycemia was 0.52 for people with 10% or greater weight loss, 0.78 for those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 0.90 for those with 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to people with weight gain.
In addition, diabetes remission was associated with a 31% (HR, 0.69) decreased risk for all-cause mortality.
The study “provides evidence for policymakers to design and implement early weight management interventions” for people diagnosed with T2D, the authors concluded.
Clinicians also have a role to play, Dr. Luk said. “At the first encounter with an individual with newly diagnosed T2D, clinicians should emphasize the importance of weight reduction and guide the individual on how this can be achieved through making healthy lifestyle choices. Pharmacotherapy and metabolic surgery for weight management can be considered in appropriate individuals.”
Overall, she added, “clinicians should be informed that the likelihood of achieving and maintaining diabetes remission is low, and patients should be counseled accordingly.”
Similar to US Experience
Mona Mshayekhi, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, commented on the study for this news organization.
“These findings mirror clinical experience in the US very well,” she said. “We know that sustained weight loss without the use of medications or surgery is extremely difficult in the real-world setting due to the hormonal drivers of obesity, in combination with socioeconomic challenges.”
The study was done before newer weight-management strategies such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were widely available, she noted. “This actually strengthens the finding that weight loss without the routine use of medications has a multitude of benefits, including diabetes remission and reduction of all-cause mortality.”
That said, she added, “I suspect that future studies with more modern cohorts will reveal much higher rates of diabetes remission with the use of newer medications.”
“Our ability to help our patients lose meaningful weight has been limited until recently,” she said. “With new tools in our armamentarium, clinicians need to take the lead in helping patients address and treat obesity and fight the stigma that prevents many from even discussing it with their providers.”
The study did not receive funding. Dr. Luk has received research grants or contracts from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Junshi, Lee Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Sugardown, and Takeda and received travel grants and honoraria for speaking from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and MSD. Dr. Mshayekhi reported no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Very few patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) achieve and sustain diabetes remission via weight loss alone, new research suggests.
Among more than 37,000 people with T2D in Hong Kong, only 6% had achieved and sustained diabetes remission solely through weight loss up to 8 years after diagnosis. Among those who initially achieved remission, 67% had hyperglycemia at 3 years.
People who lost the most weight (10% of their body weight or more) in the first year after diagnosis were most likely to have sustained remission.
The study “helped to confirm the low rate of diabetes remission and high rate of returning to hyperglycemia in real-world practice,” Andrea Luk, MD, of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, told this news organization. “Over 80% of diabetes remission occurred within the first 5 years of a diabetes diagnosis. This is in line with our understanding that beta cell function will gradually decline over time, making diabetes remission increasingly difficult even with weight reduction.”
The study was published in PLOS Medicine.
Early Weight Management Works
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that T2D remission can be achieved following sustained weight loss through bariatric surgery or lifestyle interventions, the authors noted. In this study, they investigated the association of weight change at 1 year after a diabetes diagnosis with the long-term incidence and sustainability of T2D remission in real-world settings, using data from the territory-wide Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM).
A total of 37,326 people with newly diagnosed T2D who were enrolled in the RAMP-DM between 2000 and 2017 were included and followed until 2019.
At baseline, participants’ mean age was 56.6 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 kg/m2, and mean A1c was 7.7%, and 65% were using glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs).
T2D remission was defined as two consecutive A1c < 6.5% measurements at least 6 months apart without GLDs currently or in the previous 3 months.
During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 6.1% of people achieved remission, with an incidence rate of 7.8 per 1000 person-years. The proportion was higher among those with greater weight loss: 14.4% of people who lost 10% of their body weight or more achieved remission compared with 9.9% of those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, 6.5% of those with 0%-4.9% weight loss, and 4.5% of those who gained weight.
After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, assessment year, BMI, other metabolic indices, smoking, alcohol drinking, and medication use, the hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes remission was 3.28 for those with 10% or greater weight loss within 1 year of diagnosis, 2.29 for 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 1.34 for 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to weight gain.
The incidence of diabetes remission in the study was significantly lower than that in clinical trials, possibly because trial participants were in structured programs that included intensive lifestyle interventions, regular monitoring and feedback, and reinforcement of a holistic approach to managing diabetes, the authors noted. Real-world settings may or may not include such interventions.
Further analyses showed that within a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 67.2% of people who had achieved diabetes remission returned to hyperglycemia — an incidence rate of 184.8 per 1000 person-years.
The adjusted HR for returning to hyperglycemia was 0.52 for people with 10% or greater weight loss, 0.78 for those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 0.90 for those with 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to people with weight gain.
In addition, diabetes remission was associated with a 31% (HR, 0.69) decreased risk for all-cause mortality.
The study “provides evidence for policymakers to design and implement early weight management interventions” for people diagnosed with T2D, the authors concluded.
Clinicians also have a role to play, Dr. Luk said. “At the first encounter with an individual with newly diagnosed T2D, clinicians should emphasize the importance of weight reduction and guide the individual on how this can be achieved through making healthy lifestyle choices. Pharmacotherapy and metabolic surgery for weight management can be considered in appropriate individuals.”
Overall, she added, “clinicians should be informed that the likelihood of achieving and maintaining diabetes remission is low, and patients should be counseled accordingly.”
Similar to US Experience
Mona Mshayekhi, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, commented on the study for this news organization.
“These findings mirror clinical experience in the US very well,” she said. “We know that sustained weight loss without the use of medications or surgery is extremely difficult in the real-world setting due to the hormonal drivers of obesity, in combination with socioeconomic challenges.”
The study was done before newer weight-management strategies such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were widely available, she noted. “This actually strengthens the finding that weight loss without the routine use of medications has a multitude of benefits, including diabetes remission and reduction of all-cause mortality.”
That said, she added, “I suspect that future studies with more modern cohorts will reveal much higher rates of diabetes remission with the use of newer medications.”
“Our ability to help our patients lose meaningful weight has been limited until recently,” she said. “With new tools in our armamentarium, clinicians need to take the lead in helping patients address and treat obesity and fight the stigma that prevents many from even discussing it with their providers.”
The study did not receive funding. Dr. Luk has received research grants or contracts from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Junshi, Lee Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Sugardown, and Takeda and received travel grants and honoraria for speaking from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and MSD. Dr. Mshayekhi reported no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
Very few patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) achieve and sustain diabetes remission via weight loss alone, new research suggests.
Among more than 37,000 people with T2D in Hong Kong, only 6% had achieved and sustained diabetes remission solely through weight loss up to 8 years after diagnosis. Among those who initially achieved remission, 67% had hyperglycemia at 3 years.
People who lost the most weight (10% of their body weight or more) in the first year after diagnosis were most likely to have sustained remission.
The study “helped to confirm the low rate of diabetes remission and high rate of returning to hyperglycemia in real-world practice,” Andrea Luk, MD, of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, told this news organization. “Over 80% of diabetes remission occurred within the first 5 years of a diabetes diagnosis. This is in line with our understanding that beta cell function will gradually decline over time, making diabetes remission increasingly difficult even with weight reduction.”
The study was published in PLOS Medicine.
Early Weight Management Works
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that T2D remission can be achieved following sustained weight loss through bariatric surgery or lifestyle interventions, the authors noted. In this study, they investigated the association of weight change at 1 year after a diabetes diagnosis with the long-term incidence and sustainability of T2D remission in real-world settings, using data from the territory-wide Risk Assessment and Management Programme-Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM).
A total of 37,326 people with newly diagnosed T2D who were enrolled in the RAMP-DM between 2000 and 2017 were included and followed until 2019.
At baseline, participants’ mean age was 56.6 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 kg/m2, and mean A1c was 7.7%, and 65% were using glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs).
T2D remission was defined as two consecutive A1c < 6.5% measurements at least 6 months apart without GLDs currently or in the previous 3 months.
During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 6.1% of people achieved remission, with an incidence rate of 7.8 per 1000 person-years. The proportion was higher among those with greater weight loss: 14.4% of people who lost 10% of their body weight or more achieved remission compared with 9.9% of those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, 6.5% of those with 0%-4.9% weight loss, and 4.5% of those who gained weight.
After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, assessment year, BMI, other metabolic indices, smoking, alcohol drinking, and medication use, the hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes remission was 3.28 for those with 10% or greater weight loss within 1 year of diagnosis, 2.29 for 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 1.34 for 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to weight gain.
The incidence of diabetes remission in the study was significantly lower than that in clinical trials, possibly because trial participants were in structured programs that included intensive lifestyle interventions, regular monitoring and feedback, and reinforcement of a holistic approach to managing diabetes, the authors noted. Real-world settings may or may not include such interventions.
Further analyses showed that within a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 67.2% of people who had achieved diabetes remission returned to hyperglycemia — an incidence rate of 184.8 per 1000 person-years.
The adjusted HR for returning to hyperglycemia was 0.52 for people with 10% or greater weight loss, 0.78 for those with 5%-9.9% weight loss, and 0.90 for those with 0%-4.9% weight loss compared to people with weight gain.
In addition, diabetes remission was associated with a 31% (HR, 0.69) decreased risk for all-cause mortality.
The study “provides evidence for policymakers to design and implement early weight management interventions” for people diagnosed with T2D, the authors concluded.
Clinicians also have a role to play, Dr. Luk said. “At the first encounter with an individual with newly diagnosed T2D, clinicians should emphasize the importance of weight reduction and guide the individual on how this can be achieved through making healthy lifestyle choices. Pharmacotherapy and metabolic surgery for weight management can be considered in appropriate individuals.”
Overall, she added, “clinicians should be informed that the likelihood of achieving and maintaining diabetes remission is low, and patients should be counseled accordingly.”
Similar to US Experience
Mona Mshayekhi, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, commented on the study for this news organization.
“These findings mirror clinical experience in the US very well,” she said. “We know that sustained weight loss without the use of medications or surgery is extremely difficult in the real-world setting due to the hormonal drivers of obesity, in combination with socioeconomic challenges.”
The study was done before newer weight-management strategies such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were widely available, she noted. “This actually strengthens the finding that weight loss without the routine use of medications has a multitude of benefits, including diabetes remission and reduction of all-cause mortality.”
That said, she added, “I suspect that future studies with more modern cohorts will reveal much higher rates of diabetes remission with the use of newer medications.”
“Our ability to help our patients lose meaningful weight has been limited until recently,” she said. “With new tools in our armamentarium, clinicians need to take the lead in helping patients address and treat obesity and fight the stigma that prevents many from even discussing it with their providers.”
The study did not receive funding. Dr. Luk has received research grants or contracts from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Junshi, Lee Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Sugardown, and Takeda and received travel grants and honoraria for speaking from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and MSD. Dr. Mshayekhi reported no conflicts of interest.
A version of this article appeared on Medscape.com.
FROM PLOS MEDICINE