Vascular

Samuel Siu, MD
Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Director of Echocardiography, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Jack M. Colman, MD
Staff Cardiologist, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Address: Samuel Siu, MD, PMCC 3-526, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4; e-mail [email protected]

Acknowledgment: The authors’ work is supported in part by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Samuel Siu, MD
Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Director of Echocardiography, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Jack M. Colman, MD
Staff Cardiologist, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Address: Samuel Siu, MD, PMCC 3-526, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4; e-mail [email protected]

Acknowledgment: The authors’ work is supported in part by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Samuel Siu, MD
Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Director of Echocardiography, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Jack M. Colman, MD
Staff Cardiologist, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Staff Cardiologist, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults; Associate Professor (Medicine), University of Toronto, Canada

Address: Samuel Siu, MD, PMCC 3-526, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4; e-mail [email protected]

Acknowledgment: The authors’ work is supported in part by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

John Spandorfer, MD
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

Address: L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS, Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street East, Suite 701, Philadelphia, PA 19107; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Menajovsky has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of the Aventis corporation.

Dr. Spandorfer has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations and is on the speakers’ bureaus of the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

John Spandorfer, MD
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

Address: L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS, Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street East, Suite 701, Philadelphia, PA 19107; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Menajovsky has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of the Aventis corporation.

Dr. Spandorfer has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations and is on the speakers’ bureaus of the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

John Spandorfer, MD
Jefferson Antithrombotic Therapy Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

Address: L. Bernardo Menajovsky, MD, MS, Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 833 Chestnut Street East, Suite 701, Philadelphia, PA 19107; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Menajovsky has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of the Aventis corporation.

Dr. Spandorfer has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations and is on the speakers’ bureaus of the Aventis and Astra Zeneca corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

Cameron Haery, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Ravish Sachar, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stephen G. Ellis, MD
Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stephen G. Ellis, MD, Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, F25, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Ellis has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Cordis and Medtronic corporations and serves as a consultant for the Cordis, Boston Scientific, and Guidant corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

Cameron Haery, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Ravish Sachar, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stephen G. Ellis, MD
Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stephen G. Ellis, MD, Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, F25, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Ellis has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Cordis and Medtronic corporations and serves as a consultant for the Cordis, Boston Scientific, and Guidant corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

Cameron Haery, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Ravish Sachar, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stephen G. Ellis, MD
Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stephen G. Ellis, MD, Director, Sones Catheterization Laboratories, F25, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Ellis has indicated that he has received grant or research support from the Cordis and Medtronic corporations and serves as a consultant for the Cordis, Boston Scientific, and Guidant corporations.

This paper discusses therapies that are experimental or that are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use under discussion.

John D. Clough, MD
Editor in Chief

John D. Clough, MD
Editor in Chief

John D. Clough, MD
Editor in Chief

Benjamin J. Freda, DO
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Michael B. Davidson, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Phillip M. Hall, MD
Staff Consultant, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Phillip M. Hall, MD, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, A51, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Benjamin J. Freda, DO
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Michael B. Davidson, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Phillip M. Hall, MD
Staff Consultant, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Phillip M. Hall, MD, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, A51, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Benjamin J. Freda, DO
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Michael B. Davidson, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Phillip M. Hall, MD
Staff Consultant, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Phillip M. Hall, MD, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, A51, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Raul J. Seballos, MD
Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

James Gutierrez, MD
Department of General Internal Medicine, Division of Regional Medical Practice, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Raul J. Seballos, MD, Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Raul J. Seballos, MD
Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

James Gutierrez, MD
Department of General Internal Medicine, Division of Regional Medical Practice, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Raul J. Seballos, MD, Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Raul J. Seballos, MD
Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

James Gutierrez, MD
Department of General Internal Medicine, Division of Regional Medical Practice, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Raul J. Seballos, MD, Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Mehdi H. Shishehbor, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD
Section Head, Department of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation; Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD, Section of Preventive Cardiology, C51, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Hazen has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of Merck & Co., Inc., and is a consultant for Prognostix, a company specializing in technology to diagnose cardiovascular disease and asthma.

Mehdi H. Shishehbor, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD
Section Head, Department of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation; Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD, Section of Preventive Cardiology, C51, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Hazen has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of Merck & Co., Inc., and is a consultant for Prognostix, a company specializing in technology to diagnose cardiovascular disease and asthma.

Mehdi H. Shishehbor, DO
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD
Section Head, Department of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation; Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Address: Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD, Section of Preventive Cardiology, C51, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail [email protected]

Dr. Hazen has indicated that he is on the speakers’ bureau of Merck & Co., Inc., and is a consultant for Prognostix, a company specializing in technology to diagnose cardiovascular disease and asthma.