Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not exhibit an elevated risk for acute or 1-year postoperative surgical site infection following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with patients with osteoarthritis.

Major finding: The risk for surgical site infection at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; P = .598) and 1 year (aOR 0.463; P = .26) post-TKA was not significantly different between patients with RA and osteoarthritis.

Study details: This retrospective cohort study included patients with RA (n = 1,126) and osteoarthritis (n = 63,215) who underwent primary TKA.

Disclosures: No external funding was received for this study. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Chung HK et al. Sci Rep. 2021;11:22704 (Nov 22). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02153-x.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not exhibit an elevated risk for acute or 1-year postoperative surgical site infection following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with patients with osteoarthritis.

Major finding: The risk for surgical site infection at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; P = .598) and 1 year (aOR 0.463; P = .26) post-TKA was not significantly different between patients with RA and osteoarthritis.

Study details: This retrospective cohort study included patients with RA (n = 1,126) and osteoarthritis (n = 63,215) who underwent primary TKA.

Disclosures: No external funding was received for this study. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Chung HK et al. Sci Rep. 2021;11:22704 (Nov 22). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02153-x.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not exhibit an elevated risk for acute or 1-year postoperative surgical site infection following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with patients with osteoarthritis.

Major finding: The risk for surgical site infection at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81; P = .598) and 1 year (aOR 0.463; P = .26) post-TKA was not significantly different between patients with RA and osteoarthritis.

Study details: This retrospective cohort study included patients with RA (n = 1,126) and osteoarthritis (n = 63,215) who underwent primary TKA.

Disclosures: No external funding was received for this study. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Chung HK et al. Sci Rep. 2021;11:22704 (Nov 22). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02153-x.

Key clinical point: Positive correlations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and coinhibitory checkpoint molecules modulated by anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) or joint damage stage existed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Major finding: Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were positively associated with RA disease activity and galectin-9, independent of ACPA titers (all P < .05) and with soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 in patients with ACPA <200 U/mL (P < .05). Galectin-9 was positively correlated with IL-6 (P = .005) only in patients without advanced joint damage and with TNF-a (P = .001) and IL-6 (P = .02) in patients with advanced joint damage.

Study details: This retrospective analysis included 132 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The work was funded by the Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. K Migita received grants from Chugai, Pfizer, and AbbVie. Other authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Matsumoto H et al. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0260254 (Nov 18). Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260254.

Key clinical point: Positive correlations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and coinhibitory checkpoint molecules modulated by anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) or joint damage stage existed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Major finding: Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were positively associated with RA disease activity and galectin-9, independent of ACPA titers (all P < .05) and with soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 in patients with ACPA <200 U/mL (P < .05). Galectin-9 was positively correlated with IL-6 (P = .005) only in patients without advanced joint damage and with TNF-a (P = .001) and IL-6 (P = .02) in patients with advanced joint damage.

Study details: This retrospective analysis included 132 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The work was funded by the Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. K Migita received grants from Chugai, Pfizer, and AbbVie. Other authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Matsumoto H et al. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0260254 (Nov 18). Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260254.

Key clinical point: Positive correlations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and coinhibitory checkpoint molecules modulated by anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) or joint damage stage existed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Major finding: Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were positively associated with RA disease activity and galectin-9, independent of ACPA titers (all P < .05) and with soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 in patients with ACPA <200 U/mL (P < .05). Galectin-9 was positively correlated with IL-6 (P = .005) only in patients without advanced joint damage and with TNF-a (P = .001) and IL-6 (P = .02) in patients with advanced joint damage.

Study details: This retrospective analysis included 132 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The work was funded by the Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. K Migita received grants from Chugai, Pfizer, and AbbVie. Other authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Matsumoto H et al. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0260254 (Nov 18). Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260254.

Key clinical point: Complete treatment adherence has still not been achieved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and factors like having patient-physician agreement on the treatment and the type of treatment prescribed are significant predictors of adherence.

Major finding: The 6-month prevalence of adherence was 59.1% (95% CI 48.1%-71.8%), with treatment agreement between patient and physician (odds ratio [OR] 4.29; P = .01) and information adaptation (OR 1.54; P = .015) being significant predictors of adherence. Treatment adherence was higher with second-line conventional synthetic disease-modifying rheumatic drug (csDMARD; OR 4.72; P = .005) and biological DMARDs/targeted synthetic DMARDs (OR 3.50; P = .029) vs. first-line csDMARDs.

Study details: This was a 6-month observational longitudinal prospective cohort study involving 180 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The ADHIERA trial was supported by a grant from Roche España to the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology. A Balsa reported receiving speaker fees from various sources including Roche. Two other authors did not receive fees or personal grants from any laboratory, although their institute works by contract for laboratories for various sources.

Source: Balsa A et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 (Nov 29). Doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221163.

Key clinical point: Complete treatment adherence has still not been achieved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and factors like having patient-physician agreement on the treatment and the type of treatment prescribed are significant predictors of adherence.

Major finding: The 6-month prevalence of adherence was 59.1% (95% CI 48.1%-71.8%), with treatment agreement between patient and physician (odds ratio [OR] 4.29; P = .01) and information adaptation (OR 1.54; P = .015) being significant predictors of adherence. Treatment adherence was higher with second-line conventional synthetic disease-modifying rheumatic drug (csDMARD; OR 4.72; P = .005) and biological DMARDs/targeted synthetic DMARDs (OR 3.50; P = .029) vs. first-line csDMARDs.

Study details: This was a 6-month observational longitudinal prospective cohort study involving 180 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The ADHIERA trial was supported by a grant from Roche España to the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology. A Balsa reported receiving speaker fees from various sources including Roche. Two other authors did not receive fees or personal grants from any laboratory, although their institute works by contract for laboratories for various sources.

Source: Balsa A et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 (Nov 29). Doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221163.

Key clinical point: Complete treatment adherence has still not been achieved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and factors like having patient-physician agreement on the treatment and the type of treatment prescribed are significant predictors of adherence.

Major finding: The 6-month prevalence of adherence was 59.1% (95% CI 48.1%-71.8%), with treatment agreement between patient and physician (odds ratio [OR] 4.29; P = .01) and information adaptation (OR 1.54; P = .015) being significant predictors of adherence. Treatment adherence was higher with second-line conventional synthetic disease-modifying rheumatic drug (csDMARD; OR 4.72; P = .005) and biological DMARDs/targeted synthetic DMARDs (OR 3.50; P = .029) vs. first-line csDMARDs.

Study details: This was a 6-month observational longitudinal prospective cohort study involving 180 patients with RA.

Disclosures: The ADHIERA trial was supported by a grant from Roche España to the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology. A Balsa reported receiving speaker fees from various sources including Roche. Two other authors did not receive fees or personal grants from any laboratory, although their institute works by contract for laboratories for various sources.

Source: Balsa A et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 (Nov 29). Doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221163.

Key clinical point: Compared with the general population, the risk for COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in those with osteoarthritis, supporting recommendations for booster vaccines and priority access to anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment for patients with RA.

Major finding: Compared with the general population, the risk for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36) but not in patients with osteoarthritis (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93-1.07).

Study details: This was a cohort analysis that compared the risk for COVID-19 among 17,268 patients with RA and 1,616,600 participants from the general population.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), and others. No conflict of interests was reported.

Source: Wang Y et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 (Dec 7). Doi: 10.1002/acr.24831.

Key clinical point: Compared with the general population, the risk for COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in those with osteoarthritis, supporting recommendations for booster vaccines and priority access to anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment for patients with RA.

Major finding: Compared with the general population, the risk for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36) but not in patients with osteoarthritis (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93-1.07).

Study details: This was a cohort analysis that compared the risk for COVID-19 among 17,268 patients with RA and 1,616,600 participants from the general population.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), and others. No conflict of interests was reported.

Source: Wang Y et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 (Dec 7). Doi: 10.1002/acr.24831.

Key clinical point: Compared with the general population, the risk for COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in those with osteoarthritis, supporting recommendations for booster vaccines and priority access to anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment for patients with RA.

Major finding: Compared with the general population, the risk for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 was significantly higher in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36) but not in patients with osteoarthritis (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93-1.07).

Study details: This was a cohort analysis that compared the risk for COVID-19 among 17,268 patients with RA and 1,616,600 participants from the general population.

Disclosures: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), and others. No conflict of interests was reported.

Source: Wang Y et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 (Dec 7). Doi: 10.1002/acr.24831.

Key clinical point: The risk for preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) is almost 2-fold higher in pregnant women with vs. without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with high maternal RA disease activity during pregnancy being a significant risk factor.

Major finding: The risk for PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92; 95% CI 1.56-2.35) and SGA (aOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.45-2.57) was significantly higher in RA pregnancies vs. control pregnancies, with the risk even higher with maternal Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein of >4.1 vs. <3.2 during pregnancy (PTB: aOR 3.38; 95% CI 1.52-7.55; SGA: aOR 3.90; 95% CI 1.46-10.4).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study of 1,739 RA-pregnancies matched with 17,390 control-pregnancies.

Disclosures: This study was supported by NordForsk and others. Some of the authors declared receiving consultancy fees, research grants, and serving on the steering committee for various sources.

Source: Hellgren K et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;keab894 (Dec 3). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab894.

Key clinical point: The risk for preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) is almost 2-fold higher in pregnant women with vs. without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with high maternal RA disease activity during pregnancy being a significant risk factor.

Major finding: The risk for PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92; 95% CI 1.56-2.35) and SGA (aOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.45-2.57) was significantly higher in RA pregnancies vs. control pregnancies, with the risk even higher with maternal Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein of >4.1 vs. <3.2 during pregnancy (PTB: aOR 3.38; 95% CI 1.52-7.55; SGA: aOR 3.90; 95% CI 1.46-10.4).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study of 1,739 RA-pregnancies matched with 17,390 control-pregnancies.

Disclosures: This study was supported by NordForsk and others. Some of the authors declared receiving consultancy fees, research grants, and serving on the steering committee for various sources.

Source: Hellgren K et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;keab894 (Dec 3). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab894.

Key clinical point: The risk for preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) is almost 2-fold higher in pregnant women with vs. without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with high maternal RA disease activity during pregnancy being a significant risk factor.

Major finding: The risk for PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92; 95% CI 1.56-2.35) and SGA (aOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.45-2.57) was significantly higher in RA pregnancies vs. control pregnancies, with the risk even higher with maternal Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-C-reactive protein of >4.1 vs. <3.2 during pregnancy (PTB: aOR 3.38; 95% CI 1.52-7.55; SGA: aOR 3.90; 95% CI 1.46-10.4).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study of 1,739 RA-pregnancies matched with 17,390 control-pregnancies.

Disclosures: This study was supported by NordForsk and others. Some of the authors declared receiving consultancy fees, research grants, and serving on the steering committee for various sources.

Source: Hellgren K et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;keab894 (Dec 3). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab894.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are not obese, those who have high initial disease activity, and those with long disease duration are more responsive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.

Major finding: The risk for European League Against Rheumatism nonresponse was significantly higher in patients with obesity vs. those with a body mass index of <30 kg/m² (odds ratio 0.52 vs. 0.36; P = .01). Among patients treated with TNF inhibitors, the final Disease Activity Score on 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) decreased by 0.02 each year of disease duration (P < .001), with a reduction of 0.21 in patients with a baseline DAS28-CRP of >5.1 (P = .05).

Study details: This was a pooled analysis of individual patient data of 11,617 patients with RA from 29 randomized controlled trials.

Disclosures: This work was partly supported by the French Higher Education and Research Ministry. P Goupille and D Mulleman declared serving as a consultant or speaker, participating in international congresses or clinical trials, and receiving grants from various sources.

Source: Law-Wan J et al. RMD Open. 2021;7(3):e001882 (Nov 17). Doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001882.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are not obese, those who have high initial disease activity, and those with long disease duration are more responsive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.

Major finding: The risk for European League Against Rheumatism nonresponse was significantly higher in patients with obesity vs. those with a body mass index of <30 kg/m² (odds ratio 0.52 vs. 0.36; P = .01). Among patients treated with TNF inhibitors, the final Disease Activity Score on 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) decreased by 0.02 each year of disease duration (P < .001), with a reduction of 0.21 in patients with a baseline DAS28-CRP of >5.1 (P = .05).

Study details: This was a pooled analysis of individual patient data of 11,617 patients with RA from 29 randomized controlled trials.

Disclosures: This work was partly supported by the French Higher Education and Research Ministry. P Goupille and D Mulleman declared serving as a consultant or speaker, participating in international congresses or clinical trials, and receiving grants from various sources.

Source: Law-Wan J et al. RMD Open. 2021;7(3):e001882 (Nov 17). Doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001882.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are not obese, those who have high initial disease activity, and those with long disease duration are more responsive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.

Major finding: The risk for European League Against Rheumatism nonresponse was significantly higher in patients with obesity vs. those with a body mass index of <30 kg/m² (odds ratio 0.52 vs. 0.36; P = .01). Among patients treated with TNF inhibitors, the final Disease Activity Score on 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) decreased by 0.02 each year of disease duration (P < .001), with a reduction of 0.21 in patients with a baseline DAS28-CRP of >5.1 (P = .05).

Study details: This was a pooled analysis of individual patient data of 11,617 patients with RA from 29 randomized controlled trials.

Disclosures: This work was partly supported by the French Higher Education and Research Ministry. P Goupille and D Mulleman declared serving as a consultant or speaker, participating in international congresses or clinical trials, and receiving grants from various sources.

Source: Law-Wan J et al. RMD Open. 2021;7(3):e001882 (Nov 17). Doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001882.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor showed reduced humoral response following 2 doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared with healthy individuals.

Major finding: Patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors had significantly lower levels of anti-spike immunoglobulin G antibodies (P = .024) than healthy individuals.

Study details: This study involved 12 adult patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors and 26 healthy individuals who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

Disclosures: This work was funded by the ISF Corona grant. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Iancovici L et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021:keab879 (Nov 25). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab879.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor showed reduced humoral response following 2 doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared with healthy individuals.

Major finding: Patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors had significantly lower levels of anti-spike immunoglobulin G antibodies (P = .024) than healthy individuals.

Study details: This study involved 12 adult patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors and 26 healthy individuals who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

Disclosures: This work was funded by the ISF Corona grant. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Iancovici L et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021:keab879 (Nov 25). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab879.

Key clinical point: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor showed reduced humoral response following 2 doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared with healthy individuals.

Major finding: Patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors had significantly lower levels of anti-spike immunoglobulin G antibodies (P = .024) than healthy individuals.

Study details: This study involved 12 adult patients with RA treated with JAK inhibitors and 26 healthy individuals who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

Disclosures: This work was funded by the ISF Corona grant. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Iancovici L et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021:keab879 (Nov 25). Doi:  10.1093/rheumatology/keab879.

Key clinical point: Neutrophil count, white blood cell (WBC) count, or neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may help in ascertaining which patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) would benefit from adjunctive oral dexamethasone therapy.

Main finding: Among patients with a high neutrophil count, WBC count, or NLR who did not die in hospital, those who received dexamethasone had a shorter median length of stay (LOS) than those who received placebo (4 days vs. 6 days), whereas patients with low values for these parameters showed no difference in LOS between those receiving placebo and dexamethasone (P < .05).

Study details: Findings are from a post hoc analysis on 354 out of the 401 non-ICU patients with CAP included in the randomized placebo-controlled Santeon-CAP trial who were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or oral dexamethasone.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by St. Antonius research fund. The authors declared no conflicts of interests.

Source: Wittermans E et al. Eur J Intern Med. 2021 (Nov 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.10.030.

Key clinical point: Neutrophil count, white blood cell (WBC) count, or neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may help in ascertaining which patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) would benefit from adjunctive oral dexamethasone therapy.

Main finding: Among patients with a high neutrophil count, WBC count, or NLR who did not die in hospital, those who received dexamethasone had a shorter median length of stay (LOS) than those who received placebo (4 days vs. 6 days), whereas patients with low values for these parameters showed no difference in LOS between those receiving placebo and dexamethasone (P < .05).

Study details: Findings are from a post hoc analysis on 354 out of the 401 non-ICU patients with CAP included in the randomized placebo-controlled Santeon-CAP trial who were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or oral dexamethasone.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by St. Antonius research fund. The authors declared no conflicts of interests.

Source: Wittermans E et al. Eur J Intern Med. 2021 (Nov 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.10.030.

Key clinical point: Neutrophil count, white blood cell (WBC) count, or neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may help in ascertaining which patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) would benefit from adjunctive oral dexamethasone therapy.

Main finding: Among patients with a high neutrophil count, WBC count, or NLR who did not die in hospital, those who received dexamethasone had a shorter median length of stay (LOS) than those who received placebo (4 days vs. 6 days), whereas patients with low values for these parameters showed no difference in LOS between those receiving placebo and dexamethasone (P < .05).

Study details: Findings are from a post hoc analysis on 354 out of the 401 non-ICU patients with CAP included in the randomized placebo-controlled Santeon-CAP trial who were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or oral dexamethasone.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by St. Antonius research fund. The authors declared no conflicts of interests.

Source: Wittermans E et al. Eur J Intern Med. 2021 (Nov 12). Doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.10.030.

Key clinical point: Serum IL-17 levels show a positive correlation with the severity and poor prognostic outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Main finding: In patients with CAP, serum IL-17 levels at admission increased in parallel with CAP severity scores, such as pneumonia severity index, and, after adjusting for confounding factors, showed a positive correlation with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01; P = .01), mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.10; P = .02), death (aOR, 1.05; P < .01), and hospital stay of 14 days or more (aOR 1.21; P = .01).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study including 239 patients who were hospitalized for CAP.

Disclosures: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Scientific Research of Health Commission in Anhui Province sponsored the study. None of the authors declared any conflict of interests.

Source: Feng CM et al. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21:393 (Dec 2). Doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01770-6.

Key clinical point: Serum IL-17 levels show a positive correlation with the severity and poor prognostic outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Main finding: In patients with CAP, serum IL-17 levels at admission increased in parallel with CAP severity scores, such as pneumonia severity index, and, after adjusting for confounding factors, showed a positive correlation with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01; P = .01), mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.10; P = .02), death (aOR, 1.05; P < .01), and hospital stay of 14 days or more (aOR 1.21; P = .01).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study including 239 patients who were hospitalized for CAP.

Disclosures: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Scientific Research of Health Commission in Anhui Province sponsored the study. None of the authors declared any conflict of interests.

Source: Feng CM et al. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21:393 (Dec 2). Doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01770-6.

Key clinical point: Serum IL-17 levels show a positive correlation with the severity and poor prognostic outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Main finding: In patients with CAP, serum IL-17 levels at admission increased in parallel with CAP severity scores, such as pneumonia severity index, and, after adjusting for confounding factors, showed a positive correlation with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01; P = .01), mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.10; P = .02), death (aOR, 1.05; P < .01), and hospital stay of 14 days or more (aOR 1.21; P = .01).

Study details: This was a prospective cohort study including 239 patients who were hospitalized for CAP.

Disclosures: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation Incubation Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Scientific Research of Health Commission in Anhui Province sponsored the study. None of the authors declared any conflict of interests.

Source: Feng CM et al. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21:393 (Dec 2). Doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01770-6.

Key clinical point: In patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the least risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be achieved by empiric treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone.

Main finding: Barring fluoroquinolones (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.06; 95% CI 0.98-1.14), all regimens offered a higher risk for AKI than a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide, with piperacillin/tazobactam + vancomycin being associated with the highest AKI odds (aOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.73-2.06).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective cohort study consisting of 449,535 adult patients hospitalized for CAP, of whom 3.1% developed AKI.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Le P et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021 (Nov 15). Doi: 10.1080/03007995.2021.2000716.

Key clinical point: In patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the least risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be achieved by empiric treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone.

Main finding: Barring fluoroquinolones (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.06; 95% CI 0.98-1.14), all regimens offered a higher risk for AKI than a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide, with piperacillin/tazobactam + vancomycin being associated with the highest AKI odds (aOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.73-2.06).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective cohort study consisting of 449,535 adult patients hospitalized for CAP, of whom 3.1% developed AKI.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Le P et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021 (Nov 15). Doi: 10.1080/03007995.2021.2000716.

Key clinical point: In patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the least risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be achieved by empiric treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone.

Main finding: Barring fluoroquinolones (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.06; 95% CI 0.98-1.14), all regimens offered a higher risk for AKI than a third-generation cephalosporin ± macrolide, with piperacillin/tazobactam + vancomycin being associated with the highest AKI odds (aOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.73-2.06).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective cohort study consisting of 449,535 adult patients hospitalized for CAP, of whom 3.1% developed AKI.

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Le P et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021 (Nov 15). Doi: 10.1080/03007995.2021.2000716.