Key clinical point: Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show a comparable improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) after undergoing surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Main finding: The median RFS of patients who had undergone surgery was not significantly different from that of patients receiving RFA (3.46 years vs 3.04 years; hazard ratio, 0.92; P = .58).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SURF-trial including 301 patients aged between 20 and 80 years with the largest HCC diameter ≤3 cm and ≤3 HCC nodules who were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either surgery (n=150) or RFA (n=151).

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer and the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant for Clinical Cancer Research. Some of the authors declared receiving lecture fees or research funds from or serving as an advisor for various companies. A few authors reported being on the editorial team/board of Liver Cancer.

Source: Takayama T et al. Liver Cancer. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1159/000521665.

Key clinical point: Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show a comparable improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) after undergoing surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Main finding: The median RFS of patients who had undergone surgery was not significantly different from that of patients receiving RFA (3.46 years vs 3.04 years; hazard ratio, 0.92; P = .58).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SURF-trial including 301 patients aged between 20 and 80 years with the largest HCC diameter ≤3 cm and ≤3 HCC nodules who were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either surgery (n=150) or RFA (n=151).

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer and the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant for Clinical Cancer Research. Some of the authors declared receiving lecture fees or research funds from or serving as an advisor for various companies. A few authors reported being on the editorial team/board of Liver Cancer.

Source: Takayama T et al. Liver Cancer. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1159/000521665.

Key clinical point: Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show a comparable improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) after undergoing surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Main finding: The median RFS of patients who had undergone surgery was not significantly different from that of patients receiving RFA (3.46 years vs 3.04 years; hazard ratio, 0.92; P = .58).

Study details: Findings are from the phase 3 SURF-trial including 301 patients aged between 20 and 80 years with the largest HCC diameter ≤3 cm and ≤3 HCC nodules who were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either surgery (n=150) or RFA (n=151).

Disclosures: The study was sponsored by the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer and the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant for Clinical Cancer Research. Some of the authors declared receiving lecture fees or research funds from or serving as an advisor for various companies. A few authors reported being on the editorial team/board of Liver Cancer.

Source: Takayama T et al. Liver Cancer. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1159/000521665.

Key clinical point: The oncological outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) is strongly affected by the ABO blood group system.

Main finding: Blood group A showed an independent association with increased tumor recurrence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.574; P = .034) with group A vs non-A recipients having higher 5-year tumor recurrence rates (20.1% vs 13.2%; aHR, 1.66; P = .011) and lower 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (66.8% vs 71.3%; aHR, 1.38; P = .045).

Study details: The data are derived from a multicentric retrospective observational study including 925 adult patients with HCC who underwent LT, of whom 406, 94, 380, and 45 had blood group A, B, O, and AB, respectively.

Disclosures: The authors reported no funding source or conflict of interests.

Source: Kayvan M et al. Transplantation. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004004.

Key clinical point: The oncological outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) is strongly affected by the ABO blood group system.

Main finding: Blood group A showed an independent association with increased tumor recurrence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.574; P = .034) with group A vs non-A recipients having higher 5-year tumor recurrence rates (20.1% vs 13.2%; aHR, 1.66; P = .011) and lower 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (66.8% vs 71.3%; aHR, 1.38; P = .045).

Study details: The data are derived from a multicentric retrospective observational study including 925 adult patients with HCC who underwent LT, of whom 406, 94, 380, and 45 had blood group A, B, O, and AB, respectively.

Disclosures: The authors reported no funding source or conflict of interests.

Source: Kayvan M et al. Transplantation. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004004.

Key clinical point: The oncological outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) is strongly affected by the ABO blood group system.

Main finding: Blood group A showed an independent association with increased tumor recurrence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.574; P = .034) with group A vs non-A recipients having higher 5-year tumor recurrence rates (20.1% vs 13.2%; aHR, 1.66; P = .011) and lower 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (66.8% vs 71.3%; aHR, 1.38; P = .045).

Study details: The data are derived from a multicentric retrospective observational study including 925 adult patients with HCC who underwent LT, of whom 406, 94, 380, and 45 had blood group A, B, O, and AB, respectively.

Disclosures: The authors reported no funding source or conflict of interests.

Source: Kayvan M et al. Transplantation. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004004.

Key clinical point: Patients with prostate cancer who receive second-generation antiandrogens show higher risk for depression vs those who receive traditional hormone therapy (HT) alone or no HT.

Major finding: Second-generation antiandrogens were associated with increased risk for depression vs no HT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; P < .001). The risk for depression with second-generation antiandrogens was also higher vs traditional HT (HR, 2.26; P < .001), including specifically among those with metastatic disease at diagnosis (HR, 2.40; P = .002).

Study details: A retrospective study of 30,069 patients with prostate cancer without a second cancer over the course of 12 months between 2011 and 2015.

Disclosures: This work is supported by National Institutes of Health, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. The authors did not report any conflict of interests.

Source: Nowakowska MK et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Dec 23. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40803.

Key clinical point: Patients with prostate cancer who receive second-generation antiandrogens show higher risk for depression vs those who receive traditional hormone therapy (HT) alone or no HT.

Major finding: Second-generation antiandrogens were associated with increased risk for depression vs no HT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; P < .001). The risk for depression with second-generation antiandrogens was also higher vs traditional HT (HR, 2.26; P < .001), including specifically among those with metastatic disease at diagnosis (HR, 2.40; P = .002).

Study details: A retrospective study of 30,069 patients with prostate cancer without a second cancer over the course of 12 months between 2011 and 2015.

Disclosures: This work is supported by National Institutes of Health, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. The authors did not report any conflict of interests.

Source: Nowakowska MK et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Dec 23. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40803.

Key clinical point: Patients with prostate cancer who receive second-generation antiandrogens show higher risk for depression vs those who receive traditional hormone therapy (HT) alone or no HT.

Major finding: Second-generation antiandrogens were associated with increased risk for depression vs no HT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; P < .001). The risk for depression with second-generation antiandrogens was also higher vs traditional HT (HR, 2.26; P < .001), including specifically among those with metastatic disease at diagnosis (HR, 2.40; P = .002).

Study details: A retrospective study of 30,069 patients with prostate cancer without a second cancer over the course of 12 months between 2011 and 2015.

Disclosures: This work is supported by National Institutes of Health, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. The authors did not report any conflict of interests.

Source: Nowakowska MK et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Dec 23. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40803.

Key clinical point: Men with a first- or second-degree family history of prostate cancer and a first-degree family history of breast cancer show increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy.

Major finding: The risk for high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy increased in men with a first-degree family history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77; P < .001) and a second-degree family history of the disease (aOR, 1.38; P = .011). A first-degree relative with breast cancer was associated with high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy (aOR, 1.30; P = .040).

Study details: A multicenter study of 15,799 men who underwent prostate biopsy between 2006 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Research and Development Service, Urology Section, Surgery Department, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Caribbean Healthcare System San Juan, PR, USA. The authors disclosed being coinventor/employed, holding stocks, or received royalty.

Source: Clements MB et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.011.

Key clinical point: Men with a first- or second-degree family history of prostate cancer and a first-degree family history of breast cancer show increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy.

Major finding: The risk for high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy increased in men with a first-degree family history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77; P < .001) and a second-degree family history of the disease (aOR, 1.38; P = .011). A first-degree relative with breast cancer was associated with high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy (aOR, 1.30; P = .040).

Study details: A multicenter study of 15,799 men who underwent prostate biopsy between 2006 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Research and Development Service, Urology Section, Surgery Department, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Caribbean Healthcare System San Juan, PR, USA. The authors disclosed being coinventor/employed, holding stocks, or received royalty.

Source: Clements MB et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.011.

Key clinical point: Men with a first- or second-degree family history of prostate cancer and a first-degree family history of breast cancer show increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy.

Major finding: The risk for high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy increased in men with a first-degree family history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77; P < .001) and a second-degree family history of the disease (aOR, 1.38; P = .011). A first-degree relative with breast cancer was associated with high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy (aOR, 1.30; P = .040).

Study details: A multicenter study of 15,799 men who underwent prostate biopsy between 2006 and 2019.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Research and Development Service, Urology Section, Surgery Department, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Caribbean Healthcare System San Juan, PR, USA. The authors disclosed being coinventor/employed, holding stocks, or received royalty.

Source: Clements MB et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 31. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.011.

Key clinical point: A 3-tiered prostate cancer screening and risk stratification using a combination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 4-kallikrein panel, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is feasible.

Major finding: The participation rate is 40%. PSA of 3 ng/mL or more was reported in 7% of men, 6% had a positive kallikrein panel, and 3% had suspicious MRI findings. Clinically significant cancer (Gleason score of ≥7) was detected in 5 men. The number needed to screen for clinically significant cancer was 32. Kallikrein panel and MRI after PSA reduced biopsy rate by 56%.

Study details: Study of 399 men invited for screening with 3 stepwise tests (PSA, kallikrein panel, and MRI).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Academy of Finland, Finnish Cancer Organisations, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and others. The authors received advisory/lecture fees, congress support, and royalties and held stocks outside this work.

Source: Rannikko A et al. BJU Int. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/bju.15683.

Key clinical point: A 3-tiered prostate cancer screening and risk stratification using a combination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 4-kallikrein panel, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is feasible.

Major finding: The participation rate is 40%. PSA of 3 ng/mL or more was reported in 7% of men, 6% had a positive kallikrein panel, and 3% had suspicious MRI findings. Clinically significant cancer (Gleason score of ≥7) was detected in 5 men. The number needed to screen for clinically significant cancer was 32. Kallikrein panel and MRI after PSA reduced biopsy rate by 56%.

Study details: Study of 399 men invited for screening with 3 stepwise tests (PSA, kallikrein panel, and MRI).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Academy of Finland, Finnish Cancer Organisations, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and others. The authors received advisory/lecture fees, congress support, and royalties and held stocks outside this work.

Source: Rannikko A et al. BJU Int. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/bju.15683.

Key clinical point: A 3-tiered prostate cancer screening and risk stratification using a combination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 4-kallikrein panel, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is feasible.

Major finding: The participation rate is 40%. PSA of 3 ng/mL or more was reported in 7% of men, 6% had a positive kallikrein panel, and 3% had suspicious MRI findings. Clinically significant cancer (Gleason score of ≥7) was detected in 5 men. The number needed to screen for clinically significant cancer was 32. Kallikrein panel and MRI after PSA reduced biopsy rate by 56%.

Study details: Study of 399 men invited for screening with 3 stepwise tests (PSA, kallikrein panel, and MRI).

Disclosures: This study was supported by Academy of Finland, Finnish Cancer Organisations, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and others. The authors received advisory/lecture fees, congress support, and royalties and held stocks outside this work.

Source: Rannikko A et al. BJU Int. 2021 Dec 27. doi: 10.1111/bju.15683.

Key clinical point: Docetaxel transiently decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer, but the decline is temporary and recovers at 1 year. The decline was clinically meaningful in functional and physical domains.

Major finding: At the end of treatment (24 weeks), the HRQoL significantly declined in the docetaxel vs surveillance group (mean difference [MD], ─7.1 points; P < .0001). At 1 year, the HRQoL was similar between the 2 groups (P = .344). A clinically significant decline in HRQoL scores during treatment with docetaxel was reported in functional (MD, –2.43 points; P < .0001) and physical domains (MD, –2.89 points; P < .0001).

Study details: Post hoc analysis of a randomized, phase 3 SPCG-13 study including 376 patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer following radiotherapy were randomly assigned to docetaxel or surveillance.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Tampere University Hospital. The authors received advisory/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Lehtonen M et al. Anticancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.15460.

Key clinical point: Docetaxel transiently decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer, but the decline is temporary and recovers at 1 year. The decline was clinically meaningful in functional and physical domains.

Major finding: At the end of treatment (24 weeks), the HRQoL significantly declined in the docetaxel vs surveillance group (mean difference [MD], ─7.1 points; P < .0001). At 1 year, the HRQoL was similar between the 2 groups (P = .344). A clinically significant decline in HRQoL scores during treatment with docetaxel was reported in functional (MD, –2.43 points; P < .0001) and physical domains (MD, –2.89 points; P < .0001).

Study details: Post hoc analysis of a randomized, phase 3 SPCG-13 study including 376 patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer following radiotherapy were randomly assigned to docetaxel or surveillance.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Tampere University Hospital. The authors received advisory/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Lehtonen M et al. Anticancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.15460.

Key clinical point: Docetaxel transiently decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer, but the decline is temporary and recovers at 1 year. The decline was clinically meaningful in functional and physical domains.

Major finding: At the end of treatment (24 weeks), the HRQoL significantly declined in the docetaxel vs surveillance group (mean difference [MD], ─7.1 points; P < .0001). At 1 year, the HRQoL was similar between the 2 groups (P = .344). A clinically significant decline in HRQoL scores during treatment with docetaxel was reported in functional (MD, –2.43 points; P < .0001) and physical domains (MD, –2.89 points; P < .0001).

Study details: Post hoc analysis of a randomized, phase 3 SPCG-13 study including 376 patients with intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate cancer following radiotherapy were randomly assigned to docetaxel or surveillance.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Tampere University Hospital. The authors received advisory/speaker fees from various sources.

Source: Lehtonen M et al. Anticancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.15460.

Key clinical point: Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to higher PSA responses by 6 months in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Major finding: At 6 months, a higher proportion of patients in the apalutamide vs placebo group reported a PSA reduction of ≥50% (90% vs 1.5%) and ≥90% (57% vs 0%). Deep PSA responses (PSA reduction of ≥50% or PSA levels of ≤0.2 ng/mL) at 6 months after apalutamide treatment were associated with a significant improvement in metastasis-free survival (P < .001) and overall survival (P < .001).

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3 randomized SPARTAN trial of 1,207 patients with nonmetastatic CRPC randomly assigned to receive apalutamide (n=806) or placebo (n=401) plus ADT.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment, research funding, advisory/consulting roles, travel compensation, honoraria, stock ownership, royalties, or patents outside this work.

Source: Saad F et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 13. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.020.

Key clinical point: Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to higher PSA responses by 6 months in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Major finding: At 6 months, a higher proportion of patients in the apalutamide vs placebo group reported a PSA reduction of ≥50% (90% vs 1.5%) and ≥90% (57% vs 0%). Deep PSA responses (PSA reduction of ≥50% or PSA levels of ≤0.2 ng/mL) at 6 months after apalutamide treatment were associated with a significant improvement in metastasis-free survival (P < .001) and overall survival (P < .001).

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3 randomized SPARTAN trial of 1,207 patients with nonmetastatic CRPC randomly assigned to receive apalutamide (n=806) or placebo (n=401) plus ADT.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment, research funding, advisory/consulting roles, travel compensation, honoraria, stock ownership, royalties, or patents outside this work.

Source: Saad F et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 13. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.020.

Key clinical point: Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to higher PSA responses by 6 months in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Major finding: At 6 months, a higher proportion of patients in the apalutamide vs placebo group reported a PSA reduction of ≥50% (90% vs 1.5%) and ≥90% (57% vs 0%). Deep PSA responses (PSA reduction of ≥50% or PSA levels of ≤0.2 ng/mL) at 6 months after apalutamide treatment were associated with a significant improvement in metastasis-free survival (P < .001) and overall survival (P < .001).

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3 randomized SPARTAN trial of 1,207 patients with nonmetastatic CRPC randomly assigned to receive apalutamide (n=806) or placebo (n=401) plus ADT.

Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment, research funding, advisory/consulting roles, travel compensation, honoraria, stock ownership, royalties, or patents outside this work.

Source: Saad F et al. Eur Urol. 2021 Dec 13. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.020.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide was associated with worsening of self-reported fatigue, cognitive function, and physical function, but not overall health and quality of life (OHQL) in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).

Major finding: Conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen vs enzalutamide was associated with less worsening of fatigue (mean difference [MD], 5.2; P < .001), cognitive function (MD, 4.0; P < .001), and physical function (MD, 2.6; P < .001), but not OHQL (MD, 1.2; P = .1).

Study details: An open-label, international, randomized, phase 3, cooperative group ENZAMET trial of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic prostate cancer who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide or a conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Astellas. The authors received speakers/advisory/consulting fees, honoraria, research funding, royalties, and travel/accommodation expenses; were employed by; held stocks/other ownership interests; and had leadership roles outside this work.

Source: Stockler MR et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Dec 20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00941.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide was associated with worsening of self-reported fatigue, cognitive function, and physical function, but not overall health and quality of life (OHQL) in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).

Major finding: Conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen vs enzalutamide was associated with less worsening of fatigue (mean difference [MD], 5.2; P < .001), cognitive function (MD, 4.0; P < .001), and physical function (MD, 2.6; P < .001), but not OHQL (MD, 1.2; P = .1).

Study details: An open-label, international, randomized, phase 3, cooperative group ENZAMET trial of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic prostate cancer who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide or a conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Astellas. The authors received speakers/advisory/consulting fees, honoraria, research funding, royalties, and travel/accommodation expenses; were employed by; held stocks/other ownership interests; and had leadership roles outside this work.

Source: Stockler MR et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Dec 20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00941.

Key clinical point: Enzalutamide was associated with worsening of self-reported fatigue, cognitive function, and physical function, but not overall health and quality of life (OHQL) in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).

Major finding: Conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen vs enzalutamide was associated with less worsening of fatigue (mean difference [MD], 5.2; P < .001), cognitive function (MD, 4.0; P < .001), and physical function (MD, 2.6; P < .001), but not OHQL (MD, 1.2; P = .1).

Study details: An open-label, international, randomized, phase 3, cooperative group ENZAMET trial of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic prostate cancer who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide or a conventional nonsteroidal antiandrogen.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Astellas. The authors received speakers/advisory/consulting fees, honoraria, research funding, royalties, and travel/accommodation expenses; were employed by; held stocks/other ownership interests; and had leadership roles outside this work.

Source: Stockler MR et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Dec 20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00941.

Key clinical point: In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), enzalutamide improves outcomes independent of concurrent corticosteroid use (CCU).

Major finding: In patients with baseline CCU, enzalutamide vs placebo improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; P = .012), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS; HR, 0.59; P < .001), and time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP; HR, 0.36; P < .001). Enzalutamide improved OS (HR, 0.59; P < .001), rPFS (HR, 0.33; P < .001) and TTPP (HR, 0.22; P < .001) in patients with no CCU.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3, randomized AFFIRM trial of 1,199 patients with mCRPC who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide 160 mg/day or placebo.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received honoraria, advisory/consulting fees, nonfinancial support, and/or research funding outside this work. Some authors reported being employed, held patents, and/or were inventors or investigators.

Source: Zhao JL et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1090.

Key clinical point: In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), enzalutamide improves outcomes independent of concurrent corticosteroid use (CCU).

Major finding: In patients with baseline CCU, enzalutamide vs placebo improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; P = .012), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS; HR, 0.59; P < .001), and time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP; HR, 0.36; P < .001). Enzalutamide improved OS (HR, 0.59; P < .001), rPFS (HR, 0.33; P < .001) and TTPP (HR, 0.22; P < .001) in patients with no CCU.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3, randomized AFFIRM trial of 1,199 patients with mCRPC who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide 160 mg/day or placebo.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received honoraria, advisory/consulting fees, nonfinancial support, and/or research funding outside this work. Some authors reported being employed, held patents, and/or were inventors or investigators.

Source: Zhao JL et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1090.

Key clinical point: In patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), enzalutamide improves outcomes independent of concurrent corticosteroid use (CCU).

Major finding: In patients with baseline CCU, enzalutamide vs placebo improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; P = .012), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS; HR, 0.59; P < .001), and time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP; HR, 0.36; P < .001). Enzalutamide improved OS (HR, 0.59; P < .001), rPFS (HR, 0.33; P < .001) and TTPP (HR, 0.22; P < .001) in patients with no CCU.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of phase 3, randomized AFFIRM trial of 1,199 patients with mCRPC who were randomly assigned to enzalutamide 160 mg/day or placebo.

Disclosures: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and Astellas Pharma, Inc. The authors received honoraria, advisory/consulting fees, nonfinancial support, and/or research funding outside this work. Some authors reported being employed, held patents, and/or were inventors or investigators.

Source: Zhao JL et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 29. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1090.

Key clinical point: Adding abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) extends survival in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and visceral disease.

Major finding: AA+P vs placebo significantly improved overall survival (median, 55.4 months vs 33.0 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.582; P = .0029) and radiographic progression-free survival (median, 30.7 months vs 18.3 months; HR, 0.527; P = .0005) in patients with vs without visceral metastases.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of LATITUDE study including 1,199 newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC who were randomly assigned to AA+P and ADT or placebo plus ADT.

Disclosures: This work was funded by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment/stock ownership; received personal/advisory fees, funding, honorarium, and travel and accommodation expense outside this work; were employees of Janssen Research & Development; and/or held company stock.

Source: Baciarello G et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.026.

Key clinical point: Adding abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) extends survival in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and visceral disease.

Major finding: AA+P vs placebo significantly improved overall survival (median, 55.4 months vs 33.0 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.582; P = .0029) and radiographic progression-free survival (median, 30.7 months vs 18.3 months; HR, 0.527; P = .0005) in patients with vs without visceral metastases.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of LATITUDE study including 1,199 newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC who were randomly assigned to AA+P and ADT or placebo plus ADT.

Disclosures: This work was funded by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment/stock ownership; received personal/advisory fees, funding, honorarium, and travel and accommodation expense outside this work; were employees of Janssen Research & Development; and/or held company stock.

Source: Baciarello G et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.026.

Key clinical point: Adding abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) extends survival in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and visceral disease.

Major finding: AA+P vs placebo significantly improved overall survival (median, 55.4 months vs 33.0 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.582; P = .0029) and radiographic progression-free survival (median, 30.7 months vs 18.3 months; HR, 0.527; P = .0005) in patients with vs without visceral metastases.

Study details: A post hoc analysis of LATITUDE study including 1,199 newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC who were randomly assigned to AA+P and ADT or placebo plus ADT.

Disclosures: This work was funded by Janssen Research & Development. The authors reported employment/stock ownership; received personal/advisory fees, funding, honorarium, and travel and accommodation expense outside this work; were employees of Janssen Research & Development; and/or held company stock.

Source: Baciarello G et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Dec 22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.026.