Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template

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Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template

ABSTRACT

Soft tissue defects associated with exposed tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems because of tendon adhesions, poor range of motion, poor cosmetic appearance, and donor site morbidity. Dermal regeneration template is a skin substitute widely used in reconstructive surgery, including the occasional coverage of tendons. However, postoperative functionality of the tendons has not been well documented. We report a case of using dermal regeneration template for soft tissue reconstruction overlying tendons with loss of paratenon in a patient with Dupuytren’s contracture. Dermal regeneration template may offer an alternative option for immediate tendon coverage in the hand.

Soft tissue defects overlying exposed tendon with loss of paratenon often precipitate poor clinical outcomes because of the dichotomous demands of both closing the overlying soft-tissue defect and providing a gliding surface for the underlying tendons.1 Although avoidance of adhesions and restoration of function are the primary goals of the procedure, satisfactory appearance is also desirable. Likewise, any form of coverage should ideally provide good vasculature required for complete healing and an early form of closure following débridement.2 Simple skin grafts do not adequately meet these demands because they result in a high rate of tendon adhesions,3 and also are limited in patients with limited donor skin availability or questionable underlying wound bed viability, such as in scleroderma.

In order to reduce the frequency of tendon adhesions by creating a gliding surface, the use of interpositional materials, both artificial and biologic, has been employed with varying degrees of success, including cellophane, chitosan membrane, fibrin sealant, autogenous fascial flaps, and autogenous venous grafts.4-7 Many of the autogenous flaps and grafts have been employed with good success.8 However, complications and donor site morbidity encourage alternative procedures, including the use of artificial substances.2,8-10

We present our clinical experience with a patient who underwent successful placement of Integra (Integra LifeSciences) Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) directly over exposed tendons with a subsequent full-thickness skin graft several weeks later. The procedures were performed per the manufacturer’s specifications, resulting in 2 stages of reconstruction. In our experience, DRT can offer immediate coverage unrestricted by wound size, and provides shorter operative time and decreased donor site and surgical morbidity compared with flap coverage, while demonstrating good cosmetic results. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.

CASE

A 74-year-old right-handed man with Dupuytren’s contracture was evaluated for recurrent symptomatic contracture causing difficulty with daily activities. He reported palpable cords and contractures in the ring and small fingers of the right hand. He had 2 prior open surgical procedures, including palmar and digital fasciectomy of both hands. On the right hand, the ring and small fingers demonstrated 90° proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and 60° metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion contractures. Palpable central cords were present on the flexor surfaces of both the ring and small fingers. A well-healed surgical incision, performed 22 years earlier, was present over the palmar aspect of the ring finger.

Continue to: With consideration given...

 

 

With consideration given to the patient’s recurrent contracture after a prior surgical procedure, we discussed surgical excision of the diseased cords in order to eliminate the possibility of a second recurrence and maximize the gain of motion. Following discussion with the patient, we performed palmar and digital fasciectomy of the ring and small finger contractures. Postoperatively, the patient was followed closely for wound complications and vascular status. On his return to our clinic 11 days later, the patient was noted to have dehiscence of the digital wounds in the ring and small fingers (Figure 1). 

The flexor tendons of both digits were exposed with loss of paratenon, with defect sizes of 1 cm × 1.5 cm on the small finger and 1.5 cm × 2 cm on the ring finger.

STAGE 1

During the first stage, completed 14 days following the index procedure, débridement of the wounds was performed, followed by provisional DRT coverage of the tendons, secured with 5-0 nylon sutures (Figure 2). 

Next, nonadherent ADAPTIC dressings (Acelity) were placed over the DRT and affixed to the skin using gauze fluffs. On postoperative day 1, the first dressing change was performed, after which a weekly wound inspection was performed to evaluate for infection and to note the degree of vascularization of the neodermis beneath the silicone layer (Figure 3).

STAGE 2

At approximately 2 weeks after application of the DRT, a full-thickness skin graft was applied. The thickness of the graft was chosen to allow for durable coverage of the palmar skin defects. Upon successful completion of the second stage, the patient was followed and evaluated for complete wound healing. On performing an examination 14 days after surgery, the ring and small fingers demonstrated only partially healed skin graft but significantly improved range of motion (ROM), with 40° to 90° arc of motion in the PIP joint and 25° to 90° arc of motion in the MCP joint (Figure 4). Owing to their limited size, the wounds were treated with dressing changes until successful healing (Figure 5).

 

Hand therapy was instituted to achieve maximum mobility for covered soft tissue and tendons and to maximize tendon gliding. At 1-year follow-up, the skin was fully healed and the patient’s active PIP motion was 30° to 90°, active MCP motion was 0° to 90°, and grip strength was 90 lb on both sides. The tendons glided under a well-vascularized tissue at the DRT placement site, and no secondary tenolysis procedure was deemed necessary.

DISCUSSION

Soft tissue defects with exposed tendons may offer a number of challenges for coverage. The primary concern is the creation of a gliding surface and the restoration of a functional tendon without adhesions.2 However, surgeons must use their own clinical judgment when choosing the method of coverage so as to minimize the effects of donor site morbidity and maximize the overall functional and cosmetic outcomes. All options must be considered while selecting a material or flap that is likely to survive in the relatively avascular tendon plane.2,8,11 When considering the reconstructive ladder, skin grafts may not represent a viable option in the presence of a nonvascularized wound bed, such as exposed tendon or bone, where paratenon or periosteum have been damaged. That leaves the surgeon with local flaps, regional flaps, free flaps, and skin substitutes.

Continue to : Before planning closure...

 

 

Before planning closure, wound conditions should be optimized, including wound bed quality, vascularization, and bacterial loads. Experimental data suggest that the bacterial load should be brought down below a critical level of 105 bacteria per g of tissue to allow a skin graft to take. This may be problematic from a practical standpoint because quantitative bacterial cultures take about 48 hours to obtain the result, long after a decision to graft is made. As a result, the surgeon may take an aggressive approach to wound débridement, making sure that all necrotic material has been sharply débrided prior to coverage.

As Levin12 noted in 1993, decisions regarding repair of any soft tissue defect may follow a well-delineated ladder beginning with the primary choice of split-thickness skin grafts and ending with free flaps. When treating tissue defects in the hand complex, flaps are an excellent option as they replace like with like, allow minimal scarring and early rehabilitation. 13,14 Nevertheless, a few general disadvantages are inherent in flap procedure: increase in operating time, risk of flap loss, and in case of free flaps, knowledge, experience, and microsurgical ability.2 In reference to complications, the rate of flap loss found by Khouri and colleagues15 was 4.1% with a 12.1% chance of incurring some measured complication, including wound dehiscence, arterial insufficiency, and flap necrosis.

Likewise, some of the conventional local and free flaps, including cutaneous and muscular flaps, prove ineffective in preventing tendon adhesions, create unsightly postoperative contours, or increase the area of trauma on the wounded hand, encouraging the use of free fascial flaps.11 Among the wide array of potential free fascial flaps, the temporoparietal, scapular, lateral arm, radial forearm, and free serratus fascial flaps are some of the most popular for hand defects.8,9 However, these procedures require an additional surgical site, meticulous dissection, microsurgical technique at times, and increased operating cost and time.2,8-10 Furthermore, free fascial flaps have demonstrated occasional partial flap loss and a decreased survival of the overlying skin graft, leading some to advocate delayed skin graft placement.10,16,17

On the basis of these complications, Bray and colleagues11 noted that the utility of free flaps may be limited in smaller clinical settings. The primary disadvantage of using DRTs is the necessity for a second operative procedure to harvest and place the skin graft. Traditionally, this is performed 2 to 3 weeks after the initial DRT application. Nevertheless, a 1-stage procedure can be performed in an outpatient setup, minimizing the burden to the patient and the medical costs, followed by secondary intention healing.

In response to critics of the 2-stage technique, Sanger and colleagues18 described single-stage use of DRT with split-thickness skin grafts with placement of an overlying wound vacuum-assisted closure to help speed incorporation of the DRT and improve survival of the immediately grafted skin. Another viable alternative is the McCash open-palm technique.19 In the open-palm technique, a Brunner zigzag incision is made in the affected digit. A transverse incision is made in the palm. A partial fasciectomy is performed in the palm and digit. After release, the digital incision is closed, and the palmar incision is left open. Although this well-studied and well-reported technique is known to reduce the risk of flap necrosis due to tension and hematoma,20 its main application is in the palm, as the name implies. Because in our patient the defect was palmar-digital with exposed “white structures,” we elected to use DRT.

Continue to: Although there is still...

 

 

Although there is still no perfect answer for wound coverage and closure in the hand with exposed or damaged tendons, DRT certainly performs well as a primary choice by minimizing adhesions; allowing a good ROM; and providing a durable, satisfactory cosmetic outcome. Likewise, an initial treatment with DRT does not preclude later, more elaborate reconstructive efforts, such as local or free flaps, if they continue to be indicated. DRT also does not diminish the ability to revise a tendon reconstruction if a secondary procedure is necessary. In our patient, tendon revision has not been necessary. DRT gives the surgeon a minimally invasive, efficient initial alternative to more labor-intensive, potentially morbid reconstructive procedures, without sacrificing outcome. Therefore, DRT can offer an alternative procedure in the surgeon’s armamentarium for tendon coverage in complex hand defects.
References

1. Flügel A. Kehrer C. Heitmann C, German G, Sauerbier M. Coverage of soft tissue defects of the hand with free fascial flaps. Microsurgery.2005;25(1):47-53.

2. Chen H, Buchman MT, Wei FC. Free flaps for soft tissue coverage in the hand and fingers. Hand Clin. 1999;15(4):541-554.

3. Chia J, Lim A, Peng YP. Use of an arterialized venous flap for resurfacing a circumferential soft tissue defect of a digit. Microsurgery. 2001; 21(8):374-378.

4. Wheeldon T. The use of cellophane as a permanent tendon sheath. J Bone J Surg Am; 1939;21(2):393-396.

5. Frykman E, Jacobsson S, Widenfalk B. Fibrin sealant in prevention of flexor tendon adhesions: an experimental study in the rabbit. J Hand Surg Am. 1993;18(1):68-75.

6. Jones NF, Lister GD. Free skin and composite flaps. In: Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, eds. Green’s Operative hand surgery. 6th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2011:1721-1756.

7. Yan D, Shi X, Lui Q. Reconstruction of tendon sheath by autogenous vein graft in preventing adhesion. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1997;11(1):38-39.

8. Pederson WC. Upper extremity microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107(6):1524-1537; discussion 1538-15399, 1540-1543.

9. WintschK, Helaly P. Free flap of gliding tissue. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1986;2(3):143-151.

10. Meland NB, Weimar R. Microsurgical reconstruction: experience with free fascia flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1991;27(1):1-8.

11. Bray PW, Boyer MI, Bowen CV. Complex injuries of the forearm. Coverage considerations. Hand Clin. 1997;13(2):263-278.

12. Levin LS. The reconstructive ladder: an orthoplastic approach. Ortho Clin North Am. 1993; 24(3):393-409.

13. Hallock GG. Utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2000;48 (5):913-917. doi:10.1097/00005373-200005000-00016.

14. Hallock GG. The utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe upper extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2002;53(1):61-65. doi:10.1097/00005373-200207000-00013.

15. Khouri RK, Cooley BC, Kunselman AR, et al. A prospective study of microvascular free-flap surgery and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102(3):711-721.

16. Woods JM 4th, Shack RB, Hagan KF. Free temporoparietal fascia flap in reconstruction of the lower extremity. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;34(5):501-506. doi:10.1097/00000637-199505000-00008.

17. Chung KC, Cederna PS. Endoscopic harvest of temporoparietal fascial free flaps for coverage of hand wounds. J Hand Surg Am. 2002;27(3):525-533.

18. Sanger C, Molnar JA, Newman CE, et al. Immediate skin grafting of an engineered dermal substitute: P37. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(3S):165.

19. McCash CR. The open palm technique in Dupuytren’s contracture. Br J Plast Surg. 1964;17:271-280.

20. Shaw DL, Wise DI, Holms W. Dupuytren's disease treated by palmar fasciectomy and an open palm technique. J Hand Surg Br. 1996;21(4):484-485.

Author and Disclosure Information

Authors’ Disclosure Statement: The authors report no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this article.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank Allison Zur for her help in preparing the manuscript.

Dr Melamed is an Assistant Professor, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital. New York, New York. Dr. Melone is Director of the Division of Hand Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, and Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai. New York, New York. 

Address correspondence to: Eitan Melamed, MD, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 E 17th street, New York, NY 10003 (email, [email protected]).

Am J Orthop. 2018;47(5). Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2018. All rights reserved.

. Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template . Am J Orthop.

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Author and Disclosure Information

Authors’ Disclosure Statement: The authors report no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this article.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank Allison Zur for her help in preparing the manuscript.

Dr Melamed is an Assistant Professor, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital. New York, New York. Dr. Melone is Director of the Division of Hand Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, and Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai. New York, New York. 

Address correspondence to: Eitan Melamed, MD, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 E 17th street, New York, NY 10003 (email, [email protected]).

Am J Orthop. 2018;47(5). Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2018. All rights reserved.

. Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template . Am J Orthop.

Author and Disclosure Information

Authors’ Disclosure Statement: The authors report no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this article.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank Allison Zur for her help in preparing the manuscript.

Dr Melamed is an Assistant Professor, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital. New York, New York. Dr. Melone is Director of the Division of Hand Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, and Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai. New York, New York. 

Address correspondence to: Eitan Melamed, MD, Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 E 17th street, New York, NY 10003 (email, [email protected]).

Am J Orthop. 2018;47(5). Copyright Frontline Medical Communications Inc. 2018. All rights reserved.

. Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template . Am J Orthop.

ABSTRACT

Soft tissue defects associated with exposed tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems because of tendon adhesions, poor range of motion, poor cosmetic appearance, and donor site morbidity. Dermal regeneration template is a skin substitute widely used in reconstructive surgery, including the occasional coverage of tendons. However, postoperative functionality of the tendons has not been well documented. We report a case of using dermal regeneration template for soft tissue reconstruction overlying tendons with loss of paratenon in a patient with Dupuytren’s contracture. Dermal regeneration template may offer an alternative option for immediate tendon coverage in the hand.

Soft tissue defects overlying exposed tendon with loss of paratenon often precipitate poor clinical outcomes because of the dichotomous demands of both closing the overlying soft-tissue defect and providing a gliding surface for the underlying tendons.1 Although avoidance of adhesions and restoration of function are the primary goals of the procedure, satisfactory appearance is also desirable. Likewise, any form of coverage should ideally provide good vasculature required for complete healing and an early form of closure following débridement.2 Simple skin grafts do not adequately meet these demands because they result in a high rate of tendon adhesions,3 and also are limited in patients with limited donor skin availability or questionable underlying wound bed viability, such as in scleroderma.

In order to reduce the frequency of tendon adhesions by creating a gliding surface, the use of interpositional materials, both artificial and biologic, has been employed with varying degrees of success, including cellophane, chitosan membrane, fibrin sealant, autogenous fascial flaps, and autogenous venous grafts.4-7 Many of the autogenous flaps and grafts have been employed with good success.8 However, complications and donor site morbidity encourage alternative procedures, including the use of artificial substances.2,8-10

We present our clinical experience with a patient who underwent successful placement of Integra (Integra LifeSciences) Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) directly over exposed tendons with a subsequent full-thickness skin graft several weeks later. The procedures were performed per the manufacturer’s specifications, resulting in 2 stages of reconstruction. In our experience, DRT can offer immediate coverage unrestricted by wound size, and provides shorter operative time and decreased donor site and surgical morbidity compared with flap coverage, while demonstrating good cosmetic results. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.

CASE

A 74-year-old right-handed man with Dupuytren’s contracture was evaluated for recurrent symptomatic contracture causing difficulty with daily activities. He reported palpable cords and contractures in the ring and small fingers of the right hand. He had 2 prior open surgical procedures, including palmar and digital fasciectomy of both hands. On the right hand, the ring and small fingers demonstrated 90° proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and 60° metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion contractures. Palpable central cords were present on the flexor surfaces of both the ring and small fingers. A well-healed surgical incision, performed 22 years earlier, was present over the palmar aspect of the ring finger.

Continue to: With consideration given...

 

 

With consideration given to the patient’s recurrent contracture after a prior surgical procedure, we discussed surgical excision of the diseased cords in order to eliminate the possibility of a second recurrence and maximize the gain of motion. Following discussion with the patient, we performed palmar and digital fasciectomy of the ring and small finger contractures. Postoperatively, the patient was followed closely for wound complications and vascular status. On his return to our clinic 11 days later, the patient was noted to have dehiscence of the digital wounds in the ring and small fingers (Figure 1). 

The flexor tendons of both digits were exposed with loss of paratenon, with defect sizes of 1 cm × 1.5 cm on the small finger and 1.5 cm × 2 cm on the ring finger.

STAGE 1

During the first stage, completed 14 days following the index procedure, débridement of the wounds was performed, followed by provisional DRT coverage of the tendons, secured with 5-0 nylon sutures (Figure 2). 

Next, nonadherent ADAPTIC dressings (Acelity) were placed over the DRT and affixed to the skin using gauze fluffs. On postoperative day 1, the first dressing change was performed, after which a weekly wound inspection was performed to evaluate for infection and to note the degree of vascularization of the neodermis beneath the silicone layer (Figure 3).

STAGE 2

At approximately 2 weeks after application of the DRT, a full-thickness skin graft was applied. The thickness of the graft was chosen to allow for durable coverage of the palmar skin defects. Upon successful completion of the second stage, the patient was followed and evaluated for complete wound healing. On performing an examination 14 days after surgery, the ring and small fingers demonstrated only partially healed skin graft but significantly improved range of motion (ROM), with 40° to 90° arc of motion in the PIP joint and 25° to 90° arc of motion in the MCP joint (Figure 4). Owing to their limited size, the wounds were treated with dressing changes until successful healing (Figure 5).

 

Hand therapy was instituted to achieve maximum mobility for covered soft tissue and tendons and to maximize tendon gliding. At 1-year follow-up, the skin was fully healed and the patient’s active PIP motion was 30° to 90°, active MCP motion was 0° to 90°, and grip strength was 90 lb on both sides. The tendons glided under a well-vascularized tissue at the DRT placement site, and no secondary tenolysis procedure was deemed necessary.

DISCUSSION

Soft tissue defects with exposed tendons may offer a number of challenges for coverage. The primary concern is the creation of a gliding surface and the restoration of a functional tendon without adhesions.2 However, surgeons must use their own clinical judgment when choosing the method of coverage so as to minimize the effects of donor site morbidity and maximize the overall functional and cosmetic outcomes. All options must be considered while selecting a material or flap that is likely to survive in the relatively avascular tendon plane.2,8,11 When considering the reconstructive ladder, skin grafts may not represent a viable option in the presence of a nonvascularized wound bed, such as exposed tendon or bone, where paratenon or periosteum have been damaged. That leaves the surgeon with local flaps, regional flaps, free flaps, and skin substitutes.

Continue to : Before planning closure...

 

 

Before planning closure, wound conditions should be optimized, including wound bed quality, vascularization, and bacterial loads. Experimental data suggest that the bacterial load should be brought down below a critical level of 105 bacteria per g of tissue to allow a skin graft to take. This may be problematic from a practical standpoint because quantitative bacterial cultures take about 48 hours to obtain the result, long after a decision to graft is made. As a result, the surgeon may take an aggressive approach to wound débridement, making sure that all necrotic material has been sharply débrided prior to coverage.

As Levin12 noted in 1993, decisions regarding repair of any soft tissue defect may follow a well-delineated ladder beginning with the primary choice of split-thickness skin grafts and ending with free flaps. When treating tissue defects in the hand complex, flaps are an excellent option as they replace like with like, allow minimal scarring and early rehabilitation. 13,14 Nevertheless, a few general disadvantages are inherent in flap procedure: increase in operating time, risk of flap loss, and in case of free flaps, knowledge, experience, and microsurgical ability.2 In reference to complications, the rate of flap loss found by Khouri and colleagues15 was 4.1% with a 12.1% chance of incurring some measured complication, including wound dehiscence, arterial insufficiency, and flap necrosis.

Likewise, some of the conventional local and free flaps, including cutaneous and muscular flaps, prove ineffective in preventing tendon adhesions, create unsightly postoperative contours, or increase the area of trauma on the wounded hand, encouraging the use of free fascial flaps.11 Among the wide array of potential free fascial flaps, the temporoparietal, scapular, lateral arm, radial forearm, and free serratus fascial flaps are some of the most popular for hand defects.8,9 However, these procedures require an additional surgical site, meticulous dissection, microsurgical technique at times, and increased operating cost and time.2,8-10 Furthermore, free fascial flaps have demonstrated occasional partial flap loss and a decreased survival of the overlying skin graft, leading some to advocate delayed skin graft placement.10,16,17

On the basis of these complications, Bray and colleagues11 noted that the utility of free flaps may be limited in smaller clinical settings. The primary disadvantage of using DRTs is the necessity for a second operative procedure to harvest and place the skin graft. Traditionally, this is performed 2 to 3 weeks after the initial DRT application. Nevertheless, a 1-stage procedure can be performed in an outpatient setup, minimizing the burden to the patient and the medical costs, followed by secondary intention healing.

In response to critics of the 2-stage technique, Sanger and colleagues18 described single-stage use of DRT with split-thickness skin grafts with placement of an overlying wound vacuum-assisted closure to help speed incorporation of the DRT and improve survival of the immediately grafted skin. Another viable alternative is the McCash open-palm technique.19 In the open-palm technique, a Brunner zigzag incision is made in the affected digit. A transverse incision is made in the palm. A partial fasciectomy is performed in the palm and digit. After release, the digital incision is closed, and the palmar incision is left open. Although this well-studied and well-reported technique is known to reduce the risk of flap necrosis due to tension and hematoma,20 its main application is in the palm, as the name implies. Because in our patient the defect was palmar-digital with exposed “white structures,” we elected to use DRT.

Continue to: Although there is still...

 

 

Although there is still no perfect answer for wound coverage and closure in the hand with exposed or damaged tendons, DRT certainly performs well as a primary choice by minimizing adhesions; allowing a good ROM; and providing a durable, satisfactory cosmetic outcome. Likewise, an initial treatment with DRT does not preclude later, more elaborate reconstructive efforts, such as local or free flaps, if they continue to be indicated. DRT also does not diminish the ability to revise a tendon reconstruction if a secondary procedure is necessary. In our patient, tendon revision has not been necessary. DRT gives the surgeon a minimally invasive, efficient initial alternative to more labor-intensive, potentially morbid reconstructive procedures, without sacrificing outcome. Therefore, DRT can offer an alternative procedure in the surgeon’s armamentarium for tendon coverage in complex hand defects.

ABSTRACT

Soft tissue defects associated with exposed tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems because of tendon adhesions, poor range of motion, poor cosmetic appearance, and donor site morbidity. Dermal regeneration template is a skin substitute widely used in reconstructive surgery, including the occasional coverage of tendons. However, postoperative functionality of the tendons has not been well documented. We report a case of using dermal regeneration template for soft tissue reconstruction overlying tendons with loss of paratenon in a patient with Dupuytren’s contracture. Dermal regeneration template may offer an alternative option for immediate tendon coverage in the hand.

Soft tissue defects overlying exposed tendon with loss of paratenon often precipitate poor clinical outcomes because of the dichotomous demands of both closing the overlying soft-tissue defect and providing a gliding surface for the underlying tendons.1 Although avoidance of adhesions and restoration of function are the primary goals of the procedure, satisfactory appearance is also desirable. Likewise, any form of coverage should ideally provide good vasculature required for complete healing and an early form of closure following débridement.2 Simple skin grafts do not adequately meet these demands because they result in a high rate of tendon adhesions,3 and also are limited in patients with limited donor skin availability or questionable underlying wound bed viability, such as in scleroderma.

In order to reduce the frequency of tendon adhesions by creating a gliding surface, the use of interpositional materials, both artificial and biologic, has been employed with varying degrees of success, including cellophane, chitosan membrane, fibrin sealant, autogenous fascial flaps, and autogenous venous grafts.4-7 Many of the autogenous flaps and grafts have been employed with good success.8 However, complications and donor site morbidity encourage alternative procedures, including the use of artificial substances.2,8-10

We present our clinical experience with a patient who underwent successful placement of Integra (Integra LifeSciences) Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) directly over exposed tendons with a subsequent full-thickness skin graft several weeks later. The procedures were performed per the manufacturer’s specifications, resulting in 2 stages of reconstruction. In our experience, DRT can offer immediate coverage unrestricted by wound size, and provides shorter operative time and decreased donor site and surgical morbidity compared with flap coverage, while demonstrating good cosmetic results. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.

CASE

A 74-year-old right-handed man with Dupuytren’s contracture was evaluated for recurrent symptomatic contracture causing difficulty with daily activities. He reported palpable cords and contractures in the ring and small fingers of the right hand. He had 2 prior open surgical procedures, including palmar and digital fasciectomy of both hands. On the right hand, the ring and small fingers demonstrated 90° proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and 60° metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion contractures. Palpable central cords were present on the flexor surfaces of both the ring and small fingers. A well-healed surgical incision, performed 22 years earlier, was present over the palmar aspect of the ring finger.

Continue to: With consideration given...

 

 

With consideration given to the patient’s recurrent contracture after a prior surgical procedure, we discussed surgical excision of the diseased cords in order to eliminate the possibility of a second recurrence and maximize the gain of motion. Following discussion with the patient, we performed palmar and digital fasciectomy of the ring and small finger contractures. Postoperatively, the patient was followed closely for wound complications and vascular status. On his return to our clinic 11 days later, the patient was noted to have dehiscence of the digital wounds in the ring and small fingers (Figure 1). 

The flexor tendons of both digits were exposed with loss of paratenon, with defect sizes of 1 cm × 1.5 cm on the small finger and 1.5 cm × 2 cm on the ring finger.

STAGE 1

During the first stage, completed 14 days following the index procedure, débridement of the wounds was performed, followed by provisional DRT coverage of the tendons, secured with 5-0 nylon sutures (Figure 2). 

Next, nonadherent ADAPTIC dressings (Acelity) were placed over the DRT and affixed to the skin using gauze fluffs. On postoperative day 1, the first dressing change was performed, after which a weekly wound inspection was performed to evaluate for infection and to note the degree of vascularization of the neodermis beneath the silicone layer (Figure 3).

STAGE 2

At approximately 2 weeks after application of the DRT, a full-thickness skin graft was applied. The thickness of the graft was chosen to allow for durable coverage of the palmar skin defects. Upon successful completion of the second stage, the patient was followed and evaluated for complete wound healing. On performing an examination 14 days after surgery, the ring and small fingers demonstrated only partially healed skin graft but significantly improved range of motion (ROM), with 40° to 90° arc of motion in the PIP joint and 25° to 90° arc of motion in the MCP joint (Figure 4). Owing to their limited size, the wounds were treated with dressing changes until successful healing (Figure 5).

 

Hand therapy was instituted to achieve maximum mobility for covered soft tissue and tendons and to maximize tendon gliding. At 1-year follow-up, the skin was fully healed and the patient’s active PIP motion was 30° to 90°, active MCP motion was 0° to 90°, and grip strength was 90 lb on both sides. The tendons glided under a well-vascularized tissue at the DRT placement site, and no secondary tenolysis procedure was deemed necessary.

DISCUSSION

Soft tissue defects with exposed tendons may offer a number of challenges for coverage. The primary concern is the creation of a gliding surface and the restoration of a functional tendon without adhesions.2 However, surgeons must use their own clinical judgment when choosing the method of coverage so as to minimize the effects of donor site morbidity and maximize the overall functional and cosmetic outcomes. All options must be considered while selecting a material or flap that is likely to survive in the relatively avascular tendon plane.2,8,11 When considering the reconstructive ladder, skin grafts may not represent a viable option in the presence of a nonvascularized wound bed, such as exposed tendon or bone, where paratenon or periosteum have been damaged. That leaves the surgeon with local flaps, regional flaps, free flaps, and skin substitutes.

Continue to : Before planning closure...

 

 

Before planning closure, wound conditions should be optimized, including wound bed quality, vascularization, and bacterial loads. Experimental data suggest that the bacterial load should be brought down below a critical level of 105 bacteria per g of tissue to allow a skin graft to take. This may be problematic from a practical standpoint because quantitative bacterial cultures take about 48 hours to obtain the result, long after a decision to graft is made. As a result, the surgeon may take an aggressive approach to wound débridement, making sure that all necrotic material has been sharply débrided prior to coverage.

As Levin12 noted in 1993, decisions regarding repair of any soft tissue defect may follow a well-delineated ladder beginning with the primary choice of split-thickness skin grafts and ending with free flaps. When treating tissue defects in the hand complex, flaps are an excellent option as they replace like with like, allow minimal scarring and early rehabilitation. 13,14 Nevertheless, a few general disadvantages are inherent in flap procedure: increase in operating time, risk of flap loss, and in case of free flaps, knowledge, experience, and microsurgical ability.2 In reference to complications, the rate of flap loss found by Khouri and colleagues15 was 4.1% with a 12.1% chance of incurring some measured complication, including wound dehiscence, arterial insufficiency, and flap necrosis.

Likewise, some of the conventional local and free flaps, including cutaneous and muscular flaps, prove ineffective in preventing tendon adhesions, create unsightly postoperative contours, or increase the area of trauma on the wounded hand, encouraging the use of free fascial flaps.11 Among the wide array of potential free fascial flaps, the temporoparietal, scapular, lateral arm, radial forearm, and free serratus fascial flaps are some of the most popular for hand defects.8,9 However, these procedures require an additional surgical site, meticulous dissection, microsurgical technique at times, and increased operating cost and time.2,8-10 Furthermore, free fascial flaps have demonstrated occasional partial flap loss and a decreased survival of the overlying skin graft, leading some to advocate delayed skin graft placement.10,16,17

On the basis of these complications, Bray and colleagues11 noted that the utility of free flaps may be limited in smaller clinical settings. The primary disadvantage of using DRTs is the necessity for a second operative procedure to harvest and place the skin graft. Traditionally, this is performed 2 to 3 weeks after the initial DRT application. Nevertheless, a 1-stage procedure can be performed in an outpatient setup, minimizing the burden to the patient and the medical costs, followed by secondary intention healing.

In response to critics of the 2-stage technique, Sanger and colleagues18 described single-stage use of DRT with split-thickness skin grafts with placement of an overlying wound vacuum-assisted closure to help speed incorporation of the DRT and improve survival of the immediately grafted skin. Another viable alternative is the McCash open-palm technique.19 In the open-palm technique, a Brunner zigzag incision is made in the affected digit. A transverse incision is made in the palm. A partial fasciectomy is performed in the palm and digit. After release, the digital incision is closed, and the palmar incision is left open. Although this well-studied and well-reported technique is known to reduce the risk of flap necrosis due to tension and hematoma,20 its main application is in the palm, as the name implies. Because in our patient the defect was palmar-digital with exposed “white structures,” we elected to use DRT.

Continue to: Although there is still...

 

 

Although there is still no perfect answer for wound coverage and closure in the hand with exposed or damaged tendons, DRT certainly performs well as a primary choice by minimizing adhesions; allowing a good ROM; and providing a durable, satisfactory cosmetic outcome. Likewise, an initial treatment with DRT does not preclude later, more elaborate reconstructive efforts, such as local or free flaps, if they continue to be indicated. DRT also does not diminish the ability to revise a tendon reconstruction if a secondary procedure is necessary. In our patient, tendon revision has not been necessary. DRT gives the surgeon a minimally invasive, efficient initial alternative to more labor-intensive, potentially morbid reconstructive procedures, without sacrificing outcome. Therefore, DRT can offer an alternative procedure in the surgeon’s armamentarium for tendon coverage in complex hand defects.
References

1. Flügel A. Kehrer C. Heitmann C, German G, Sauerbier M. Coverage of soft tissue defects of the hand with free fascial flaps. Microsurgery.2005;25(1):47-53.

2. Chen H, Buchman MT, Wei FC. Free flaps for soft tissue coverage in the hand and fingers. Hand Clin. 1999;15(4):541-554.

3. Chia J, Lim A, Peng YP. Use of an arterialized venous flap for resurfacing a circumferential soft tissue defect of a digit. Microsurgery. 2001; 21(8):374-378.

4. Wheeldon T. The use of cellophane as a permanent tendon sheath. J Bone J Surg Am; 1939;21(2):393-396.

5. Frykman E, Jacobsson S, Widenfalk B. Fibrin sealant in prevention of flexor tendon adhesions: an experimental study in the rabbit. J Hand Surg Am. 1993;18(1):68-75.

6. Jones NF, Lister GD. Free skin and composite flaps. In: Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, eds. Green’s Operative hand surgery. 6th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2011:1721-1756.

7. Yan D, Shi X, Lui Q. Reconstruction of tendon sheath by autogenous vein graft in preventing adhesion. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1997;11(1):38-39.

8. Pederson WC. Upper extremity microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107(6):1524-1537; discussion 1538-15399, 1540-1543.

9. WintschK, Helaly P. Free flap of gliding tissue. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1986;2(3):143-151.

10. Meland NB, Weimar R. Microsurgical reconstruction: experience with free fascia flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1991;27(1):1-8.

11. Bray PW, Boyer MI, Bowen CV. Complex injuries of the forearm. Coverage considerations. Hand Clin. 1997;13(2):263-278.

12. Levin LS. The reconstructive ladder: an orthoplastic approach. Ortho Clin North Am. 1993; 24(3):393-409.

13. Hallock GG. Utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2000;48 (5):913-917. doi:10.1097/00005373-200005000-00016.

14. Hallock GG. The utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe upper extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2002;53(1):61-65. doi:10.1097/00005373-200207000-00013.

15. Khouri RK, Cooley BC, Kunselman AR, et al. A prospective study of microvascular free-flap surgery and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102(3):711-721.

16. Woods JM 4th, Shack RB, Hagan KF. Free temporoparietal fascia flap in reconstruction of the lower extremity. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;34(5):501-506. doi:10.1097/00000637-199505000-00008.

17. Chung KC, Cederna PS. Endoscopic harvest of temporoparietal fascial free flaps for coverage of hand wounds. J Hand Surg Am. 2002;27(3):525-533.

18. Sanger C, Molnar JA, Newman CE, et al. Immediate skin grafting of an engineered dermal substitute: P37. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(3S):165.

19. McCash CR. The open palm technique in Dupuytren’s contracture. Br J Plast Surg. 1964;17:271-280.

20. Shaw DL, Wise DI, Holms W. Dupuytren's disease treated by palmar fasciectomy and an open palm technique. J Hand Surg Br. 1996;21(4):484-485.

References

1. Flügel A. Kehrer C. Heitmann C, German G, Sauerbier M. Coverage of soft tissue defects of the hand with free fascial flaps. Microsurgery.2005;25(1):47-53.

2. Chen H, Buchman MT, Wei FC. Free flaps for soft tissue coverage in the hand and fingers. Hand Clin. 1999;15(4):541-554.

3. Chia J, Lim A, Peng YP. Use of an arterialized venous flap for resurfacing a circumferential soft tissue defect of a digit. Microsurgery. 2001; 21(8):374-378.

4. Wheeldon T. The use of cellophane as a permanent tendon sheath. J Bone J Surg Am; 1939;21(2):393-396.

5. Frykman E, Jacobsson S, Widenfalk B. Fibrin sealant in prevention of flexor tendon adhesions: an experimental study in the rabbit. J Hand Surg Am. 1993;18(1):68-75.

6. Jones NF, Lister GD. Free skin and composite flaps. In: Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, eds. Green’s Operative hand surgery. 6th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2011:1721-1756.

7. Yan D, Shi X, Lui Q. Reconstruction of tendon sheath by autogenous vein graft in preventing adhesion. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1997;11(1):38-39.

8. Pederson WC. Upper extremity microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107(6):1524-1537; discussion 1538-15399, 1540-1543.

9. WintschK, Helaly P. Free flap of gliding tissue. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1986;2(3):143-151.

10. Meland NB, Weimar R. Microsurgical reconstruction: experience with free fascia flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1991;27(1):1-8.

11. Bray PW, Boyer MI, Bowen CV. Complex injuries of the forearm. Coverage considerations. Hand Clin. 1997;13(2):263-278.

12. Levin LS. The reconstructive ladder: an orthoplastic approach. Ortho Clin North Am. 1993; 24(3):393-409.

13. Hallock GG. Utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2000;48 (5):913-917. doi:10.1097/00005373-200005000-00016.

14. Hallock GG. The utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe upper extremity trauma. J Trauma. 2002;53(1):61-65. doi:10.1097/00005373-200207000-00013.

15. Khouri RK, Cooley BC, Kunselman AR, et al. A prospective study of microvascular free-flap surgery and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102(3):711-721.

16. Woods JM 4th, Shack RB, Hagan KF. Free temporoparietal fascia flap in reconstruction of the lower extremity. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;34(5):501-506. doi:10.1097/00000637-199505000-00008.

17. Chung KC, Cederna PS. Endoscopic harvest of temporoparietal fascial free flaps for coverage of hand wounds. J Hand Surg Am. 2002;27(3):525-533.

18. Sanger C, Molnar JA, Newman CE, et al. Immediate skin grafting of an engineered dermal substitute: P37. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(3S):165.

19. McCash CR. The open palm technique in Dupuytren’s contracture. Br J Plast Surg. 1964;17:271-280.

20. Shaw DL, Wise DI, Holms W. Dupuytren's disease treated by palmar fasciectomy and an open palm technique. J Hand Surg Br. 1996;21(4):484-485.

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Coverage of Hand Defects with Exposed Tendons: The Use of Dermal Regeneration Template
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TAKE-HOME POINTS

  • Full thickness skin grafts are generally considered unreliable for coverage of 3-dimensional defects of the hand with tendon exposure.
  • Integra (Integra LifeSciences) is a bilayer skin substitute. The “dermal” (lower) layer is a bovine collagen base with glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate while the upper layer is a silicone sheet that acts as a temporary epidermis.
  • Despite its popularity of Integra in burn reconstruction, little has been published regarding its utility in complex hand wounds with exposed tendons.
  • Small areas of exposed tendons without remaining paratenon can be successfully grafted with Integra.
  • In the presence of a healthy wound bed and no necrotic tissue or infection, Integra offers a reconstructive option that allows immediate coverage of complex hand wounds.
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5-year data show deepening response with ibrutinib in CLL

Mature ibrutinib data yield long-term insights
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Single-agent ibrutinib has had sustained efficacy and a rate of complete response that has increased over time, according to a 5-year follow-up report including 132 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Efficacy has been maintained in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory CLL, despite the presence of high-risk genomic features in many patients, investigators reported in Blood.

Treatment has been well tolerated, and the occurrence of severe adverse events has diminished over time, according to Susan M. O’Brien, MD, of the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues.

“The safety profile of ibrutinib over time remains acceptable and manageable, allowing almost one-half of the patients (48%) to be treated for more than 4 years and thus maximize response,” the investigators wrote.

The report was based on 5-year follow-up of patients with CLL who had been enrolled in a phase 1b/2 study (PCYC-1102) and an extension study (PCYC-1103). A total of 132 patients were evaluated, including 101 with relapsed/refractory disease and 31 who were treatment naive.

The overall response rate remained high, at 89% in this 5-year follow-up. Complete response rates increased over time, reaching 29% in treatment-naive patients and 10% in relapsed/refractory patients. In a previous report on 3-year follow-up for these patients, investigators reported complete response rates of 23% in the previously untreated group and 7% in the relapsed/refractory group. The new findings demonstrate “deepening of responses” with continued ibrutinib therapy, Dr. O’Brien and her coauthors wrote.

The 5-year rate of progression-free survival was 44% for relapsed/refractory patients and 92% for treatment-naive patients in this study. Median progression-free survival was 51 months for the relapsed/refractory cohort. “[Progression-free survival] with single-agent ibrutinib in [treatment-naive] patients appears particularly favorable, because the median has not been reached,” investigators wrote.

 

 


Adverse events that limited treatment were more frequent during the first year of treatment than in subsequent years, data show, while new onset of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia decreased over time.

The overall response rate was high even in patients with high-risk genetic features. Rates of overall response ranged from 79% to 97%, depending on genomic subgroup. That held true for relapsed/refractory CLL patients with del(17p), a significant negative prognostic factor for survival. In that group, the overall response rate was 79% and the duration of response was 31 months, representing “promising single-agent efficacy” in that group, investigators said.

Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie Company, provided funding for the study and writing support. The study was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and a private foundation. Dr. O’Brien reported ties to AbbVie, Janssen, and Pharmacyclics. Other investigators reported financial relationships with various pharmaceutical companies.

SOURCE: O’Brien S et al. Blood. 2018;131(17):1910-9.

Body

 

This report on the 5-year experience with single-agent ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a step forward in knowledge of the drug’s natural history, according to Jennifer R. Brown, MD, PhD.

“Ibrutinib data are starting to mature, but much opportunity for growth remains,” Dr. Brown said in an editorial.

One notable update in the report is that a median, progression-free survival has been reached in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. The reported 51-month median progression-free survival is “strikingly good” in this cohort of patients with high-risk disease, and compares favorably to older regimens in similar patient populations, she said.

Regarding previously untreated CLL patients, it is notable that 45% of this cohort discontinued treatment, many apparently after year 4, Dr. Brown said. The finding that median duration on therapy was just about 5.5 years in the cohort could be “potentially quite useful” in counseling patients, if confirmed in a larger cohort, she added.

Given the discontinuation data, one unanswered question is the durability of remission after stopping ibrutinib in a “deep but probably not complete remission” versus continuing therapy.

“Further follow-up of patients who discontinue without disease progression, as well as systematic investigation of time-limited therapy, including novel likely combination approaches, is clearly warranted,” Dr. Brown said in her editorial.
 

Dr. Jennifer R. Brown is with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. These comments are adapted an accompanying editorial ( Blood. 2018;131:1880-2 ). Dr. Brown reported ties to Janssen, Pharmacyclics, AstraZeneca, Sun, Redx, Sunesis, Loxo, Gilead, TG Therapeutics, Verastem, and AbbVie.

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Body

 

This report on the 5-year experience with single-agent ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a step forward in knowledge of the drug’s natural history, according to Jennifer R. Brown, MD, PhD.

“Ibrutinib data are starting to mature, but much opportunity for growth remains,” Dr. Brown said in an editorial.

One notable update in the report is that a median, progression-free survival has been reached in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. The reported 51-month median progression-free survival is “strikingly good” in this cohort of patients with high-risk disease, and compares favorably to older regimens in similar patient populations, she said.

Regarding previously untreated CLL patients, it is notable that 45% of this cohort discontinued treatment, many apparently after year 4, Dr. Brown said. The finding that median duration on therapy was just about 5.5 years in the cohort could be “potentially quite useful” in counseling patients, if confirmed in a larger cohort, she added.

Given the discontinuation data, one unanswered question is the durability of remission after stopping ibrutinib in a “deep but probably not complete remission” versus continuing therapy.

“Further follow-up of patients who discontinue without disease progression, as well as systematic investigation of time-limited therapy, including novel likely combination approaches, is clearly warranted,” Dr. Brown said in her editorial.
 

Dr. Jennifer R. Brown is with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. These comments are adapted an accompanying editorial ( Blood. 2018;131:1880-2 ). Dr. Brown reported ties to Janssen, Pharmacyclics, AstraZeneca, Sun, Redx, Sunesis, Loxo, Gilead, TG Therapeutics, Verastem, and AbbVie.

Body

 

This report on the 5-year experience with single-agent ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a step forward in knowledge of the drug’s natural history, according to Jennifer R. Brown, MD, PhD.

“Ibrutinib data are starting to mature, but much opportunity for growth remains,” Dr. Brown said in an editorial.

One notable update in the report is that a median, progression-free survival has been reached in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. The reported 51-month median progression-free survival is “strikingly good” in this cohort of patients with high-risk disease, and compares favorably to older regimens in similar patient populations, she said.

Regarding previously untreated CLL patients, it is notable that 45% of this cohort discontinued treatment, many apparently after year 4, Dr. Brown said. The finding that median duration on therapy was just about 5.5 years in the cohort could be “potentially quite useful” in counseling patients, if confirmed in a larger cohort, she added.

Given the discontinuation data, one unanswered question is the durability of remission after stopping ibrutinib in a “deep but probably not complete remission” versus continuing therapy.

“Further follow-up of patients who discontinue without disease progression, as well as systematic investigation of time-limited therapy, including novel likely combination approaches, is clearly warranted,” Dr. Brown said in her editorial.
 

Dr. Jennifer R. Brown is with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. These comments are adapted an accompanying editorial ( Blood. 2018;131:1880-2 ). Dr. Brown reported ties to Janssen, Pharmacyclics, AstraZeneca, Sun, Redx, Sunesis, Loxo, Gilead, TG Therapeutics, Verastem, and AbbVie.

Title
Mature ibrutinib data yield long-term insights
Mature ibrutinib data yield long-term insights

Single-agent ibrutinib has had sustained efficacy and a rate of complete response that has increased over time, according to a 5-year follow-up report including 132 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Efficacy has been maintained in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory CLL, despite the presence of high-risk genomic features in many patients, investigators reported in Blood.

Treatment has been well tolerated, and the occurrence of severe adverse events has diminished over time, according to Susan M. O’Brien, MD, of the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues.

“The safety profile of ibrutinib over time remains acceptable and manageable, allowing almost one-half of the patients (48%) to be treated for more than 4 years and thus maximize response,” the investigators wrote.

The report was based on 5-year follow-up of patients with CLL who had been enrolled in a phase 1b/2 study (PCYC-1102) and an extension study (PCYC-1103). A total of 132 patients were evaluated, including 101 with relapsed/refractory disease and 31 who were treatment naive.

The overall response rate remained high, at 89% in this 5-year follow-up. Complete response rates increased over time, reaching 29% in treatment-naive patients and 10% in relapsed/refractory patients. In a previous report on 3-year follow-up for these patients, investigators reported complete response rates of 23% in the previously untreated group and 7% in the relapsed/refractory group. The new findings demonstrate “deepening of responses” with continued ibrutinib therapy, Dr. O’Brien and her coauthors wrote.

The 5-year rate of progression-free survival was 44% for relapsed/refractory patients and 92% for treatment-naive patients in this study. Median progression-free survival was 51 months for the relapsed/refractory cohort. “[Progression-free survival] with single-agent ibrutinib in [treatment-naive] patients appears particularly favorable, because the median has not been reached,” investigators wrote.

 

 


Adverse events that limited treatment were more frequent during the first year of treatment than in subsequent years, data show, while new onset of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia decreased over time.

The overall response rate was high even in patients with high-risk genetic features. Rates of overall response ranged from 79% to 97%, depending on genomic subgroup. That held true for relapsed/refractory CLL patients with del(17p), a significant negative prognostic factor for survival. In that group, the overall response rate was 79% and the duration of response was 31 months, representing “promising single-agent efficacy” in that group, investigators said.

Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie Company, provided funding for the study and writing support. The study was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and a private foundation. Dr. O’Brien reported ties to AbbVie, Janssen, and Pharmacyclics. Other investigators reported financial relationships with various pharmaceutical companies.

SOURCE: O’Brien S et al. Blood. 2018;131(17):1910-9.

Single-agent ibrutinib has had sustained efficacy and a rate of complete response that has increased over time, according to a 5-year follow-up report including 132 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Efficacy has been maintained in both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory CLL, despite the presence of high-risk genomic features in many patients, investigators reported in Blood.

Treatment has been well tolerated, and the occurrence of severe adverse events has diminished over time, according to Susan M. O’Brien, MD, of the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues.

“The safety profile of ibrutinib over time remains acceptable and manageable, allowing almost one-half of the patients (48%) to be treated for more than 4 years and thus maximize response,” the investigators wrote.

The report was based on 5-year follow-up of patients with CLL who had been enrolled in a phase 1b/2 study (PCYC-1102) and an extension study (PCYC-1103). A total of 132 patients were evaluated, including 101 with relapsed/refractory disease and 31 who were treatment naive.

The overall response rate remained high, at 89% in this 5-year follow-up. Complete response rates increased over time, reaching 29% in treatment-naive patients and 10% in relapsed/refractory patients. In a previous report on 3-year follow-up for these patients, investigators reported complete response rates of 23% in the previously untreated group and 7% in the relapsed/refractory group. The new findings demonstrate “deepening of responses” with continued ibrutinib therapy, Dr. O’Brien and her coauthors wrote.

The 5-year rate of progression-free survival was 44% for relapsed/refractory patients and 92% for treatment-naive patients in this study. Median progression-free survival was 51 months for the relapsed/refractory cohort. “[Progression-free survival] with single-agent ibrutinib in [treatment-naive] patients appears particularly favorable, because the median has not been reached,” investigators wrote.

 

 


Adverse events that limited treatment were more frequent during the first year of treatment than in subsequent years, data show, while new onset of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia decreased over time.

The overall response rate was high even in patients with high-risk genetic features. Rates of overall response ranged from 79% to 97%, depending on genomic subgroup. That held true for relapsed/refractory CLL patients with del(17p), a significant negative prognostic factor for survival. In that group, the overall response rate was 79% and the duration of response was 31 months, representing “promising single-agent efficacy” in that group, investigators said.

Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie Company, provided funding for the study and writing support. The study was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and a private foundation. Dr. O’Brien reported ties to AbbVie, Janssen, and Pharmacyclics. Other investigators reported financial relationships with various pharmaceutical companies.

SOURCE: O’Brien S et al. Blood. 2018;131(17):1910-9.

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Key clinical point: Ibrutinib has sustained efficacy as a single agent, with increasing complete responses and no new safety signals.

Major finding: The 5-year rate of progression-free survival was 44% for relapsed/refractory patients and 92% for treatment-naive patients.

Study details: Report on 5-year follow-up of 132 patients with CLL enrolled in a phase 1b/2 study (PCYC-1102) and an extension study (PCYC-1103).

Disclosures: Pharmacyclics, an AbbVie Company, provided funding for the study and writing support. The study was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and a private foundation. The authors reported ties to Pharmacyclics and other companies.

Source: O’Brien S et al. Blood. 2018;131(17):1910-9.

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Interferon treatment does not increase stroke risk in MS

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– Patients with multiple sclerosis who are treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a have no increase in stroke risk, compared with those treated with placebo, according to pooled data from clinical trials and a safety database analysis.

Studies have shown that MS patients have a greater risk of stroke, compared with the general population, but the data with respect to the risk of stroke following interferon treatment are limited, Alan Gillett, PhD, explained in his presentation at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. He noted that a 2017 report on a series of nested case-control studies showed a 1.8-fold increased risk of stroke in relapsing-remitting MS patients who received interferon.

In the new analysis presented at the meeting, there was a trend toward decreased stroke incidence among patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a. Stroke incidence was 0.025 per 100 patient-years (25 events) in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a vs. 0.051 per 100 patient-years (11 events) in patients who received placebo across 17 phase 2-4 clinical trials. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and hazard ratio for stroke in interferon- vs. placebo-treated patients were 0.486 and 0.496, respectively, reported Dr. Gillett of EMD Serono, Mississauga, Ont.

Further, no significant difference in stroke incidence was seen between the treatment and placebo groups based on treatment duration, Dr. Gillett said. The IRR in patients treated for less than 2 years was 0.602 vs. 0.469 in those treated for 2 or more years.

“The incidence rate ratio [in both groups] was very comparable to that overall, so this indicates that treatment duration had little impact on the incidence rate of stroke,” he said.

The same was true in an analysis based on dose; the IRRs were similar in those exposed to 44 mcg vs. placebo, and in those receiving any dose vs. placebo, he noted.

The analysis is based on reports of 569 cerebrovascular events occurring over 19 years (2.7 per 10,000 patient-years) in 1,594,414 patient-years of follow-up through May 22, 2017, in the Global Patient Safety Database.

 

 


“And according to prescribing information ... this would be classified as rare, with less than 1 in 1,000,” Dr. Gillett said.

“So this led us to our objective to really assess the risk of stroke in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... and the association with treatment duration and dose,” he said. “What we can conclude from [our] study is that a trend toward decreased risk of stroke for subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, compared to placebo, was observed in 17 clinical trials ... and the safety data from both clinical trials and postmarketing [surveillance] suggests that treatment with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... does not increase the risk of stroke in patients with MS.”

This study was supported by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Gillett is an employee of EMD Serono, the biopharmaceutical division of Merck KGaA.

SOURCE: Sabidó M et al. Neurology. 2018 Apr 90(15 Suppl.):S36.008.

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– Patients with multiple sclerosis who are treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a have no increase in stroke risk, compared with those treated with placebo, according to pooled data from clinical trials and a safety database analysis.

Studies have shown that MS patients have a greater risk of stroke, compared with the general population, but the data with respect to the risk of stroke following interferon treatment are limited, Alan Gillett, PhD, explained in his presentation at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. He noted that a 2017 report on a series of nested case-control studies showed a 1.8-fold increased risk of stroke in relapsing-remitting MS patients who received interferon.

In the new analysis presented at the meeting, there was a trend toward decreased stroke incidence among patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a. Stroke incidence was 0.025 per 100 patient-years (25 events) in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a vs. 0.051 per 100 patient-years (11 events) in patients who received placebo across 17 phase 2-4 clinical trials. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and hazard ratio for stroke in interferon- vs. placebo-treated patients were 0.486 and 0.496, respectively, reported Dr. Gillett of EMD Serono, Mississauga, Ont.

Further, no significant difference in stroke incidence was seen between the treatment and placebo groups based on treatment duration, Dr. Gillett said. The IRR in patients treated for less than 2 years was 0.602 vs. 0.469 in those treated for 2 or more years.

“The incidence rate ratio [in both groups] was very comparable to that overall, so this indicates that treatment duration had little impact on the incidence rate of stroke,” he said.

The same was true in an analysis based on dose; the IRRs were similar in those exposed to 44 mcg vs. placebo, and in those receiving any dose vs. placebo, he noted.

The analysis is based on reports of 569 cerebrovascular events occurring over 19 years (2.7 per 10,000 patient-years) in 1,594,414 patient-years of follow-up through May 22, 2017, in the Global Patient Safety Database.

 

 


“And according to prescribing information ... this would be classified as rare, with less than 1 in 1,000,” Dr. Gillett said.

“So this led us to our objective to really assess the risk of stroke in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... and the association with treatment duration and dose,” he said. “What we can conclude from [our] study is that a trend toward decreased risk of stroke for subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, compared to placebo, was observed in 17 clinical trials ... and the safety data from both clinical trials and postmarketing [surveillance] suggests that treatment with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... does not increase the risk of stroke in patients with MS.”

This study was supported by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Gillett is an employee of EMD Serono, the biopharmaceutical division of Merck KGaA.

SOURCE: Sabidó M et al. Neurology. 2018 Apr 90(15 Suppl.):S36.008.

 

– Patients with multiple sclerosis who are treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a have no increase in stroke risk, compared with those treated with placebo, according to pooled data from clinical trials and a safety database analysis.

Studies have shown that MS patients have a greater risk of stroke, compared with the general population, but the data with respect to the risk of stroke following interferon treatment are limited, Alan Gillett, PhD, explained in his presentation at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. He noted that a 2017 report on a series of nested case-control studies showed a 1.8-fold increased risk of stroke in relapsing-remitting MS patients who received interferon.

In the new analysis presented at the meeting, there was a trend toward decreased stroke incidence among patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a. Stroke incidence was 0.025 per 100 patient-years (25 events) in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a vs. 0.051 per 100 patient-years (11 events) in patients who received placebo across 17 phase 2-4 clinical trials. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and hazard ratio for stroke in interferon- vs. placebo-treated patients were 0.486 and 0.496, respectively, reported Dr. Gillett of EMD Serono, Mississauga, Ont.

Further, no significant difference in stroke incidence was seen between the treatment and placebo groups based on treatment duration, Dr. Gillett said. The IRR in patients treated for less than 2 years was 0.602 vs. 0.469 in those treated for 2 or more years.

“The incidence rate ratio [in both groups] was very comparable to that overall, so this indicates that treatment duration had little impact on the incidence rate of stroke,” he said.

The same was true in an analysis based on dose; the IRRs were similar in those exposed to 44 mcg vs. placebo, and in those receiving any dose vs. placebo, he noted.

The analysis is based on reports of 569 cerebrovascular events occurring over 19 years (2.7 per 10,000 patient-years) in 1,594,414 patient-years of follow-up through May 22, 2017, in the Global Patient Safety Database.

 

 


“And according to prescribing information ... this would be classified as rare, with less than 1 in 1,000,” Dr. Gillett said.

“So this led us to our objective to really assess the risk of stroke in patients treated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... and the association with treatment duration and dose,” he said. “What we can conclude from [our] study is that a trend toward decreased risk of stroke for subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, compared to placebo, was observed in 17 clinical trials ... and the safety data from both clinical trials and postmarketing [surveillance] suggests that treatment with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a ... does not increase the risk of stroke in patients with MS.”

This study was supported by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Gillett is an employee of EMD Serono, the biopharmaceutical division of Merck KGaA.

SOURCE: Sabidó M et al. Neurology. 2018 Apr 90(15 Suppl.):S36.008.

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Key clinical point: Pooled data show no increase in stroke risk in MS patients treated with interferon.

Major finding: A trend toward decreased stroke incidence was seen with interferon treatment vs. placebo (IRR, 0.486).

Study details: A review of pooled data from 17 clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance.

Disclosures: This study was supported by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Dr. Gillett is an employee of EMD Serono, the biopharmaceutical division of Merck KGaA.

Source: Sabidó M et al. Neurology. 2018 Apr:90(15 Suppl.):S36.008.

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U.S. public largely ignores firearm access and suicide completion link

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– The evidence linking firearm access and suicide completion is largely ignored in current U.S. discussions on guns, Michael D. Anestis, PhD, said at the annual conference of the American Association of Suicidology.

“Only a tiny fraction of media discussions on gun deaths involve suicide. We must make a concerted and sustained effort to change this conversation,” said Dr. Anestis, a clinical psychologist at the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg. When the relationship between firearms and suicide is discussed, it often is as a “footnote” and includes a lot of inaccurate information.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News
Dr. Michael D. Anestis
“We should relentlessly promote the indisputable fact that firearm access dramatically increases the risk of death by suicide. Safe storage [of firearms] should be promoted within the context of this fact,” said Dr. Anestis, who recently published a book, Guns and Suicide: An American Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), on the links between the two. But he maintained that misinformation hides this relationship. “Many firearm owners do not believe firearms are related to suicide.”

Dr. Anestis reviewed results from a survey he and his associates ran in 2017 that documented these inaccurate beliefs regarding firearms and suicide. The researchers had 300 American adults who owned at least one firearm complete a questionnaire on their practices for firearm storage and their beliefs on the connections between firearm storage and suicide risk. The results showed a clear link between unsafe firearm storage and reduced belief of a link between firearm access and suicide risk (J Affect Disord. 2018 Feb;227:530-5). They also showed that fearlessness about death moderated the relationship: People with a higher level of fearlessness showed a tighter link between storage practices and beliefs about suicide risk.

During the conference, Dr. Anestis and his associates reported additional, as-yet unpublished findings that further detailed risks for suicide among gun owners. A survey of 100 adults from the Hattiesburg area showed that greater experience firing a gun linked with “factors thought to facilitate the transition from suicidal desire to suicidal behavior. We need to consider an individual’s experience and comfort with firearms, not just ownership and storage,” Dr. Anestis said.

Results from questionnaires given to 253 U.S. soldiers showed a link between accumulated combat experiences and an increased acquired capability for suicide. But additional research from his group showed that another route to acquiring “capability” for suicide, such as fearlessness of death, can occur through exposure to violent video games.

Dr. Anestis had no disclosures.

;
 

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– The evidence linking firearm access and suicide completion is largely ignored in current U.S. discussions on guns, Michael D. Anestis, PhD, said at the annual conference of the American Association of Suicidology.

“Only a tiny fraction of media discussions on gun deaths involve suicide. We must make a concerted and sustained effort to change this conversation,” said Dr. Anestis, a clinical psychologist at the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg. When the relationship between firearms and suicide is discussed, it often is as a “footnote” and includes a lot of inaccurate information.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News
Dr. Michael D. Anestis
“We should relentlessly promote the indisputable fact that firearm access dramatically increases the risk of death by suicide. Safe storage [of firearms] should be promoted within the context of this fact,” said Dr. Anestis, who recently published a book, Guns and Suicide: An American Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), on the links between the two. But he maintained that misinformation hides this relationship. “Many firearm owners do not believe firearms are related to suicide.”

Dr. Anestis reviewed results from a survey he and his associates ran in 2017 that documented these inaccurate beliefs regarding firearms and suicide. The researchers had 300 American adults who owned at least one firearm complete a questionnaire on their practices for firearm storage and their beliefs on the connections between firearm storage and suicide risk. The results showed a clear link between unsafe firearm storage and reduced belief of a link between firearm access and suicide risk (J Affect Disord. 2018 Feb;227:530-5). They also showed that fearlessness about death moderated the relationship: People with a higher level of fearlessness showed a tighter link between storage practices and beliefs about suicide risk.

During the conference, Dr. Anestis and his associates reported additional, as-yet unpublished findings that further detailed risks for suicide among gun owners. A survey of 100 adults from the Hattiesburg area showed that greater experience firing a gun linked with “factors thought to facilitate the transition from suicidal desire to suicidal behavior. We need to consider an individual’s experience and comfort with firearms, not just ownership and storage,” Dr. Anestis said.

Results from questionnaires given to 253 U.S. soldiers showed a link between accumulated combat experiences and an increased acquired capability for suicide. But additional research from his group showed that another route to acquiring “capability” for suicide, such as fearlessness of death, can occur through exposure to violent video games.

Dr. Anestis had no disclosures.

;
 

 

– The evidence linking firearm access and suicide completion is largely ignored in current U.S. discussions on guns, Michael D. Anestis, PhD, said at the annual conference of the American Association of Suicidology.

“Only a tiny fraction of media discussions on gun deaths involve suicide. We must make a concerted and sustained effort to change this conversation,” said Dr. Anestis, a clinical psychologist at the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg. When the relationship between firearms and suicide is discussed, it often is as a “footnote” and includes a lot of inaccurate information.

Mitchel L. Zoler/MDedge News
Dr. Michael D. Anestis
“We should relentlessly promote the indisputable fact that firearm access dramatically increases the risk of death by suicide. Safe storage [of firearms] should be promoted within the context of this fact,” said Dr. Anestis, who recently published a book, Guns and Suicide: An American Epidemic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), on the links between the two. But he maintained that misinformation hides this relationship. “Many firearm owners do not believe firearms are related to suicide.”

Dr. Anestis reviewed results from a survey he and his associates ran in 2017 that documented these inaccurate beliefs regarding firearms and suicide. The researchers had 300 American adults who owned at least one firearm complete a questionnaire on their practices for firearm storage and their beliefs on the connections between firearm storage and suicide risk. The results showed a clear link between unsafe firearm storage and reduced belief of a link between firearm access and suicide risk (J Affect Disord. 2018 Feb;227:530-5). They also showed that fearlessness about death moderated the relationship: People with a higher level of fearlessness showed a tighter link between storage practices and beliefs about suicide risk.

During the conference, Dr. Anestis and his associates reported additional, as-yet unpublished findings that further detailed risks for suicide among gun owners. A survey of 100 adults from the Hattiesburg area showed that greater experience firing a gun linked with “factors thought to facilitate the transition from suicidal desire to suicidal behavior. We need to consider an individual’s experience and comfort with firearms, not just ownership and storage,” Dr. Anestis said.

Results from questionnaires given to 253 U.S. soldiers showed a link between accumulated combat experiences and an increased acquired capability for suicide. But additional research from his group showed that another route to acquiring “capability” for suicide, such as fearlessness of death, can occur through exposure to violent video games.

Dr. Anestis had no disclosures.

;
 

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‘You are what kind of doctor?’

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Remembering hospital medicine’s early years

 

Editor’s note: The Hospitalist is pleased to introduce a new recurring column: “The Legacies of Hospital Medicine.” This will be a recurring feature submitted by some of the best and brightest hospitalists in the field who have helped shape our specialty into what it is today. It will be a series of articles that will reflect on hospital medicine and it’s evolution over time from a variety of unique and innovative perspectives. We hope you enjoy this series, and we welcome any feedback as it evolves!

Hearkening back to my early time as a hospital-based physician, I recall the pleasure of waking every day and feeling like I belonged to an exclusive club. I felt passion for my work, along with a tiny cohort of similarly situated docs. We lacked a kinship with other medical organizations, however. We had no union of our own and were invisible upstarts.

Dr. Bradley Flansbaum
While some folks might have perceived our splintering from the mainstream as a liability, back then, we wore it like a badge of honor. No home office. No funds. No central hub to tap into when a notice needed dispatching. We were setting the world ablaze. Or so it was our delusion.

And the question always came: “Tell me again ... you are what kind of doctor?”

The response changed every week. Ditto for my job responsibilities and charges. The memories are wonderful, though, and I have great affection for the early years.

Initially, I recall networking and attending national meetings – SGIM and ACP in particular – spreading the faith and talking up our bona fides. In addition to the registration fees, there came an earful of guff from irate physicians about the new breed of doctors, yet unnamed, who were destroying medicine. Likewise, I recall opinion columns from newspapers and peer-reviewed journals from a spate of “simple country docs.” The writing had a pretense of politeness but with a hint of disdain, predicting nothing less than the destruction of health care as we knew it. And to be standing next to them in conversation: “How dare you hospital docs exhale CO2!” We might as well have had “KICK ME” signs on our backs.

Inpatient medicine was upending the status quo – or so we believed – while also overturning a generations’ worth of dogma on how hospitals should do their business. Fate also played a role, and we could not have anticipated the arrival of health care consolidation, “To Err Is Human,” managed care, and payment reform – all of which upset practice conditions that had been in existence for decades. We walked a line between old and new, down a path whose purpose we felt but toward a destination we could not entirely envision.
 

 


That transformed with time.

Like most hospitalists, my ticket in began after some sleuthing and calls to Win Whitcomb, MD, and John Nelson, MD – still trusted friends today. They will make their marks in future columns, but as I am the inaugural contributor, let me be the first to state they both had a sixth sense steering our group of disciples. They became the obvious chiefs, along with Bob Wachter, MD, and took the lead in articulating what we aspired to be. Sounds saccharine now, but it did not then.

This is an image of the earliest incarnation of The Hospitalist. The NAIP, or National Association of Inpatient Physicians, was the precursor to SHM.
Without support, we arranged summits, assembled work groups, passed the hat for loose change, fashioned a newsletter (see accompanying photo), and formed a countrywide network. Our efforts predated the Internet by several years, so it was mail, faxes, pagers, and answering machines only. The hours we would have spared ourselves if we had Doodle, Web Connect, and Skype.

But lucky for us, hospital medicine took off. Our wise choices laid the groundwork for what is now a discipline in repose. “Hospitalist” no longer sounds like a neologism, and the term entered Merriam-Webster to seal our fate.
 

 


Twenty years out, hospital medicine still feels like a figurative case of Moore’s law. I cannot keep up with the strange faces at annual meetings and membership size, the throng of published articles (I used to pride myself on knowing all the hospitalist studies – no longer), and the lengthy list of initiatives and Society of Hospital Medicine resources on hand.

Without question, SHM has been the most rewarding part of my professional life. Hospital medicine mates sustain and keep me in good stead and have done so since training. Their insights teach me more than journals or any day on the job could impart and have given me a learning windfall for the cost of a song.

I initiated my hospitalist path as a 20-something tenderfoot, but from my interactions with colleagues both liberal and conservative, urban and rural, corporate and academic, and specialist and generalist, I developed into a seasoned craftsman.

Countless times I strode into an SHM activity thinking one way, and through the intellect and conviction of my peers, I got smart. Working in the same setting for most of my career, unchallenged, I could have assimilated a sclerotic worldview, but my hospital medicine colleagues would have none of that – kudos and thanks to them for it.

 

 


I could cite endless anecdotes – and they are swirling as I write. Crucial positions discussed and adopted, roads taken and those not, specialties angered and appeased, wonderful meals had, and on and on. They are and were the building blocks of a journey – and a joyful one.

As truly notable memories go, however, for me, there is only one.

By far, watching and absorbing the lessons of how an organization develops – goes from zero to sixty – has been a master class in enterprise and execution.

A PGY4 sees a president, CEO, board, ad hoc committees, staff, big budgets, and capital outlays make things happen and assumes it just is. But an operational charter with an instruction manual in-tow didn’t just drop from on high; that’s not how things go down. The right personnel selections, value choices (“SHM is a big tent” was not an accident), affiliate alliances, assessment of risks, and strategies pursued occurred for a reason; keen minds had the vision to set the board right.

 

 


The privilege of participating in the SHM project has been an education no grant or scholarship could equal. To say I had a tiny role in all of that is just reward.

Through SHM I have made lifelong friends, advanced my perspective and development as a healer, acquired a nifty board certification (one of 1,400 with a Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine), gained a mastership, and yes, met President Obama.

As odysseys go, how many docs can make such lofty claims?

Dr. Flansbaum works for Geisinger Health System in Danville, Pa., in both the divisions of hospital medicine and population health. He began working as a hospitalist in 1996 and is a founding member of the Society of Hospital Medicine.

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Remembering hospital medicine’s early years
Remembering hospital medicine’s early years

 

Editor’s note: The Hospitalist is pleased to introduce a new recurring column: “The Legacies of Hospital Medicine.” This will be a recurring feature submitted by some of the best and brightest hospitalists in the field who have helped shape our specialty into what it is today. It will be a series of articles that will reflect on hospital medicine and it’s evolution over time from a variety of unique and innovative perspectives. We hope you enjoy this series, and we welcome any feedback as it evolves!

Hearkening back to my early time as a hospital-based physician, I recall the pleasure of waking every day and feeling like I belonged to an exclusive club. I felt passion for my work, along with a tiny cohort of similarly situated docs. We lacked a kinship with other medical organizations, however. We had no union of our own and were invisible upstarts.

Dr. Bradley Flansbaum
While some folks might have perceived our splintering from the mainstream as a liability, back then, we wore it like a badge of honor. No home office. No funds. No central hub to tap into when a notice needed dispatching. We were setting the world ablaze. Or so it was our delusion.

And the question always came: “Tell me again ... you are what kind of doctor?”

The response changed every week. Ditto for my job responsibilities and charges. The memories are wonderful, though, and I have great affection for the early years.

Initially, I recall networking and attending national meetings – SGIM and ACP in particular – spreading the faith and talking up our bona fides. In addition to the registration fees, there came an earful of guff from irate physicians about the new breed of doctors, yet unnamed, who were destroying medicine. Likewise, I recall opinion columns from newspapers and peer-reviewed journals from a spate of “simple country docs.” The writing had a pretense of politeness but with a hint of disdain, predicting nothing less than the destruction of health care as we knew it. And to be standing next to them in conversation: “How dare you hospital docs exhale CO2!” We might as well have had “KICK ME” signs on our backs.

Inpatient medicine was upending the status quo – or so we believed – while also overturning a generations’ worth of dogma on how hospitals should do their business. Fate also played a role, and we could not have anticipated the arrival of health care consolidation, “To Err Is Human,” managed care, and payment reform – all of which upset practice conditions that had been in existence for decades. We walked a line between old and new, down a path whose purpose we felt but toward a destination we could not entirely envision.
 

 


That transformed with time.

Like most hospitalists, my ticket in began after some sleuthing and calls to Win Whitcomb, MD, and John Nelson, MD – still trusted friends today. They will make their marks in future columns, but as I am the inaugural contributor, let me be the first to state they both had a sixth sense steering our group of disciples. They became the obvious chiefs, along with Bob Wachter, MD, and took the lead in articulating what we aspired to be. Sounds saccharine now, but it did not then.

This is an image of the earliest incarnation of The Hospitalist. The NAIP, or National Association of Inpatient Physicians, was the precursor to SHM.
Without support, we arranged summits, assembled work groups, passed the hat for loose change, fashioned a newsletter (see accompanying photo), and formed a countrywide network. Our efforts predated the Internet by several years, so it was mail, faxes, pagers, and answering machines only. The hours we would have spared ourselves if we had Doodle, Web Connect, and Skype.

But lucky for us, hospital medicine took off. Our wise choices laid the groundwork for what is now a discipline in repose. “Hospitalist” no longer sounds like a neologism, and the term entered Merriam-Webster to seal our fate.
 

 


Twenty years out, hospital medicine still feels like a figurative case of Moore’s law. I cannot keep up with the strange faces at annual meetings and membership size, the throng of published articles (I used to pride myself on knowing all the hospitalist studies – no longer), and the lengthy list of initiatives and Society of Hospital Medicine resources on hand.

Without question, SHM has been the most rewarding part of my professional life. Hospital medicine mates sustain and keep me in good stead and have done so since training. Their insights teach me more than journals or any day on the job could impart and have given me a learning windfall for the cost of a song.

I initiated my hospitalist path as a 20-something tenderfoot, but from my interactions with colleagues both liberal and conservative, urban and rural, corporate and academic, and specialist and generalist, I developed into a seasoned craftsman.

Countless times I strode into an SHM activity thinking one way, and through the intellect and conviction of my peers, I got smart. Working in the same setting for most of my career, unchallenged, I could have assimilated a sclerotic worldview, but my hospital medicine colleagues would have none of that – kudos and thanks to them for it.

 

 


I could cite endless anecdotes – and they are swirling as I write. Crucial positions discussed and adopted, roads taken and those not, specialties angered and appeased, wonderful meals had, and on and on. They are and were the building blocks of a journey – and a joyful one.

As truly notable memories go, however, for me, there is only one.

By far, watching and absorbing the lessons of how an organization develops – goes from zero to sixty – has been a master class in enterprise and execution.

A PGY4 sees a president, CEO, board, ad hoc committees, staff, big budgets, and capital outlays make things happen and assumes it just is. But an operational charter with an instruction manual in-tow didn’t just drop from on high; that’s not how things go down. The right personnel selections, value choices (“SHM is a big tent” was not an accident), affiliate alliances, assessment of risks, and strategies pursued occurred for a reason; keen minds had the vision to set the board right.

 

 


The privilege of participating in the SHM project has been an education no grant or scholarship could equal. To say I had a tiny role in all of that is just reward.

Through SHM I have made lifelong friends, advanced my perspective and development as a healer, acquired a nifty board certification (one of 1,400 with a Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine), gained a mastership, and yes, met President Obama.

As odysseys go, how many docs can make such lofty claims?

Dr. Flansbaum works for Geisinger Health System in Danville, Pa., in both the divisions of hospital medicine and population health. He began working as a hospitalist in 1996 and is a founding member of the Society of Hospital Medicine.

 

Editor’s note: The Hospitalist is pleased to introduce a new recurring column: “The Legacies of Hospital Medicine.” This will be a recurring feature submitted by some of the best and brightest hospitalists in the field who have helped shape our specialty into what it is today. It will be a series of articles that will reflect on hospital medicine and it’s evolution over time from a variety of unique and innovative perspectives. We hope you enjoy this series, and we welcome any feedback as it evolves!

Hearkening back to my early time as a hospital-based physician, I recall the pleasure of waking every day and feeling like I belonged to an exclusive club. I felt passion for my work, along with a tiny cohort of similarly situated docs. We lacked a kinship with other medical organizations, however. We had no union of our own and were invisible upstarts.

Dr. Bradley Flansbaum
While some folks might have perceived our splintering from the mainstream as a liability, back then, we wore it like a badge of honor. No home office. No funds. No central hub to tap into when a notice needed dispatching. We were setting the world ablaze. Or so it was our delusion.

And the question always came: “Tell me again ... you are what kind of doctor?”

The response changed every week. Ditto for my job responsibilities and charges. The memories are wonderful, though, and I have great affection for the early years.

Initially, I recall networking and attending national meetings – SGIM and ACP in particular – spreading the faith and talking up our bona fides. In addition to the registration fees, there came an earful of guff from irate physicians about the new breed of doctors, yet unnamed, who were destroying medicine. Likewise, I recall opinion columns from newspapers and peer-reviewed journals from a spate of “simple country docs.” The writing had a pretense of politeness but with a hint of disdain, predicting nothing less than the destruction of health care as we knew it. And to be standing next to them in conversation: “How dare you hospital docs exhale CO2!” We might as well have had “KICK ME” signs on our backs.

Inpatient medicine was upending the status quo – or so we believed – while also overturning a generations’ worth of dogma on how hospitals should do their business. Fate also played a role, and we could not have anticipated the arrival of health care consolidation, “To Err Is Human,” managed care, and payment reform – all of which upset practice conditions that had been in existence for decades. We walked a line between old and new, down a path whose purpose we felt but toward a destination we could not entirely envision.
 

 


That transformed with time.

Like most hospitalists, my ticket in began after some sleuthing and calls to Win Whitcomb, MD, and John Nelson, MD – still trusted friends today. They will make their marks in future columns, but as I am the inaugural contributor, let me be the first to state they both had a sixth sense steering our group of disciples. They became the obvious chiefs, along with Bob Wachter, MD, and took the lead in articulating what we aspired to be. Sounds saccharine now, but it did not then.

This is an image of the earliest incarnation of The Hospitalist. The NAIP, or National Association of Inpatient Physicians, was the precursor to SHM.
Without support, we arranged summits, assembled work groups, passed the hat for loose change, fashioned a newsletter (see accompanying photo), and formed a countrywide network. Our efforts predated the Internet by several years, so it was mail, faxes, pagers, and answering machines only. The hours we would have spared ourselves if we had Doodle, Web Connect, and Skype.

But lucky for us, hospital medicine took off. Our wise choices laid the groundwork for what is now a discipline in repose. “Hospitalist” no longer sounds like a neologism, and the term entered Merriam-Webster to seal our fate.
 

 


Twenty years out, hospital medicine still feels like a figurative case of Moore’s law. I cannot keep up with the strange faces at annual meetings and membership size, the throng of published articles (I used to pride myself on knowing all the hospitalist studies – no longer), and the lengthy list of initiatives and Society of Hospital Medicine resources on hand.

Without question, SHM has been the most rewarding part of my professional life. Hospital medicine mates sustain and keep me in good stead and have done so since training. Their insights teach me more than journals or any day on the job could impart and have given me a learning windfall for the cost of a song.

I initiated my hospitalist path as a 20-something tenderfoot, but from my interactions with colleagues both liberal and conservative, urban and rural, corporate and academic, and specialist and generalist, I developed into a seasoned craftsman.

Countless times I strode into an SHM activity thinking one way, and through the intellect and conviction of my peers, I got smart. Working in the same setting for most of my career, unchallenged, I could have assimilated a sclerotic worldview, but my hospital medicine colleagues would have none of that – kudos and thanks to them for it.

 

 


I could cite endless anecdotes – and they are swirling as I write. Crucial positions discussed and adopted, roads taken and those not, specialties angered and appeased, wonderful meals had, and on and on. They are and were the building blocks of a journey – and a joyful one.

As truly notable memories go, however, for me, there is only one.

By far, watching and absorbing the lessons of how an organization develops – goes from zero to sixty – has been a master class in enterprise and execution.

A PGY4 sees a president, CEO, board, ad hoc committees, staff, big budgets, and capital outlays make things happen and assumes it just is. But an operational charter with an instruction manual in-tow didn’t just drop from on high; that’s not how things go down. The right personnel selections, value choices (“SHM is a big tent” was not an accident), affiliate alliances, assessment of risks, and strategies pursued occurred for a reason; keen minds had the vision to set the board right.

 

 


The privilege of participating in the SHM project has been an education no grant or scholarship could equal. To say I had a tiny role in all of that is just reward.

Through SHM I have made lifelong friends, advanced my perspective and development as a healer, acquired a nifty board certification (one of 1,400 with a Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine), gained a mastership, and yes, met President Obama.

As odysseys go, how many docs can make such lofty claims?

Dr. Flansbaum works for Geisinger Health System in Danville, Pa., in both the divisions of hospital medicine and population health. He began working as a hospitalist in 1996 and is a founding member of the Society of Hospital Medicine.

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San Antonio hotels for CHEST 2018

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Are you ready for CHEST Annual Meeting 2018? Get ready with exclusive hotel deals for your trip to San Antonio from onPeak, the official hotel provider for CHEST 2018. Through onPeak, we are able to bring you the lowest rates, best hotels, and great amenities for your trip all along the beautiful San Antonio River Walk. onPeak also provides flexible booking policies, great group tools, and a full team of wonderful customer service agents to ensure you have a smooth booking process.

Marriott Rivercenter – HQ Hotel

The San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter, a magnificent 38-story hotel, is just steps away from premier shopping, dining, and entertainment destinations. Guests will enjoy supreme comfort conveniently located near many hot attractions, including Six Flags Fiesta Texas and the San Antonio Zoo. The Alamo, one of the nation’s most storied and revered landmarks, is within easy walking distance from the hotel.

Grand Hyatt San Antonio

Discover the distinctly diverse personality of the Alamo City in grand style. Also along the spectacular River Walk, Grand Hyatt San Antonio is steps from trendy downtown bars, Zagat-rated restaurants, and all the sites and attractions that make San Antonio one of the most culturally rich cities in the country.

Hilton Palacio Del Rio

Located in beautiful downtown San Antonio, the Hilton Palacio del Rio hotel is surrounded by Texas culture and attractions, including the Alamo, just two blocks away. The Hilton Palacio del Rio offers superior service, extensive guest amenities, and is the only hotel in downtown San Antonio that features a private balcony in every room. Tex’s Riverwalk Sports Bar & Grill, Durty Nelley’s Irish Pub, Ibiza Riverwalk Patio Restaurant & Bar, and the Rincon Allegre Lobby Bar await to satisfy individual tastes.

Hotel Contessa

Step into the marble lobby accented with glass sconces and towering palm trees and you’ll know you’ve made the right choice on where to stay. The ambiance of this 265 all-suite property with heated rooftop pool, full-service spa, gourmet restaurant, and modern meeting space is unmatched by any other downtown hotel. Our dedicated service team is devoted to making any stay – leisure or business – a memorable experience. The Hotel Contessa extends to her guests a relaxing respite in an urban setting coupled with all the amenities of a large resort.

Hyatt Regency San Antonio

Experience the heart of the River Walk at Hyatt Regency San Antonio. This is the only hotel on the River Walk directly overlooking the historic Alamo, connecting two of San Antonio’s top destinations through the 16-story atrium lobby. This four-diamond hotel includes contemporary guest rooms, a rooftop pool, Stay-Fit gym, and a relaxing spa. The experienced staff adds a genuine touch to world-class amenities.

Marriott Riverwalk

The San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk hotel charmingly captures the vibrant culture and style of this romantic city, welcoming you and ensuring an enchanting stay. This hotel is located in the heart of downtown San Antonio, offering sweeping balcony views of the fabulous River Walk district. The 30-story hotel invites guests into a contemporary lobby with Texas flair: chili-red walls, dark-wood trim, and wrought-iron accents. Explore the history, culture, and culinary delights along the River Walk.

 

 

Westin Riverwalk Hotel

The Westin Riverwalk Hotel boasts 473 rooms and luxury suites with Texan hospitality and warm residential style. This riverfront hotel is the perfect location to relax and recharge. Expect a warm welcome when you visit the best of San Antonio River Walk hotels. Enjoy delicious dark chocolates imported from Venezuela when you check in and amenities such as The Westin Heavenly Bed® and Heavenly Bath® products that will leave you feeling refreshed and rejuvenated. The hotel rooms also include sparkling city or river views and elegant, oversized marble bathrooms with pampering bath amenities.

Don’t forget to book your hotel before they sell out! View the official hotel block at http://onpeak.com/CHEST-2018.

Note that onPeak is the only official hotel provider associated with our event. While other hotel resellers may contact you offering accommodations for your trip, they are not endorsed by or affiliated with the meeting. Beware that entering into financial agreements with unendorsed companies can have costly consequences.
 

Hotel information provided by onPeak.

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Are you ready for CHEST Annual Meeting 2018? Get ready with exclusive hotel deals for your trip to San Antonio from onPeak, the official hotel provider for CHEST 2018. Through onPeak, we are able to bring you the lowest rates, best hotels, and great amenities for your trip all along the beautiful San Antonio River Walk. onPeak also provides flexible booking policies, great group tools, and a full team of wonderful customer service agents to ensure you have a smooth booking process.

Marriott Rivercenter – HQ Hotel

The San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter, a magnificent 38-story hotel, is just steps away from premier shopping, dining, and entertainment destinations. Guests will enjoy supreme comfort conveniently located near many hot attractions, including Six Flags Fiesta Texas and the San Antonio Zoo. The Alamo, one of the nation’s most storied and revered landmarks, is within easy walking distance from the hotel.

Grand Hyatt San Antonio

Discover the distinctly diverse personality of the Alamo City in grand style. Also along the spectacular River Walk, Grand Hyatt San Antonio is steps from trendy downtown bars, Zagat-rated restaurants, and all the sites and attractions that make San Antonio one of the most culturally rich cities in the country.

Hilton Palacio Del Rio

Located in beautiful downtown San Antonio, the Hilton Palacio del Rio hotel is surrounded by Texas culture and attractions, including the Alamo, just two blocks away. The Hilton Palacio del Rio offers superior service, extensive guest amenities, and is the only hotel in downtown San Antonio that features a private balcony in every room. Tex’s Riverwalk Sports Bar & Grill, Durty Nelley’s Irish Pub, Ibiza Riverwalk Patio Restaurant & Bar, and the Rincon Allegre Lobby Bar await to satisfy individual tastes.

Hotel Contessa

Step into the marble lobby accented with glass sconces and towering palm trees and you’ll know you’ve made the right choice on where to stay. The ambiance of this 265 all-suite property with heated rooftop pool, full-service spa, gourmet restaurant, and modern meeting space is unmatched by any other downtown hotel. Our dedicated service team is devoted to making any stay – leisure or business – a memorable experience. The Hotel Contessa extends to her guests a relaxing respite in an urban setting coupled with all the amenities of a large resort.

Hyatt Regency San Antonio

Experience the heart of the River Walk at Hyatt Regency San Antonio. This is the only hotel on the River Walk directly overlooking the historic Alamo, connecting two of San Antonio’s top destinations through the 16-story atrium lobby. This four-diamond hotel includes contemporary guest rooms, a rooftop pool, Stay-Fit gym, and a relaxing spa. The experienced staff adds a genuine touch to world-class amenities.

Marriott Riverwalk

The San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk hotel charmingly captures the vibrant culture and style of this romantic city, welcoming you and ensuring an enchanting stay. This hotel is located in the heart of downtown San Antonio, offering sweeping balcony views of the fabulous River Walk district. The 30-story hotel invites guests into a contemporary lobby with Texas flair: chili-red walls, dark-wood trim, and wrought-iron accents. Explore the history, culture, and culinary delights along the River Walk.

 

 

Westin Riverwalk Hotel

The Westin Riverwalk Hotel boasts 473 rooms and luxury suites with Texan hospitality and warm residential style. This riverfront hotel is the perfect location to relax and recharge. Expect a warm welcome when you visit the best of San Antonio River Walk hotels. Enjoy delicious dark chocolates imported from Venezuela when you check in and amenities such as The Westin Heavenly Bed® and Heavenly Bath® products that will leave you feeling refreshed and rejuvenated. The hotel rooms also include sparkling city or river views and elegant, oversized marble bathrooms with pampering bath amenities.

Don’t forget to book your hotel before they sell out! View the official hotel block at http://onpeak.com/CHEST-2018.

Note that onPeak is the only official hotel provider associated with our event. While other hotel resellers may contact you offering accommodations for your trip, they are not endorsed by or affiliated with the meeting. Beware that entering into financial agreements with unendorsed companies can have costly consequences.
 

Hotel information provided by onPeak.

 

Are you ready for CHEST Annual Meeting 2018? Get ready with exclusive hotel deals for your trip to San Antonio from onPeak, the official hotel provider for CHEST 2018. Through onPeak, we are able to bring you the lowest rates, best hotels, and great amenities for your trip all along the beautiful San Antonio River Walk. onPeak also provides flexible booking policies, great group tools, and a full team of wonderful customer service agents to ensure you have a smooth booking process.

Marriott Rivercenter – HQ Hotel

The San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter, a magnificent 38-story hotel, is just steps away from premier shopping, dining, and entertainment destinations. Guests will enjoy supreme comfort conveniently located near many hot attractions, including Six Flags Fiesta Texas and the San Antonio Zoo. The Alamo, one of the nation’s most storied and revered landmarks, is within easy walking distance from the hotel.

Grand Hyatt San Antonio

Discover the distinctly diverse personality of the Alamo City in grand style. Also along the spectacular River Walk, Grand Hyatt San Antonio is steps from trendy downtown bars, Zagat-rated restaurants, and all the sites and attractions that make San Antonio one of the most culturally rich cities in the country.

Hilton Palacio Del Rio

Located in beautiful downtown San Antonio, the Hilton Palacio del Rio hotel is surrounded by Texas culture and attractions, including the Alamo, just two blocks away. The Hilton Palacio del Rio offers superior service, extensive guest amenities, and is the only hotel in downtown San Antonio that features a private balcony in every room. Tex’s Riverwalk Sports Bar & Grill, Durty Nelley’s Irish Pub, Ibiza Riverwalk Patio Restaurant & Bar, and the Rincon Allegre Lobby Bar await to satisfy individual tastes.

Hotel Contessa

Step into the marble lobby accented with glass sconces and towering palm trees and you’ll know you’ve made the right choice on where to stay. The ambiance of this 265 all-suite property with heated rooftop pool, full-service spa, gourmet restaurant, and modern meeting space is unmatched by any other downtown hotel. Our dedicated service team is devoted to making any stay – leisure or business – a memorable experience. The Hotel Contessa extends to her guests a relaxing respite in an urban setting coupled with all the amenities of a large resort.

Hyatt Regency San Antonio

Experience the heart of the River Walk at Hyatt Regency San Antonio. This is the only hotel on the River Walk directly overlooking the historic Alamo, connecting two of San Antonio’s top destinations through the 16-story atrium lobby. This four-diamond hotel includes contemporary guest rooms, a rooftop pool, Stay-Fit gym, and a relaxing spa. The experienced staff adds a genuine touch to world-class amenities.

Marriott Riverwalk

The San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk hotel charmingly captures the vibrant culture and style of this romantic city, welcoming you and ensuring an enchanting stay. This hotel is located in the heart of downtown San Antonio, offering sweeping balcony views of the fabulous River Walk district. The 30-story hotel invites guests into a contemporary lobby with Texas flair: chili-red walls, dark-wood trim, and wrought-iron accents. Explore the history, culture, and culinary delights along the River Walk.

 

 

Westin Riverwalk Hotel

The Westin Riverwalk Hotel boasts 473 rooms and luxury suites with Texan hospitality and warm residential style. This riverfront hotel is the perfect location to relax and recharge. Expect a warm welcome when you visit the best of San Antonio River Walk hotels. Enjoy delicious dark chocolates imported from Venezuela when you check in and amenities such as The Westin Heavenly Bed® and Heavenly Bath® products that will leave you feeling refreshed and rejuvenated. The hotel rooms also include sparkling city or river views and elegant, oversized marble bathrooms with pampering bath amenities.

Don’t forget to book your hotel before they sell out! View the official hotel block at http://onpeak.com/CHEST-2018.

Note that onPeak is the only official hotel provider associated with our event. While other hotel resellers may contact you offering accommodations for your trip, they are not endorsed by or affiliated with the meeting. Beware that entering into financial agreements with unendorsed companies can have costly consequences.
 

Hotel information provided by onPeak.

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Breast cancer: More pathogenic variants detected as multiple-gene sequencing takes over

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The introduction of multiple-gene sequencing led to a substantial increase in detection of pathogenic variants in a study of women with breast cancer treated in community practice, results of one retrospective study show.

Multiple-gene sequencing rapidly replaced BRCA1/2 only testing over a 2-year period in the study, driven in part by technological advances and regulatory changes that made comprehensive low-cost genetic testing more accessible, investigators wrote. The report was published in JAMA Oncology.

That quick uptake increased detection of genetic variants that could change care, with no associated increase in prophylactic mastectomy over that same time period, said Allison W. Kurian, MD, of Stanford (Calif.) University, and her coinvestigators.

“The greater yield of clinically relevant information with multiple-gene sequencing offers a major potential advantage over more limited BRCA1/2-only tests,” noted Dr. Kurian and her colleagues.

Their analysis included 5,026 women with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2015 and enrolled in the Individualized Cancer Care (iCan Care) study. That study started enrolling 1 month before a U.S. Supreme Court decision on gene patents, which led to lower costs for multiple-gene sequencing tests for breast cancer risk, Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators said.

Overall, about one-quarter of women in the study had genetic testing, and that did not change over time. What did change over time was the number of women undergoing multiple-gene testing: In 2013, only 25.6% underwent multiple-gene sequencing, versus 74.4% for BRCA1/2-only testing; by 2015, those figures flipped to 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively.

Multiple-gene sequencing increased detection of pathogenic variants in women at average pretest risk (4.2% versus 2.2% for BRCA1/2-only testing), according to the reported data. Detection was increased in women at high pretest risk due to young age, triple-negative breast cancer, or other factors (12% versus 7.8%).

 

 


Prophylactic mastectomy was most strongly associated with detection of pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants, according to Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators. More women with those variants strongly considered the procedure and had it recommended by their surgeons, and ultimately, significantly more underwent the procedure (79.0% versus 37.6% for other pathogenic variants; P less than .001).

While those mastectomy outcomes were reassuring, Dr. Kurian and her colleagues said, their research uncovered two “important limitations” to multiple-gene sequencing that should be addressed.

They found that testing was done post surgically in 32.5% of women who had multiple-gene sequencing, compared with 19.9% of women who had BRCA1/2-only testing. Postsurgical testing is “too late” and limits its use to make decisions about surgical prevention of second cancers, they said.

They also found racial disparities in detection of variants of unknown significance (VUS). In particular, VUS were detected in 23.7% of white patients, compared with 44.5% of black patients and 50.9% of Asian patients. That’s because most of the genes were first sequenced in white patients, the investigators noted.
 

 


In previous experience with BRCA1/2 testing, extensive VUS reclassification occurred after broader testing within the population over 2 decades.

“It is a crucial priority to resolve persistent racial/ethnic disparities in genetic information, particularly as increasingly comprehensive sequencing tests enter clinical practice,” the investigators wrote.

Dr. Kurian reported that Stanford University received research funding from Myriad Genetics for an unrelated project. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

SOURCE: Kurian AW et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018 May 10. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0644.

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The introduction of multiple-gene sequencing led to a substantial increase in detection of pathogenic variants in a study of women with breast cancer treated in community practice, results of one retrospective study show.

Multiple-gene sequencing rapidly replaced BRCA1/2 only testing over a 2-year period in the study, driven in part by technological advances and regulatory changes that made comprehensive low-cost genetic testing more accessible, investigators wrote. The report was published in JAMA Oncology.

That quick uptake increased detection of genetic variants that could change care, with no associated increase in prophylactic mastectomy over that same time period, said Allison W. Kurian, MD, of Stanford (Calif.) University, and her coinvestigators.

“The greater yield of clinically relevant information with multiple-gene sequencing offers a major potential advantage over more limited BRCA1/2-only tests,” noted Dr. Kurian and her colleagues.

Their analysis included 5,026 women with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2015 and enrolled in the Individualized Cancer Care (iCan Care) study. That study started enrolling 1 month before a U.S. Supreme Court decision on gene patents, which led to lower costs for multiple-gene sequencing tests for breast cancer risk, Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators said.

Overall, about one-quarter of women in the study had genetic testing, and that did not change over time. What did change over time was the number of women undergoing multiple-gene testing: In 2013, only 25.6% underwent multiple-gene sequencing, versus 74.4% for BRCA1/2-only testing; by 2015, those figures flipped to 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively.

Multiple-gene sequencing increased detection of pathogenic variants in women at average pretest risk (4.2% versus 2.2% for BRCA1/2-only testing), according to the reported data. Detection was increased in women at high pretest risk due to young age, triple-negative breast cancer, or other factors (12% versus 7.8%).

 

 


Prophylactic mastectomy was most strongly associated with detection of pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants, according to Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators. More women with those variants strongly considered the procedure and had it recommended by their surgeons, and ultimately, significantly more underwent the procedure (79.0% versus 37.6% for other pathogenic variants; P less than .001).

While those mastectomy outcomes were reassuring, Dr. Kurian and her colleagues said, their research uncovered two “important limitations” to multiple-gene sequencing that should be addressed.

They found that testing was done post surgically in 32.5% of women who had multiple-gene sequencing, compared with 19.9% of women who had BRCA1/2-only testing. Postsurgical testing is “too late” and limits its use to make decisions about surgical prevention of second cancers, they said.

They also found racial disparities in detection of variants of unknown significance (VUS). In particular, VUS were detected in 23.7% of white patients, compared with 44.5% of black patients and 50.9% of Asian patients. That’s because most of the genes were first sequenced in white patients, the investigators noted.
 

 


In previous experience with BRCA1/2 testing, extensive VUS reclassification occurred after broader testing within the population over 2 decades.

“It is a crucial priority to resolve persistent racial/ethnic disparities in genetic information, particularly as increasingly comprehensive sequencing tests enter clinical practice,” the investigators wrote.

Dr. Kurian reported that Stanford University received research funding from Myriad Genetics for an unrelated project. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

SOURCE: Kurian AW et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018 May 10. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0644.

 

The introduction of multiple-gene sequencing led to a substantial increase in detection of pathogenic variants in a study of women with breast cancer treated in community practice, results of one retrospective study show.

Multiple-gene sequencing rapidly replaced BRCA1/2 only testing over a 2-year period in the study, driven in part by technological advances and regulatory changes that made comprehensive low-cost genetic testing more accessible, investigators wrote. The report was published in JAMA Oncology.

That quick uptake increased detection of genetic variants that could change care, with no associated increase in prophylactic mastectomy over that same time period, said Allison W. Kurian, MD, of Stanford (Calif.) University, and her coinvestigators.

“The greater yield of clinically relevant information with multiple-gene sequencing offers a major potential advantage over more limited BRCA1/2-only tests,” noted Dr. Kurian and her colleagues.

Their analysis included 5,026 women with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2015 and enrolled in the Individualized Cancer Care (iCan Care) study. That study started enrolling 1 month before a U.S. Supreme Court decision on gene patents, which led to lower costs for multiple-gene sequencing tests for breast cancer risk, Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators said.

Overall, about one-quarter of women in the study had genetic testing, and that did not change over time. What did change over time was the number of women undergoing multiple-gene testing: In 2013, only 25.6% underwent multiple-gene sequencing, versus 74.4% for BRCA1/2-only testing; by 2015, those figures flipped to 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively.

Multiple-gene sequencing increased detection of pathogenic variants in women at average pretest risk (4.2% versus 2.2% for BRCA1/2-only testing), according to the reported data. Detection was increased in women at high pretest risk due to young age, triple-negative breast cancer, or other factors (12% versus 7.8%).

 

 


Prophylactic mastectomy was most strongly associated with detection of pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants, according to Dr. Kurian and her coinvestigators. More women with those variants strongly considered the procedure and had it recommended by their surgeons, and ultimately, significantly more underwent the procedure (79.0% versus 37.6% for other pathogenic variants; P less than .001).

While those mastectomy outcomes were reassuring, Dr. Kurian and her colleagues said, their research uncovered two “important limitations” to multiple-gene sequencing that should be addressed.

They found that testing was done post surgically in 32.5% of women who had multiple-gene sequencing, compared with 19.9% of women who had BRCA1/2-only testing. Postsurgical testing is “too late” and limits its use to make decisions about surgical prevention of second cancers, they said.

They also found racial disparities in detection of variants of unknown significance (VUS). In particular, VUS were detected in 23.7% of white patients, compared with 44.5% of black patients and 50.9% of Asian patients. That’s because most of the genes were first sequenced in white patients, the investigators noted.
 

 


In previous experience with BRCA1/2 testing, extensive VUS reclassification occurred after broader testing within the population over 2 decades.

“It is a crucial priority to resolve persistent racial/ethnic disparities in genetic information, particularly as increasingly comprehensive sequencing tests enter clinical practice,” the investigators wrote.

Dr. Kurian reported that Stanford University received research funding from Myriad Genetics for an unrelated project. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

SOURCE: Kurian AW et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018 May 10. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0644.

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Key clinical point: For breast cancer patients in community practice, multiple-gene sequencing has rapidly replaced BRCA1/2-only testing, increasing detection of pathogenic variants with no associated increase in prophylactic mastectomy.

Major finding: The rate of pathogenic variant detection was substantially increased with multiple-gene sequencing versus BRCA1/2 only testing for higher-risk patients (12% versus 7.8%) and average risk patients (4.2% versus 2.2%).

Study details: A population-based retrospective cohort study of 5,026 patients with breast cancer diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2015.

Disclosures: Stanford University received research funding from Myriad Genetics for an unrelated project. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

Source: Kurian AW et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018 May 10. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0644.

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Universal depression screening for adolescents not without controversy

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When 14-year-old Ryan saw his pediatrician for his annual physical this past August, he was asked a few quick questions about whether he was having any problems, if he was feeling depressed or anxious, and if there was anything he wanted to discuss. Ryan said no to each question, then the doctor examined him, reminded him to get a flu shot, and signed off on the forms he needed to play team sports in high school. The doctor assured Ryan’s mother that he was healthy, and the visit was over. Next August, Ryan’s exam will likely include a more detailed look at his mental health.

In February 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines on screening for depression in adolescents in primary care settings. The guidelines address the problem of undiagnosed and untreated psychiatric illness in children over the age of 10 years, the shortage of available mental health professionals, and techniques primary care physicians might use to address psychiatric needs in adolescents. The AAP guidelines include a new recommendation for universal screening with an assessment tool: “Adolescent patients ages 12 years and older should be screened annually for depression [MDD or depressive disorders] with a formal self-report screening tool either on paper or electronically.”

KatarzynaBialasiewicz/Thinkstock
Howard Liu, MD, is a child and adolescent psychiatrist and the interim chair of psychiatry at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and director of the Behavioral Health Education Center of Nebraska. “I applaud the AAP for recommending universal depression screening for teenagers, as there has been a rising incidence of teen suicide, especially among female adolescents,” he said. “However, when teens screen positive, we must invest in the child mental health infrastructure to support pediatricians. This includes therapists integrated into primary care practices and prescribers with the capacity to take new patients or practice collaborative care.”

Dr. Liu noted that some of his patients drive 4-5 hours each way to see him in Omaha, then spend the night before making the return trip. “There is a dire shortage of pediatric mental health services in every state. This shifts the responsibility for care to pediatricians, teachers, and parents who often lack the resources to keep kids safe and well. It’s an unconscionable gap in care.”

Dr. Howard Liu
Timothy F. Doran, MD, is chair of pediatrics at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Towson, Md., and a past president of the Maryland Chapter of the AAP. “I absolutely think every teenager should be assessed for depression,” he said. With his own patients, he asks open-ended questions about their mental health, then more specific questions about mood, depression, anxiety, sleep, appetite, and libido. If the teen indicates there are problems, he then uses a PHQ-9 to get a sense of whether the depression is mild, moderate, or severe. Dr. Doran estimates that he diagnoses depression in 5%-10% of the adolescents he screens. Baltimore is a metropolitan area with two psychiatry training programs, and Dr. Doran has developed relationships with mental health professionals who will see his patients. If he prescribes an antidepressant, most of those patients will also see a psychotherapist. He notes that it can be more difficult to find resources for children with Medicaid who do not have the resources of some of the families he treats.

Dr. Doran’s practice has not yet implemented the use of a written screening tool for all adolescents. He anticipates doing this soon because of the new guidelines, but he was not enthusiastic about the prospect. “I think I’m catching the kids with depression, and having every child fill out a questionnaire will be an added burden. We are already loaded down with administrative tasks and screening requirements.” Of note, in Dr. Doran’s 35 years in clinical practice, no child under his care has died of suicide.

Dr. Allen Frances
Allen Frances, MD, offers a different take on the new guidelines. Dr. Frances was the chairman of the DSM-IV task force and is the author of “Saving Normal: An Insider’s Revolt Against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life” (New York: HarperCollins, 2014). Dr. Frances has used his Twitter feed to express his objections to the new guidelines for universal depression screening for teenagers. “Universal mental health screening of children sounds virtuous but is a big mistake. Massive overdiagnosis results in 1) Too much ineffective/unsafe #medication; 2) Needless #stigma; 3) Wasting precious resources. Instead, provide easy access to treatment for kids who really need it.” He goes on to tweet about unintended consequences of universal screening, including the concern that screening may identify teens with normal transient sadness or substance-induced mood changes as being clinically depressed. In Twitter lingo, Dr. Frances continues: “‘Early-warning signs of mental illness in kids are often false alarms leading to unneeded #medication/#stigma. Also, we don’t provide adequate psych care for kids who desperately need it. It makes no sense to create new fake patients when we are neglecting the real ones we already have.”
 

 


Dr. Dinah Miller
It will be interesting to see what happens when Ryan goes for a physical next year. Will the pediatrician devote time to a screening form to document psychiatric symptoms? Will that divert time and attention away from concerns that might be more important to Ryan or his parents? Will he be handed an iPad in the waiting room or emailed a link to a portal before the session so that he can fill out the form on his own? If so, will the doctor remember to check the assessment tool and address mental health concerns that Ryan identifies? It may well prove to be a mixed bag, but let’s hope that universal screening tools open the door for more young people to have their mental health concerns addressed in comprehensive and appropriate ways.

Dr. Miller is the coauthor of “Committed: The Battle Over Involuntary Psychiatric Care,” (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016).
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When 14-year-old Ryan saw his pediatrician for his annual physical this past August, he was asked a few quick questions about whether he was having any problems, if he was feeling depressed or anxious, and if there was anything he wanted to discuss. Ryan said no to each question, then the doctor examined him, reminded him to get a flu shot, and signed off on the forms he needed to play team sports in high school. The doctor assured Ryan’s mother that he was healthy, and the visit was over. Next August, Ryan’s exam will likely include a more detailed look at his mental health.

In February 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines on screening for depression in adolescents in primary care settings. The guidelines address the problem of undiagnosed and untreated psychiatric illness in children over the age of 10 years, the shortage of available mental health professionals, and techniques primary care physicians might use to address psychiatric needs in adolescents. The AAP guidelines include a new recommendation for universal screening with an assessment tool: “Adolescent patients ages 12 years and older should be screened annually for depression [MDD or depressive disorders] with a formal self-report screening tool either on paper or electronically.”

KatarzynaBialasiewicz/Thinkstock
Howard Liu, MD, is a child and adolescent psychiatrist and the interim chair of psychiatry at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and director of the Behavioral Health Education Center of Nebraska. “I applaud the AAP for recommending universal depression screening for teenagers, as there has been a rising incidence of teen suicide, especially among female adolescents,” he said. “However, when teens screen positive, we must invest in the child mental health infrastructure to support pediatricians. This includes therapists integrated into primary care practices and prescribers with the capacity to take new patients or practice collaborative care.”

Dr. Liu noted that some of his patients drive 4-5 hours each way to see him in Omaha, then spend the night before making the return trip. “There is a dire shortage of pediatric mental health services in every state. This shifts the responsibility for care to pediatricians, teachers, and parents who often lack the resources to keep kids safe and well. It’s an unconscionable gap in care.”

Dr. Howard Liu
Timothy F. Doran, MD, is chair of pediatrics at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Towson, Md., and a past president of the Maryland Chapter of the AAP. “I absolutely think every teenager should be assessed for depression,” he said. With his own patients, he asks open-ended questions about their mental health, then more specific questions about mood, depression, anxiety, sleep, appetite, and libido. If the teen indicates there are problems, he then uses a PHQ-9 to get a sense of whether the depression is mild, moderate, or severe. Dr. Doran estimates that he diagnoses depression in 5%-10% of the adolescents he screens. Baltimore is a metropolitan area with two psychiatry training programs, and Dr. Doran has developed relationships with mental health professionals who will see his patients. If he prescribes an antidepressant, most of those patients will also see a psychotherapist. He notes that it can be more difficult to find resources for children with Medicaid who do not have the resources of some of the families he treats.

Dr. Doran’s practice has not yet implemented the use of a written screening tool for all adolescents. He anticipates doing this soon because of the new guidelines, but he was not enthusiastic about the prospect. “I think I’m catching the kids with depression, and having every child fill out a questionnaire will be an added burden. We are already loaded down with administrative tasks and screening requirements.” Of note, in Dr. Doran’s 35 years in clinical practice, no child under his care has died of suicide.

Dr. Allen Frances
Allen Frances, MD, offers a different take on the new guidelines. Dr. Frances was the chairman of the DSM-IV task force and is the author of “Saving Normal: An Insider’s Revolt Against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life” (New York: HarperCollins, 2014). Dr. Frances has used his Twitter feed to express his objections to the new guidelines for universal depression screening for teenagers. “Universal mental health screening of children sounds virtuous but is a big mistake. Massive overdiagnosis results in 1) Too much ineffective/unsafe #medication; 2) Needless #stigma; 3) Wasting precious resources. Instead, provide easy access to treatment for kids who really need it.” He goes on to tweet about unintended consequences of universal screening, including the concern that screening may identify teens with normal transient sadness or substance-induced mood changes as being clinically depressed. In Twitter lingo, Dr. Frances continues: “‘Early-warning signs of mental illness in kids are often false alarms leading to unneeded #medication/#stigma. Also, we don’t provide adequate psych care for kids who desperately need it. It makes no sense to create new fake patients when we are neglecting the real ones we already have.”
 

 


Dr. Dinah Miller
It will be interesting to see what happens when Ryan goes for a physical next year. Will the pediatrician devote time to a screening form to document psychiatric symptoms? Will that divert time and attention away from concerns that might be more important to Ryan or his parents? Will he be handed an iPad in the waiting room or emailed a link to a portal before the session so that he can fill out the form on his own? If so, will the doctor remember to check the assessment tool and address mental health concerns that Ryan identifies? It may well prove to be a mixed bag, but let’s hope that universal screening tools open the door for more young people to have their mental health concerns addressed in comprehensive and appropriate ways.

Dr. Miller is the coauthor of “Committed: The Battle Over Involuntary Psychiatric Care,” (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016).

 

When 14-year-old Ryan saw his pediatrician for his annual physical this past August, he was asked a few quick questions about whether he was having any problems, if he was feeling depressed or anxious, and if there was anything he wanted to discuss. Ryan said no to each question, then the doctor examined him, reminded him to get a flu shot, and signed off on the forms he needed to play team sports in high school. The doctor assured Ryan’s mother that he was healthy, and the visit was over. Next August, Ryan’s exam will likely include a more detailed look at his mental health.

In February 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines on screening for depression in adolescents in primary care settings. The guidelines address the problem of undiagnosed and untreated psychiatric illness in children over the age of 10 years, the shortage of available mental health professionals, and techniques primary care physicians might use to address psychiatric needs in adolescents. The AAP guidelines include a new recommendation for universal screening with an assessment tool: “Adolescent patients ages 12 years and older should be screened annually for depression [MDD or depressive disorders] with a formal self-report screening tool either on paper or electronically.”

KatarzynaBialasiewicz/Thinkstock
Howard Liu, MD, is a child and adolescent psychiatrist and the interim chair of psychiatry at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, and director of the Behavioral Health Education Center of Nebraska. “I applaud the AAP for recommending universal depression screening for teenagers, as there has been a rising incidence of teen suicide, especially among female adolescents,” he said. “However, when teens screen positive, we must invest in the child mental health infrastructure to support pediatricians. This includes therapists integrated into primary care practices and prescribers with the capacity to take new patients or practice collaborative care.”

Dr. Liu noted that some of his patients drive 4-5 hours each way to see him in Omaha, then spend the night before making the return trip. “There is a dire shortage of pediatric mental health services in every state. This shifts the responsibility for care to pediatricians, teachers, and parents who often lack the resources to keep kids safe and well. It’s an unconscionable gap in care.”

Dr. Howard Liu
Timothy F. Doran, MD, is chair of pediatrics at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Towson, Md., and a past president of the Maryland Chapter of the AAP. “I absolutely think every teenager should be assessed for depression,” he said. With his own patients, he asks open-ended questions about their mental health, then more specific questions about mood, depression, anxiety, sleep, appetite, and libido. If the teen indicates there are problems, he then uses a PHQ-9 to get a sense of whether the depression is mild, moderate, or severe. Dr. Doran estimates that he diagnoses depression in 5%-10% of the adolescents he screens. Baltimore is a metropolitan area with two psychiatry training programs, and Dr. Doran has developed relationships with mental health professionals who will see his patients. If he prescribes an antidepressant, most of those patients will also see a psychotherapist. He notes that it can be more difficult to find resources for children with Medicaid who do not have the resources of some of the families he treats.

Dr. Doran’s practice has not yet implemented the use of a written screening tool for all adolescents. He anticipates doing this soon because of the new guidelines, but he was not enthusiastic about the prospect. “I think I’m catching the kids with depression, and having every child fill out a questionnaire will be an added burden. We are already loaded down with administrative tasks and screening requirements.” Of note, in Dr. Doran’s 35 years in clinical practice, no child under his care has died of suicide.

Dr. Allen Frances
Allen Frances, MD, offers a different take on the new guidelines. Dr. Frances was the chairman of the DSM-IV task force and is the author of “Saving Normal: An Insider’s Revolt Against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life” (New York: HarperCollins, 2014). Dr. Frances has used his Twitter feed to express his objections to the new guidelines for universal depression screening for teenagers. “Universal mental health screening of children sounds virtuous but is a big mistake. Massive overdiagnosis results in 1) Too much ineffective/unsafe #medication; 2) Needless #stigma; 3) Wasting precious resources. Instead, provide easy access to treatment for kids who really need it.” He goes on to tweet about unintended consequences of universal screening, including the concern that screening may identify teens with normal transient sadness or substance-induced mood changes as being clinically depressed. In Twitter lingo, Dr. Frances continues: “‘Early-warning signs of mental illness in kids are often false alarms leading to unneeded #medication/#stigma. Also, we don’t provide adequate psych care for kids who desperately need it. It makes no sense to create new fake patients when we are neglecting the real ones we already have.”
 

 


Dr. Dinah Miller
It will be interesting to see what happens when Ryan goes for a physical next year. Will the pediatrician devote time to a screening form to document psychiatric symptoms? Will that divert time and attention away from concerns that might be more important to Ryan or his parents? Will he be handed an iPad in the waiting room or emailed a link to a portal before the session so that he can fill out the form on his own? If so, will the doctor remember to check the assessment tool and address mental health concerns that Ryan identifies? It may well prove to be a mixed bag, but let’s hope that universal screening tools open the door for more young people to have their mental health concerns addressed in comprehensive and appropriate ways.

Dr. Miller is the coauthor of “Committed: The Battle Over Involuntary Psychiatric Care,” (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016).
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Impacting careers, impacting patient care

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Thank you for all you do to champion lung health. Your donation supports projects, such as grant funding, which are boosting patient outcomes, improving community health, and advancing the research that continues to enhance the journey for those facing pulmonary illnesses. Each year, your generosity funds more than $550,000 in clinical research and community service grants, allowing CHEST members to develop and implement their ideas through securing preliminary data support, distinguishing themselves among their colleagues, and advancing chest medicine toward medical breakthroughs.

One such story of the advancements being made in communities around the world begins in New York City.

Kids in urban settings are disproportionately affected by asthma. Although we know that being active is good for respiratory health, in an urban setting, children may be breathing in more pollutants. In inner city neighborhoods playgrounds are often next to major highways or industrial areas. These recreational areas may be increasing the risk of developing pulmonary diseases. This is a prime example of why researchers like Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir are working to find a solution to champion lunch health.

Dr. Lovinsky-Desir is a pediatric pulmonologist based at Columbia University and the recipient of the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award in 2014 for her project on Urban Tree Canopy Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Allergies in Pediatric Asthma. The grant helped launch her into the research that she is most passionate about – asthma and health disparities in urban populations.

As Stephanie can attest, junior faculty often struggle to find funding for their research, especially when focusing on disparities, diversity, and socioeconomic factors that affect public health. “A lot of people can’t take the risk to pursue higher-risk careers like research, because they don’t have seed funding that allows them to dive into bigger awards or research grants.”

She made it her mission to find funding at the beginning of her research, so she could establish her reputation as a researcher and continue to receive further funding. Her plan began to fall into place when she applied for, and won, the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award. Dr. Lovinsky believes the CHEST Foundation grant is what launched her research. “Much of my success in getting grant funding is because I was awarded grants in the past! Once you start getting them and conducting research that produces meaningful results, you keep getting more, and it really starts to snowball. The CHEST Foundation award was the first award I as a Principal Investigator —my idea, my metrics. I feel so proud to have accomplished this.”

The findings she concluded from her CHEST diversity grant research allowed her to modify her study and receive the following awards: an award through her institution, the National Institute of Health KL2 award, and multiple awards including an NIH K01, a children’s scholar award, and the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award. Stephanie is excited for her future research after recently receiving a very competitive score from her NIHK. She believes the CHEST Foundation award jump started her research career, and these other successes have resulted from it. “It’s more than a research project. We are building a research program.” Her current research involves exploring epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, in pediatric and adult allergic asthmatics, as well as understanding the effects of environmental pollutants on asthma, activity, and obesity.

 

 


Though Dr. Lovinsky’s career as a researcher grew from the foundation grant, she says, “The benefit of this award specifically was the gateway to the CHEST Foundation and all of the other opportunities within CHEST.” She is actively involved in the Diversity and Inclusion Task Force and brings many ideas to the table for the future of the CHEST Foundation. “I am committed to being involved with CHEST because of how much the organization has impacted my career. I enjoy giving back by participating in the task force.” Her clinical research and involvement in CHEST demonstrates the direct impact your generous support has on physicians, patients, and lung health.

Thank you for making important research like this possible. Your generosity is the catalyst for change in a world where lung diseases are ranking as one of the top causes of death for men and women everywhere. You’re improving patient outcomes every day, and we thank you from the bottom of our hearts.

Your continued support will make it possible for the next generation of researchers to launch their careers. You can be a Champion for Lung Health and DONATE today through a new gift to the CHEST Foundation. We can meet our goals for the health professionals, patients, and caregivers we serve with your much appreciated and essential support.

To donate:

 

 

Web: chestfoundation.org/donate

Phone:224/521-9527

Again, thank you for all you do to improve patient outcomes. You are the lung health champions that patients and families count on to positively impact lung health.


Lisa K. Moores, MD, FCCP

President & Trustee

Mike E. Nelson, MD, FCCP

Immediate Past President & Trustee

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Thank you for all you do to champion lung health. Your donation supports projects, such as grant funding, which are boosting patient outcomes, improving community health, and advancing the research that continues to enhance the journey for those facing pulmonary illnesses. Each year, your generosity funds more than $550,000 in clinical research and community service grants, allowing CHEST members to develop and implement their ideas through securing preliminary data support, distinguishing themselves among their colleagues, and advancing chest medicine toward medical breakthroughs.

One such story of the advancements being made in communities around the world begins in New York City.

Kids in urban settings are disproportionately affected by asthma. Although we know that being active is good for respiratory health, in an urban setting, children may be breathing in more pollutants. In inner city neighborhoods playgrounds are often next to major highways or industrial areas. These recreational areas may be increasing the risk of developing pulmonary diseases. This is a prime example of why researchers like Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir are working to find a solution to champion lunch health.

Dr. Lovinsky-Desir is a pediatric pulmonologist based at Columbia University and the recipient of the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award in 2014 for her project on Urban Tree Canopy Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Allergies in Pediatric Asthma. The grant helped launch her into the research that she is most passionate about – asthma and health disparities in urban populations.

As Stephanie can attest, junior faculty often struggle to find funding for their research, especially when focusing on disparities, diversity, and socioeconomic factors that affect public health. “A lot of people can’t take the risk to pursue higher-risk careers like research, because they don’t have seed funding that allows them to dive into bigger awards or research grants.”

She made it her mission to find funding at the beginning of her research, so she could establish her reputation as a researcher and continue to receive further funding. Her plan began to fall into place when she applied for, and won, the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award. Dr. Lovinsky believes the CHEST Foundation grant is what launched her research. “Much of my success in getting grant funding is because I was awarded grants in the past! Once you start getting them and conducting research that produces meaningful results, you keep getting more, and it really starts to snowball. The CHEST Foundation award was the first award I as a Principal Investigator —my idea, my metrics. I feel so proud to have accomplished this.”

The findings she concluded from her CHEST diversity grant research allowed her to modify her study and receive the following awards: an award through her institution, the National Institute of Health KL2 award, and multiple awards including an NIH K01, a children’s scholar award, and the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award. Stephanie is excited for her future research after recently receiving a very competitive score from her NIHK. She believes the CHEST Foundation award jump started her research career, and these other successes have resulted from it. “It’s more than a research project. We are building a research program.” Her current research involves exploring epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, in pediatric and adult allergic asthmatics, as well as understanding the effects of environmental pollutants on asthma, activity, and obesity.

 

 


Though Dr. Lovinsky’s career as a researcher grew from the foundation grant, she says, “The benefit of this award specifically was the gateway to the CHEST Foundation and all of the other opportunities within CHEST.” She is actively involved in the Diversity and Inclusion Task Force and brings many ideas to the table for the future of the CHEST Foundation. “I am committed to being involved with CHEST because of how much the organization has impacted my career. I enjoy giving back by participating in the task force.” Her clinical research and involvement in CHEST demonstrates the direct impact your generous support has on physicians, patients, and lung health.

Thank you for making important research like this possible. Your generosity is the catalyst for change in a world where lung diseases are ranking as one of the top causes of death for men and women everywhere. You’re improving patient outcomes every day, and we thank you from the bottom of our hearts.

Your continued support will make it possible for the next generation of researchers to launch their careers. You can be a Champion for Lung Health and DONATE today through a new gift to the CHEST Foundation. We can meet our goals for the health professionals, patients, and caregivers we serve with your much appreciated and essential support.

To donate:

 

 

Web: chestfoundation.org/donate

Phone:224/521-9527

Again, thank you for all you do to improve patient outcomes. You are the lung health champions that patients and families count on to positively impact lung health.


Lisa K. Moores, MD, FCCP

President & Trustee

Mike E. Nelson, MD, FCCP

Immediate Past President & Trustee

 

Thank you for all you do to champion lung health. Your donation supports projects, such as grant funding, which are boosting patient outcomes, improving community health, and advancing the research that continues to enhance the journey for those facing pulmonary illnesses. Each year, your generosity funds more than $550,000 in clinical research and community service grants, allowing CHEST members to develop and implement their ideas through securing preliminary data support, distinguishing themselves among their colleagues, and advancing chest medicine toward medical breakthroughs.

One such story of the advancements being made in communities around the world begins in New York City.

Kids in urban settings are disproportionately affected by asthma. Although we know that being active is good for respiratory health, in an urban setting, children may be breathing in more pollutants. In inner city neighborhoods playgrounds are often next to major highways or industrial areas. These recreational areas may be increasing the risk of developing pulmonary diseases. This is a prime example of why researchers like Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir are working to find a solution to champion lunch health.

Dr. Lovinsky-Desir is a pediatric pulmonologist based at Columbia University and the recipient of the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award in 2014 for her project on Urban Tree Canopy Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Allergies in Pediatric Asthma. The grant helped launch her into the research that she is most passionate about – asthma and health disparities in urban populations.

As Stephanie can attest, junior faculty often struggle to find funding for their research, especially when focusing on disparities, diversity, and socioeconomic factors that affect public health. “A lot of people can’t take the risk to pursue higher-risk careers like research, because they don’t have seed funding that allows them to dive into bigger awards or research grants.”

She made it her mission to find funding at the beginning of her research, so she could establish her reputation as a researcher and continue to receive further funding. Her plan began to fall into place when she applied for, and won, the CHEST Diversity and Young Investigator Award. Dr. Lovinsky believes the CHEST Foundation grant is what launched her research. “Much of my success in getting grant funding is because I was awarded grants in the past! Once you start getting them and conducting research that produces meaningful results, you keep getting more, and it really starts to snowball. The CHEST Foundation award was the first award I as a Principal Investigator —my idea, my metrics. I feel so proud to have accomplished this.”

The findings she concluded from her CHEST diversity grant research allowed her to modify her study and receive the following awards: an award through her institution, the National Institute of Health KL2 award, and multiple awards including an NIH K01, a children’s scholar award, and the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award. Stephanie is excited for her future research after recently receiving a very competitive score from her NIHK. She believes the CHEST Foundation award jump started her research career, and these other successes have resulted from it. “It’s more than a research project. We are building a research program.” Her current research involves exploring epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, in pediatric and adult allergic asthmatics, as well as understanding the effects of environmental pollutants on asthma, activity, and obesity.

 

 


Though Dr. Lovinsky’s career as a researcher grew from the foundation grant, she says, “The benefit of this award specifically was the gateway to the CHEST Foundation and all of the other opportunities within CHEST.” She is actively involved in the Diversity and Inclusion Task Force and brings many ideas to the table for the future of the CHEST Foundation. “I am committed to being involved with CHEST because of how much the organization has impacted my career. I enjoy giving back by participating in the task force.” Her clinical research and involvement in CHEST demonstrates the direct impact your generous support has on physicians, patients, and lung health.

Thank you for making important research like this possible. Your generosity is the catalyst for change in a world where lung diseases are ranking as one of the top causes of death for men and women everywhere. You’re improving patient outcomes every day, and we thank you from the bottom of our hearts.

Your continued support will make it possible for the next generation of researchers to launch their careers. You can be a Champion for Lung Health and DONATE today through a new gift to the CHEST Foundation. We can meet our goals for the health professionals, patients, and caregivers we serve with your much appreciated and essential support.

To donate:

 

 

Web: chestfoundation.org/donate

Phone:224/521-9527

Again, thank you for all you do to improve patient outcomes. You are the lung health champions that patients and families count on to positively impact lung health.


Lisa K. Moores, MD, FCCP

President & Trustee

Mike E. Nelson, MD, FCCP

Immediate Past President & Trustee

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AACN releases expert consensus statement on teleICU nursing practice

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To remain at the forefront of expanding evidence-based practices in all aspects of critical care, facilities must include teleICUs.

In 2013, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) first defined standards for the emerging telenursing practice in the ICU and has recently published an update, AACN TeleICU Nursing Practice: An Expert Consensus Statement Supporting High Acuity, Progressive and Critical Care.1

The new consensus statement, which creates a framework for implementing, evaluating, and improving teleICU nursing practice, addresses the new findings in this fast-growing area of health care. It also establishes a model for achieving excellence and optimal patient care outcomes through the following:

• Shared knowledge and goals

• Mutual respect

• Skilled communication

• True collaboration

• Authentic leadership

• Optimized technology

• Practice excellence

A 12-person task force, including teleICU nurse leaders, contributed to the statement and brought a fresh perspective to this area of practice.


Task force co-chair Pat Herr, clinical integration director of eCARE ICU at Avera Health, says it was important to harness the energy and lessons learned from experienced teleICU leaders.

“TeleICUs continue to evolve to meet the needs of patients and health systems,” Herr adds. “New technology options and new partnership models are available, and nurse leaders play an important part in using these tools to improve patient care.”

The earliest teleICU design concepts employed a physician-only model of care, but it quickly became clear that critical-care nursing was a necessary component. Today, the most effective teleICU models implement collaborative care that includes physicians, nurses, information technology, and administrative support personnel.Opportunities in teleICU are one way to retain knowledgeable nurses, who can bridge clinical expertise gaps and provide an additional layer of skilled critical care. TeleICU care ensures delivery of both optimal patient outcomes and timely knowledge to support physicians, nurses, and the entire bedside care team.

Task force member Lisa-Mae Williams, operations director of telehealth and eICU at Baptist Health South Florida, says telemedicine doesn’t mean fewer jobs for bedside nurses; it’s an extra set of eyes to surveil vitals and support a clinical workforce that may be stretched thin.


“At the bedside, when teleICU came to my unit, I was very skeptical,” Williams recalls. “But after seeing for myself what those extra nurses brought to the table – the available technology and time they had to assess trends and really delve into what’s going on – it turned out to be the best tool to care for our patients.”

In addition to knowledge gaps, nurse turnover is on the rise, according to the “2017 Survey of Registered Nurses: Viewpoints on Leadership, Nursing, Shortages and Their Profession” from AMN Healthcare, San Diego.2 The survey also finds that more than one in four nurses plan to retire within a year, and 73% of baby boomers expect to retire in 3 years or less.

The shortfall is already more pronounced in rural hospitals facing staffing challenges and in specialty areas where additional education, training, and experience are critical to improve patient safety and outcomes.

The expertise and dynamic, front-line viewpoint of teleICU experts has resulted in a comprehensive, patient-centric update. Their experience delivering both bedside and remote care was instrumental in developing valuable clinical scenarios. The scenarios in the statement are genuine examples of how each key recommendation is implemented by physicians and bedside and teleICU nurses to provide continuity of care; identify high-risk patients; and decrease mortality rates by filling gaps in monitoring and staff expertise.

 

 


As a leader in the delivery of evidence-based practices, AACN offers CCRN-E specialty certification3 for nurses who primarily provide acute or critical care for adult patients in a teleICU setting, which is connected to the bedside via audiovisual communication and computer systems. Visit www.aacn.org > Certification > Get Certified > CCRN-E Adult to learn more.

The expert consensus statement is available for AACN members to download or to purchase a hard copy.4

References

1. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

2. https://www.amnhealthcare.com/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Campaigns/AMN%20Healthcare%202017%20RN%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report.pdf 3. https://www.aacn.org/certification/get-certified/ccrn-e-adult

4. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

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To remain at the forefront of expanding evidence-based practices in all aspects of critical care, facilities must include teleICUs.

In 2013, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) first defined standards for the emerging telenursing practice in the ICU and has recently published an update, AACN TeleICU Nursing Practice: An Expert Consensus Statement Supporting High Acuity, Progressive and Critical Care.1

The new consensus statement, which creates a framework for implementing, evaluating, and improving teleICU nursing practice, addresses the new findings in this fast-growing area of health care. It also establishes a model for achieving excellence and optimal patient care outcomes through the following:

• Shared knowledge and goals

• Mutual respect

• Skilled communication

• True collaboration

• Authentic leadership

• Optimized technology

• Practice excellence

A 12-person task force, including teleICU nurse leaders, contributed to the statement and brought a fresh perspective to this area of practice.


Task force co-chair Pat Herr, clinical integration director of eCARE ICU at Avera Health, says it was important to harness the energy and lessons learned from experienced teleICU leaders.

“TeleICUs continue to evolve to meet the needs of patients and health systems,” Herr adds. “New technology options and new partnership models are available, and nurse leaders play an important part in using these tools to improve patient care.”

The earliest teleICU design concepts employed a physician-only model of care, but it quickly became clear that critical-care nursing was a necessary component. Today, the most effective teleICU models implement collaborative care that includes physicians, nurses, information technology, and administrative support personnel.Opportunities in teleICU are one way to retain knowledgeable nurses, who can bridge clinical expertise gaps and provide an additional layer of skilled critical care. TeleICU care ensures delivery of both optimal patient outcomes and timely knowledge to support physicians, nurses, and the entire bedside care team.

Task force member Lisa-Mae Williams, operations director of telehealth and eICU at Baptist Health South Florida, says telemedicine doesn’t mean fewer jobs for bedside nurses; it’s an extra set of eyes to surveil vitals and support a clinical workforce that may be stretched thin.


“At the bedside, when teleICU came to my unit, I was very skeptical,” Williams recalls. “But after seeing for myself what those extra nurses brought to the table – the available technology and time they had to assess trends and really delve into what’s going on – it turned out to be the best tool to care for our patients.”

In addition to knowledge gaps, nurse turnover is on the rise, according to the “2017 Survey of Registered Nurses: Viewpoints on Leadership, Nursing, Shortages and Their Profession” from AMN Healthcare, San Diego.2 The survey also finds that more than one in four nurses plan to retire within a year, and 73% of baby boomers expect to retire in 3 years or less.

The shortfall is already more pronounced in rural hospitals facing staffing challenges and in specialty areas where additional education, training, and experience are critical to improve patient safety and outcomes.

The expertise and dynamic, front-line viewpoint of teleICU experts has resulted in a comprehensive, patient-centric update. Their experience delivering both bedside and remote care was instrumental in developing valuable clinical scenarios. The scenarios in the statement are genuine examples of how each key recommendation is implemented by physicians and bedside and teleICU nurses to provide continuity of care; identify high-risk patients; and decrease mortality rates by filling gaps in monitoring and staff expertise.

 

 


As a leader in the delivery of evidence-based practices, AACN offers CCRN-E specialty certification3 for nurses who primarily provide acute or critical care for adult patients in a teleICU setting, which is connected to the bedside via audiovisual communication and computer systems. Visit www.aacn.org > Certification > Get Certified > CCRN-E Adult to learn more.

The expert consensus statement is available for AACN members to download or to purchase a hard copy.4

References

1. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

2. https://www.amnhealthcare.com/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Campaigns/AMN%20Healthcare%202017%20RN%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report.pdf 3. https://www.aacn.org/certification/get-certified/ccrn-e-adult

4. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

 

To remain at the forefront of expanding evidence-based practices in all aspects of critical care, facilities must include teleICUs.

In 2013, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) first defined standards for the emerging telenursing practice in the ICU and has recently published an update, AACN TeleICU Nursing Practice: An Expert Consensus Statement Supporting High Acuity, Progressive and Critical Care.1

The new consensus statement, which creates a framework for implementing, evaluating, and improving teleICU nursing practice, addresses the new findings in this fast-growing area of health care. It also establishes a model for achieving excellence and optimal patient care outcomes through the following:

• Shared knowledge and goals

• Mutual respect

• Skilled communication

• True collaboration

• Authentic leadership

• Optimized technology

• Practice excellence

A 12-person task force, including teleICU nurse leaders, contributed to the statement and brought a fresh perspective to this area of practice.


Task force co-chair Pat Herr, clinical integration director of eCARE ICU at Avera Health, says it was important to harness the energy and lessons learned from experienced teleICU leaders.

“TeleICUs continue to evolve to meet the needs of patients and health systems,” Herr adds. “New technology options and new partnership models are available, and nurse leaders play an important part in using these tools to improve patient care.”

The earliest teleICU design concepts employed a physician-only model of care, but it quickly became clear that critical-care nursing was a necessary component. Today, the most effective teleICU models implement collaborative care that includes physicians, nurses, information technology, and administrative support personnel.Opportunities in teleICU are one way to retain knowledgeable nurses, who can bridge clinical expertise gaps and provide an additional layer of skilled critical care. TeleICU care ensures delivery of both optimal patient outcomes and timely knowledge to support physicians, nurses, and the entire bedside care team.

Task force member Lisa-Mae Williams, operations director of telehealth and eICU at Baptist Health South Florida, says telemedicine doesn’t mean fewer jobs for bedside nurses; it’s an extra set of eyes to surveil vitals and support a clinical workforce that may be stretched thin.


“At the bedside, when teleICU came to my unit, I was very skeptical,” Williams recalls. “But after seeing for myself what those extra nurses brought to the table – the available technology and time they had to assess trends and really delve into what’s going on – it turned out to be the best tool to care for our patients.”

In addition to knowledge gaps, nurse turnover is on the rise, according to the “2017 Survey of Registered Nurses: Viewpoints on Leadership, Nursing, Shortages and Their Profession” from AMN Healthcare, San Diego.2 The survey also finds that more than one in four nurses plan to retire within a year, and 73% of baby boomers expect to retire in 3 years or less.

The shortfall is already more pronounced in rural hospitals facing staffing challenges and in specialty areas where additional education, training, and experience are critical to improve patient safety and outcomes.

The expertise and dynamic, front-line viewpoint of teleICU experts has resulted in a comprehensive, patient-centric update. Their experience delivering both bedside and remote care was instrumental in developing valuable clinical scenarios. The scenarios in the statement are genuine examples of how each key recommendation is implemented by physicians and bedside and teleICU nurses to provide continuity of care; identify high-risk patients; and decrease mortality rates by filling gaps in monitoring and staff expertise.

 

 


As a leader in the delivery of evidence-based practices, AACN offers CCRN-E specialty certification3 for nurses who primarily provide acute or critical care for adult patients in a teleICU setting, which is connected to the bedside via audiovisual communication and computer systems. Visit www.aacn.org > Certification > Get Certified > CCRN-E Adult to learn more.

The expert consensus statement is available for AACN members to download or to purchase a hard copy.4

References

1. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

2. https://www.amnhealthcare.com/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Campaigns/AMN%20Healthcare%202017%20RN%20Survey%20-%20Full%20Report.pdf 3. https://www.aacn.org/certification/get-certified/ccrn-e-adult

4. https://www.aacn.org/nursing-excellence/standards/aacn-teleicu-nursing-consensus-statement

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